Công nghệ nhà máy điện hạt nhân Việt Nam (sắp xây dựng) và tính toán dài lâu cho nền quốc phòng quốc

Dư i-ốt nhưng mấy cái khác không dư thì cũng không sang giúp được bác ạ [] [r2)]

Analysis: Japan nuclear crisis reaches new levels

7:24pm EDT
By Scott DiSavino
NEW YORK (Reuters) - Japan's nuclear crisis may have taken its most dangerous turn yet after a U.S. official said one of the pools containing highly radioactive spent fuel rods at the stricken plant had run dry.
One nuclear expert said that there was now even a possibility that the disaster may approach the extent of the Chernobyl accident, the worst ever in the industry's history. When the Chernobyl plant in Ukraine exploded in 1986 it spewed a radiation cloud over a large area of Europe.
And a nuclear engineer said that it may be time to consider ways to bury or cover the entire complex in some kind of material that would stop radiation from leaking into the atmosphere.
Triggering the new levels of alarm were comments by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Chairman Gregory Jaczko in Congress on Wednesday. "There is no water in the spent fuel pool and we believe that radiation levels are extremely high, which could possibly impact the ability to take corrective measures," he said.
Japanese officials have been working desperately for two days to try to get more water into the pool to cover the rods, which remain hot for months after they are removed from the reactors and can quickly release radioactive components if exposed to the air.
"If they don't get water to these spent fuel pools in view of the containment breaches in the other plants the actual radiation releases could approach that category of Chernobyl," said Victor Gilinsky, who was an NRC commissioner at the time of the Three Mile Island accident in 1979, which was the worst nuclear accident in U.S. history.
Earlier Japanese authorities told the International Atomic Energy Agency that radioactivity was being released directly into the air at the pool for the No.4 reactor at the Fukushima Daiichi plant. Experts say the pools could present a bigger threat to public health than the reactors, which appear to be still encased in steel containment systems.
"Up until now they have not been able to get close to the spent rods, as even with protective clothing it only stops workers from breathing in radioactive particles, not from radiation itself," Dr Peter Hosemann PHD of the University of California Berkeley Nuclear Engineering Department said Tuesday.
While the building holding the rods has been rocked by fire and a blast, officials in Japan had not said how much water remained in the 40-foot deep tanks.
James Acton, Associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, said in an interview before Jaczko's comments that it appeared there was a leak in the pool.
"There is either a leak in the spent fuel pool or the rods are hot enough to cause evaporation," Acton said.
DEADLY MIX
When a fuel rod is exposed to the air the zirconium metal cladding on the rods can easily catch on fire, releasing a deadly mix of radiation into the atmosphere. The earlier fires and explosion in the area of the spent fuel storage tank left the pool partly open to the air allowing the radiation to escape into the atmosphere.
Experts say the water should remain at least eight feet over the spent fuel to maintain acceptable radiation levels but the level usually is kept much higher.
"As the water drains there's going to be less stability - and higher levels of radiation released," said Tara Neider, President and CEO of Areva Federal Services, a U.S. arm of the world's biggest nuclear power plant builder, French giant Areva SA.
Tokyo Electric Power Co (TEPCO), the operator of the six-reactor complex, was considering spraying water into the spent fuel pools through the holes in the roof by helicopter but later canceled that mission.
Arnie Gundersen, a 29-year veteran of the nuclear industry who has worked on reactors similar to the Daiichi plant and is now chief engineer at Fairewinds Associates Inc, warned that dropping water on the spent fuel pool could make matters worse.
"It's a bad idea to drop water onto the fuel racks. You could get an inadvertent criticality. That means you could have a nuclear reaction, similar to that in a reactor core, in the fuel pool," Gundersen said.
MORE RADIATION
"There is more radiation in the spent fuel pool - which is about ten stories in the air -- than in the reactor core," Gundersen said, noting used rods contain more dangerous radioactive materials than new rods, including elements cesium, strontium and plutonium.
Plutonium, in particular, is a very nasty isotope and could cause cancer in very small quantities if ingested, he said.
The uranium fuel is burned in the reactor for three to six years before being placed into the pool. About one third of the fuel is removed from the reactor core to the pool every 18 to 24 months during refueling outages.
Used fuel rods must sit in the spent fuel pool for at least five years. Though, much to the consternation of environmental and anti-nuclear groups, the rods usually sit in the pool much longer while waiting for either reprocessing or storage in dry casks.
Gundersen also said he recommended evacuating children and pregnant women to more than 50 miles away from the plant to avoid the radiation risk.
In a sign that other spent fuel rod pools could be in a deteriorating con***ion, the NRC Chairman Jaczko said he also believed the pool at the No. 3 reactor may also have a leak.
"Every day it seems like things may be stabilizing but you wake up the next morning and it seems like things have not stabilized or maybe gotten worse," said Brian Woods, nuclear engineering associate professor at Oregon State University and a former engineer for the U.S. Department of Energy.
Woods said that it may be time to think of encasing the complex in some kind of protective material.
"More than likely you're probably looking at some kind of external containment," he said.
(Reporting by Scott DiSavino, David Sheppard, Matt Daily and Ben Berkowitz in New York, Timothy Gardner in Washington, Bernie Woodall in Detroit and Eileen O'Grady in Houston; E***ing by Martin Howell)

http://www.thesaigontimes.vn/Home/thegioi/ghinhan/49898/Tokyo-bat-dau-dao-dong.html

