Những bức ảnh có thể bạn chưa biết trong Kháng chiến chống Mỹ

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Phồn vinh giả tạo ấy mà....có phải tự thân tự lực gì đâu...thế nên Mỹ rút vòi là kinh tế quân sự sụp đổ ngay...có gì mà khoe hả nghẹo...

Hé lộ tổn thất của chuyên gia Liên Xô ở Việt Nam
Quote:
(Kienthuc.net.vn) - Trong tổng số 6.000 quân nhân, chuyên gia Liên Xô sang giúp đỡ Việt Nam, đã có 16 sĩ quan và chiến sĩ hi sinh.

* Bài viết có trích dẫn tư liệu từ cuốn sách: “Nga và Liên Xô trong các cuộc chiến tranh của thế kỷ 20. Mất mát của các lực lượng vũ trang. Nghiên cứu thống kê”. Chủ biên: Phó Tiến sĩ Khoa học Quân sự, Giáo sư Học viên Khoa học Quân sự Thượng tướng G.F. Krivosheev.

Ngày 5/8/1964, sau khi bịa ra cái gọi là “Sự kiện Vịnh Bắc Bộ”, Không quân và Hải quân Mỹ bắt đầu các chiến dịch ném bom miền Bắc Việt Nam, sau đó là đưa quân trực tiếp can thiệp vào miền Nam Việt Nam.

Trong cuộc chiến tranh phá hoại miền Bắc Việt Nam, Không quân, Hải quân Mỹ đã sử dụng nhiều phương tiện chiến tranh ném nhiều loại bom, tên lửa nhắm vào mục tiêu quân sự và cả dân sự gây thương vong lớn cho nhân dân Việt Nam.

Nhưng nhân dân Việt Nam vẫn đứng vững và kiên cường đánh trả các đợt ném bom tàn bạo của Đế quốc Mỹ bằng các loại vũ khí khí tài do Liên Xô và nhiều nước xã hội chủ nghĩa khác giúp đỡ.

Chuyên gia Liên Xô ở Việt Nam.​

Các chuyến hàng quân sự đã được chuyển đến Việt Nam qua lãnh thổ Trung Quốc và theo đường biển đến cảng Hải Phòng. Bên cạnh các loại vũ khí, thì Liên Xô còn gửi nhiều đoàn chuyên gia quân sự sang huấn luyện bộ đội Việt Nam sử dụng các vũ khí khí tài (pháo, tên lửa, máy bay tiêm kích).

Những nhiệm vụ phức tạp và nặng nề đặt lên vai những chiến sĩ và sĩ quan của bộ đội phòng không Liên Xô đã đến Việt Nam. Trong một thời gian ngắn phải tổ chức được việc đánh trả các cuộc ném bom của Không quân Mỹ vào các mục tiêu ở miền Bắc. Việc huấn luyện các quân nhân Việt Nam được tiến hành với nhịp độ khẩn trương.

Và không lâu sau các tiểu đoàn của trung đoàn tên lửa phòng không đầu tiên đã vào trận bảo vệ Hà Nội. Ở giai đoạn đầu, trong các kíp chiến đấu tên lửa S-75 Dvina bảo vệ Hà Nội có các sĩ quan, hạ sĩ quan và chiến sĩ Liên Xô cùng tham gia.

Chuyên gia Liên Xô nghiên cứu mảnh xác B-52 bị quân dân miền Bắc Việt Nam bắn rơi.​

Chiến thuật chống lại Không quân Mỹ được hoàn thiện, các phương tiện kỹ thuật mới chống lại Mỹ đã được chuyển đến Việt Nam, ngoài lực lượng tên lửa thì lực lượng Không quân Nhân dân Việt Nam có thêm nhiều máy bay tiêm kích như MiG-17 và kể cả loại hiện đại nhất, MiG-21.

Tuy nhiên, vai trò chính trong việc đánh lại các cuộc không kích của Không quân Mỹ thuộc về các đơn vị tên lửa phòng không. Ví dụ, trong 12 ngày đêm cuối năm 1972 đánh trả Chiến dịch Linebacker II của Mỹ, quân dân Việt Nam đã xuất sắc bắn rơi tổng cộng 81 máy bay Mỹ. Trong đó có 20 chiếc do pháo phòng không bắn hạ, 7 chiếc do không quân và 54 chiếc còn lại do tên lửa phòng không (trong 34 B-52 bị bắn hạ thì riêng tên lửa bắn rơi 31 chiếc).