Sao bảo lò 5,6 ngưng hoạt động trước động đất mà sao bây giờ lại nói là nó cũng đang có vấn đề về bể làm mát, Híc mỗi báo nói một kiểu Chả biết đường nào mà lần!

Kinh quá tình hình có vẻ căng,giống như ngày tận thế đang đếm ngược , A di đà phật!

Một buổi sáng đầu tiên thức dậy mà không thấy tình hình xấu thêm đi (nổ, cháy...)

Lò 5, 6 đang nóng lên nhưng chưa có gì khẩn cấp!
-----------------------------Tự động gộp Reply ---------------------------
Cách đây khoảng vài tiếng TepCo đã cho trực thăng xả nước lên các lò 3 và 4, tuy nhiên do nồng độ phóng xạ còn cao, trực thăng ko dám bay thấp nên mục tiêu xả không được chính xác, có vẻ không hiệu quả, nếu không muốn nói là vô vọng. Kế hoạch tiếp theo có thể là dùng xe bồn chở nước để xịt thẳng vào...

http://www.vaec.gov.vn/TabId/677/ArticleId/2989/PreTabId/477/Default.aspx

Bức xạ ở lò phản ứng số 4 tăng lên cực cao
Sự kiện đáng chú ý sáng 16-3: TP Ishinomaki báo tin 10.000 cư dân được coi là mất tích (Kyodo News). Trung Quốc kiểm tra các lò phản ứng và dừng các dự án mới. Đức kêu goi công dân rời Nhật vì khủng hoảng hạt nhân trầm trọng. Pháp lo ngại mưa phóng xạ trên đất Pháp.

• “Những chú lính chì” tại nhà máy điện Fukushima
• Việt Nam có thể ảnh hưởng phóng xạ nếu Nhật báo động 7
• Cụ bà 70 tuổi sống sót thần kỳ sau trận động đất
• Nhật Bản lại rung chuyển vì động đất 6 độ Richter
• Nổ nhà máy điện hạt nhân ở Nhật, Hàn Quốc họp khẩn
• Các cách ứng phó đối với rò rỉ phóng xạ hạt nhân
• Đám cháy lớn ở nhà máy nhiệt điện gần lò hạt nhân
• Lò phản ứng số 2 tại Fukushima nguy cơ phát nổ
• 10 lao động VN đã thoát khỏi sóng thần tại Miyagi
• Nhật Bản ngày thứ 3 sau động đất: Hoang tàn và chết chóc
• Bảo đảm an toàn cho người Việt Nam tại Nhật Bản
• Nhật Bản: Số người chết có thể vượt quá mốc 10.000
• Nhật Bản đã giảm áp thành công lò phản ứng hạt nhân số 3
• Thực phẩm và xăng cạn kiệt sau thảm họa ở Nhật
• Lo ngại có thêm nhiều người nhiễm xạ ở Nhật Bản
• Nhật Bản: Tìm thấy 200 thi thể cùng một địa điểm
• Nhà máy Fukushima có thể đã nóng chảy nhiên liệu
• 22 người bị nhiễm phóng xạ của nhà máy điện Fukushima
• Số người chết và mất tích tại Nhật vượt quá 2.700
• Nhật Bản: Thêm 1 lò phản ứng có nguy cơ phát nổ
• Mặt Trăng và Mặt Trời gây ra động đất Nhật Bản?
• Nghi ngờ có 90 người đã bị nhiễm xạ sau vụ nổ lò
• Động đất ở Nhật Bản dịch chuyển cả trục Trái Đất
• Vụ động đất, sóng thần tàn phá Nhật: Thiệt hại lâu dài về kinh tế?
• Hơn 1.800 người chết và mất tích sau động đất, sóng thần
• Sóng thần từ Nhật Bản tấn công quần đảo Hawaii
• Những hình ảnh bi thương từ Nhật Bản sau sóng thần

Thứ năm 17-3

3g30: Anpex, nhà sản xuất hàng đầu thuốc viên Iodure de potassium của Mỹ tuyên bố hết hàng vì yêu cầu quá lớn. Khách mua chủ yếu đến từ bờ Tây nước Mỹ. Một lượng quan trọng khác được đặt bời các nước Nhật, Hàn quốc và châu Á nói chung.


1g50: Cơ quan Điều phối Năng lượng Hạt nhân Mỹ cho biết hồ chứa của lò phản ứng số 4 đã cạn, điều này làm cho bức xạ tăng lên cực kỳ cao


1g00: Bộ trưởng Bộ Môi trường Pháp Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet nhận định: Nếu đi tới tận cùng kịch bản thảm họa thì tai nạn hạt nhân ở Fukushima có thể dẫn tới mưa phóng xạ trên lãnh thổ Pháp nhưng ở mức độ không nguy hiểm với sức khỏe con người. Bộ trưởng nhấn mạnh: Mưa phóng xạ diễn ra ở diện rộng trên một phần diện tích Bắc bán cầu, và trên một tỉ lệ nhỏ của lãnh thổ Pháp. Phát biểu được đưa ra tại cuộc họp của nhóm hạt nhân Quốc hội Pháp.


0g50: Công ty Eqecat, chuyên gia trong lĩnh vực tính toán rủi ro Mỹ ước tính thiệt hại tài sản do động đất và sóng thần ở Nhật vào khoảng từ 12 đến 25 tỉ USD.
​

0g20: Một trong những nhật báo lớn nhất Nhật Bản, Mainichi Shimbun ấn hành vào lúc 20g45 giờ địa phương một thông cáo của 4.500 nhà khoa học yêu cầu Chính phủ và Tepco công khai những thông tin liên quan đến khủng hoảng hạt nhân ở NM Fukushima, cáo bạch những gì Chính phủ định làm và chuyển thông tin đến các chuyên gia để họ xác định mức độ báo động. Liên quan đến tình hình này, cần nhắc lại rằng từ thứ ba 15-3, Cơ quan An toàn hạt nhân Pháp đã đánh giá sự cố hạt nhân Nhật ở mức 6/7 theo thang sự cố quốc tế INES nhưng Chính phủ Nhật vẫn cố gắng duy trì đánh giá ở mức 4 (tai nạn với hậu quả cục bộ). Đánh giá này đã không thuyết phục dư luận chuyên gia quốc tế dù tình hình ngày càng xấu đi.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prqp__GMb_I&feature=player_embeddedideo

Video

Article published Mar 16, 2011


Japan prepares to restart work at nuclear plant


Photo by: DigitalGlobe/AP

$PHOTOCRE***_ON$This satellite photo taken Wednesday shows the damage after an earthquake and tsunami at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant complex. The satellite image confirms damage to the Units 1, 3, and 4 reactor buildings. Steam can be seen venting from the unit 2 reactor building, as well as from the Unit 3 reactor building.$PHOTOCRE***_OFF$​

By Eric Talmadge and Shino Yuasa
Associated Press

FUKUSHIMA, Japan – Surging radiation levels forced Japan to order emergency workers to temporarily withdraw from its crippled nuclear plant Wednesday, losing time in a desperate operation to cool the overheating reactors – the most urgent crisis from last week’s devastating earthquake and tsunami.

The technicians were dousing the nuclear reactors with seawater in a frantic effort to cool them when they had to retreat in the late morning. The plant’s operator ordered the technicians back to the site in the evening after radiation levels subsided.

In the hours in between, it was not clear what if any operations continued. Officials gave only sparse information about reactors.

But con***ions at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant appeared to be worsening. White steam-like clouds drifted up from one reactor which, the government said, likely emitted the burst of radiation that led to the workers’ withdrawal. The plant’s operator reported a fire at another reactor for the second time in two days.

At one point, national broadcaster NHK showed military helicopters lifting off *****rvey radiation levels above the complex, preparing to dump water onto the most troubled reactors in a desperate effort to cool them down. The defense ministry later said those flights were a drill, and it had no plans to make an airborne water drop.

“The anxiety and anger being felt by people in Fukushima have reached a boiling point,” the governor of Fukushima prefecture, Yuhei Sato, fumed in an interview with NHK. He criticized preparations for an evacuation if con***ions worsen and said centers already housing people moved from nearby the plant do not have enough hot meals and basic necessities.

The nuclear crisis has triggered international alarm and partly overshadowed the human tragedy caused by Friday’s 9.0-magnitude earthquake and the subsequent tsunami, a blast of black seawater that pulverized Japan’s northeastern coastline. The quake was one of the strongest recorded in history.

Millions of people struggled for a fifth day with little food, water or heat, and already chilly temperatures turned to snow in many areas. Police say more than 452,000 people are staying in temporary shelters, often sleeping on the floor in school gymnasiums.