Trong 8 năm chiến tranh các phi công miền Bắc Việt Nam với sự giúp đỡ huấn luyện, đảm bảo kỹ thuật từ các bạn Liên Xô tham gia tổng cộng 480 trận không chiến, bắn rơi 350 máy bay địch, nhưng chỉ mất 131 chiếc máy bay.

Theo tài liệu “Nga và Liên Xô trong các cuộc chiến tranh của thế kỷ 20. Mất mát của các lực lượng vũ trang. Nghiên cứu thống kê”, trong thời gian chiến tranh ở Việt Nam đã có hơn 6.000 quân nhân, chuyên gia dân sự sang Việt Nam phục vụ. Trong số này, đã có 16 người hi sinh gồm 15 sĩ quan và 1 chiến sĩ.
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Trung Quốc hy sinh vì sự nghiệp giải phóng VN đếm không xuể nữa , như Mao Chủ Tịch đã căn dặn: "dù dân Trung Hoa có chết đói, cũng phải đủ cơm ăn áo ấm cho Việt nam đánh Mỹ"

Đề nghị thằng con hoang ói ra cái nguồn chứng minh Mao chủ xị nói câu đó.

Lão Trung gài hàng ghê nhỉ, nếu không tờ ron thì là thằng phét lác, nếu chứng minh được thì là thằng con hoang [r23)] [r23)] [r23)]

Miền Nam Việt Nam 1955

V+ không đu ống đu đủ mà đu trên M41 và jeep lùn VNCH đuối các anh hùng cờ vàng chạy tụt quần he he.

M48 có cái ống đu đủ to để V+ đu vào vui quá

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Người dân Sài Gòn và MNVN xuống đường phản đối sự xâm lăng của CSBV 4-1975, hơ hơ

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Ai bẩu VNCH không có chị hai răng vẩu nhỉ
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Dân chúng Sài Gòn đô thành cương quyết ngăn cản CSBV tiến chiếm dinh độc...tài, nô hàu Mẽo

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Poster 1498​

Traffic needs direction; so does a man’s life!
Join the National Police force for a secure career.​

This article will briefly look at the Government of (South) Vietnam’s national police, the Canh Sat, sometimes called the “white mice” by American troops because of their uniform white helmets and gloves.
The average American soldier was no fan of the Vietnamese police force, and this is easy to understand because on a weekend in Saigon the troops wanted liquor and women and a good time while the police wanted to preserve the peace. There were a number of reported incidents where the Vietnamese police stopped taxicabs with an American soldier and Vietnamese female and demanded identification and a “cohabitation certificate.” This was not a legal stop and the police were either guilty of harassment or looking for a bribe by the American serviceman to let the taxicab proceed. In ad***ion, because the regime of South Vietnam was harsh, the police often used methods that Americans considered brutal and fascist. It was a case of “culture shock” and both sides could make a decent argument for their actions and beliefs.
The National Police were hampered by several problems. They had a poor image because corruption has been a way of life to many of them, caused in part by low pay. National Policemen received as little as $38 a month, although there were allowances for families. Advancement was usually based on education and family rather than experience and this in some cases led to lack of motivation.
Because the Vietnamese Government was not always exactly democratic, the police had the duty of seeing that unpopular laws were followed. In particular, they supported the regime as ordered and did some dirty and difficult jobs such as searching for Vietnamese military deserters and black marketers. On occasion they were the first responders at terrorist attacks and bombings and found themselves fighting the ********* guerrillas face to face. As a result, the ********* often targeted them for terror attacks, for instance, blowing up a police headquarters or attacking checkpoints. More than 1,000 Vietnamese policemen were killed every year by Communist Forces during the period of the U.S. military buildup.
JUSPAO Guidance Number 53, PSYOP Support of Pacification states that the U.S. Government supported a Public Safety Program to train and equip a civil police force able to cope effectively with civil disturbance, common crime and low level insurgency. The U.S. provides training and material assistance through the CORDS Public Safety Division. In the PSYOP field, CORDS personnel in the provinces assist the Government of Vietnam in building a positive police image of public service and in explaining the need for police control measures to protect the law-abiding population. Media support is furnished by JUSPAO.
None of this should have been of any interest to U.S. forces that were fighting their own war against the ********* and North Vietnamese Army. However, as part of supporting the Government of Vietnam and what we now call “nation building,” the United States spent a great amount of effort and money to try and build a rapport between the citizens of Vietnam and their police. In this article we will show some of the leaflets and posters designed to convince the citizens of Vietnam that the police were their friends and protectors and should be respected and emulated.