Nearly 3,700 people are officially listed as dead, but officials believe the toll will climb over 10,000 since several thousand more are listed as missing.

In an extremely rare address to the nation, Emperor Akihito expressed condolences and urged Japan not to give up.

“It is important that each of us shares the difficult days that lie ahead,” said Akihito, 77, a figure deeply respected across the country. “I pray that we will all take care of each other and overcome this tragedy.”

He also expressed his worries over the nuclear crisis, saying: “With the help of those involved I hope things will not get worse.”

Since the quake and wave hit, authorities have been struggling to avert an environmental catastrophe at the Fukushima Dai-ichi complex, 140 miles north of Tokyo. The tsunami knocked out the backup diesel generators needed to keep nuclear fuel cool at the plant’s six reactors, setting off the atomic crisis.

In the city of Fukushima, about 40 miles inland from the nuclear complex, hundreds of harried government workers, police officers and others struggled to stay on top of the situation in a makeshift command center.

An entire floor of one of the prefecture’s office buildings had been taken over by people tracking evacuations, power needs, death tolls and food supplies.

In one room, uniformed soldiers evaluated radiation readings on maps posted across a wall. In another, senior officials were in meetings throughout the day, while nuclear power industry representatives held impromptu briefings before rows of media cameras.

Wednesday’s radiation spike was believed to have come from Unit 3, where workers are struggling with a fuel storage pond believed to be leaking radiation, as well as possible damage to the containment vessel – the thick concrete armor built around the reactor – that would allow radiation to escape.

“The workers cannot carry out even minimal work at the plant now,” Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano said Wednesday morning at briefing aired on television, as smoke billowed above the complex. “Because of the radiation risk we are on standby.”

With no workers on site, efforts to cool the reactors likely ceased altogether, said Michael Friedlander, a former nuclear power plant operator who worked at a General Electric boiling water reactor in the United States similar to the stricken ones in Japan.

“They’re in right now is what’s called a feed-and-bleed mode. In order to keep the core covered and keep the reactor cool they have to feed in water,” said Friedlander, who is currently based in Hong Kong. “It’s something that they physically have to be present to do.”

Elevated levels of radiation were detected well outside the 20-mile (30-kilometer) emergency area around the plants. In Ibaraki prefecture, just south of Fukushima, officials said radiation levels were about 300 times normal levels by late morning.

A little radiation was also detected in Tokyo, triggering panic buying of food and water.

Given the reported radiation levels, John Price, an Australian-based nuclear safety expert, said he saw few health risks for the general public so far. He was concerned for the workers, who he said were almost certainly working in full body suits and breathing through respirators. The workers at the forefront of the fight – a core team of about 180 – had been regularly rotated in and out of the danger zone to minimize their radiation exposure.

Price said he was surprised by how little information the Japanese were sharing.

“We don’t know even the fundamentals of what’s happening, what’s wrong, what isn’t working. We’re all guessing,” he said. “I would have thought they would put on a panel of experts every two hours.”

Edano said the government expects to ask the U.S. military for help, though he did not elaborate. He said the government is still considering whether to accept offers of help from other countries.

There are six reactors at the plant. Units 1, 2 and 3, which were operating last week, shut down automatically when the quake hit. Since then, all three have been rocked by explosions. Compounding the problems, on Tuesday a fire broke out in Unit 4’s fuel storage pond, an area where used nuclear fuel is kept cool, causing radioactivity to be released into the atmosphere.

Units 4, 5 and 6 were shut at the time of the quake, but even offline reactors have nuclear fuel – either inside the reactors or in storage ponds – that need to be kept cool.

Meanwhile, the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency estimated that 70 percent of the rods have been damaged at the No. 1 reactor.

Japan’s national news agency, Kyodo, said that 33 percent of the fuel rods at the No. 2 reactor were damaged and that the cores of both reactors were believed to have partially melted.



http://durangoherald.com/article/20...pan-prepares-to-restart-work-at-nuclear-plant#

http://www.vietnamnet.vn/vn/quoc-te/12839/nhat-con-48-gio-de-tranh-mot-chernobyl-.html

vnnet lại đưa tin ngày tận thế đang đến gần.

Bà con chuẩn bị tinh thần còn 48 tiếng nữa để thu dọn đồ đạc rồi té sang Cam hoặc Lào nhanh không chít.....hihi

Mới các bác thư giãn

Em có câu hỏi này biết là hơi thiếu iot nhưng vẫn mạnh dạn không giấu dốt.
Đó là khi sự cố xảy ra theo như các bác nói là các lò phản ứng đã dừng hòan toàn vậy thì tại sao các thanh nhiên liệu lại vẫn nóng chảy vì hỏng bộ phận làm mát. Mong các bác giải đáp giúp em.