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Vietnamese Motorcycle Policeman​

South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem issued a decree in June of 1962 integrating all then existing South Vietnamese police agencies into a single National Police Force who answered to the Directorate General of National Police. The United States provided aid in the form of weapons, supplies, training and advisory support-to the National Police of South Vietnam, starting in 1954. Under the Public Safety program of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the Vietnamese police force was converted from a civil agency of 19,000 men in 1963 to a mammoth paramilitary organization of 120,000 men in 1973. The U.S. spent $155 million *****pport the police between 1967 and 1972. These figures do not include CIA payments, or local currencies made available to the Government of Vietnam through the Commo***y Import Program and other U.S. accounts. These funds were used to provide small arms, vehicles and helicopters, and other equipment to the Vietnamese police, and to finance the team of over 200 U.S. Public Safety Advisors which assisted the National Police Command in Saigon.
In its Fiscal 1972 Presentation to Congress, the Agency for International Development reported that the function of the Public Safety program in South Vietnam was to help the National Police “maintain law and order in urban and pacified rural areas, combat smaller ********* elements in areas of nominal government control, and deny resources to the enemy.” However, witnesses testified that the Government of Vietnam has diverted police resources from efforts to “maintain law and order” and “combat the *********” to efforts to stifle and suppress the Vietnamese peace movement and other non-communist opposition movements.
Specialist Fifth Class Ruben Rosario of the 29th General Support Group mentioned the Vietnamese National police in a recent conversation:

I remember them well from watching the arrogant SOBs with amazement. I remember one that could not have been more than 4'9", but he wore a huge “Dirty Harry” .44 revolver, which he fired at a fleeing “draft dodger” who ran down a crowded street. He hit the guy and managed to miss everyone else (I think). Then, he and an ARVN Military Policeman picked up the unconscious and bleeding “draft dodger,” tossed him into the back of a truck, and drove off.
The other thing that amazed me was the U.S. support they received. In the fall of 1968, I had occasion to visit the Port of Saigon, where a cargo ship was being off-loaded; all of the cargo appeared to be vehicles for the White Mice; they were all painted the green and white police colors. There were many M715s, the military version of the Kaiser Jeep Corporation utility truck; we were still driving old M37s, when we could find a utility truck. The most amazing sight in this shipment was about 50 brand new Harley-Davidson police motorcycles, also green and white, and already with all of the police gear on them. The biggest bike that I had ever seen a Vietnamese ride was something along the lines of a Honda 90cc scooter.I can't imagine what they did with the big Harleys.
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I told Ruben that at one time Australia was thinking of supplying the Vietnamese police with horses for a mounted squadron. I don’t know if that ever came to pass. Ruben suspected they would have eaten the horses.
Specialist Fourth Class Paul Marling of Delta Company, 1st Battalion of the 12th Cavalry told me about his only meeting with the National Police.

Our company had three Kit Carson Scouts, former Cambodians or ********* who came over to our side. We were out on a mission trying to chase down a North Vietnamese unit and one of the Kit Carsons caught another of the scouts leaving notes and messages for the enemy. We immediately aborted the mission and returned to our firebase Gibraltar. When we arrived on the base there were about four White Mice waiting for us. They grabbed the guy; put some handcuffs on him and the beat the **** out of him. They then all got into an ARVN chopper and headed out. Suddenly, we saw a body fall from the chopper. The White Mice claimed he jumped. It really did not matter; the end result would have been the same. They were serious anti-Communists.

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The Most Iconic Police Photograph of the Vietnam War​

During the Tet attack of 1968 a distraught General Nguyen Ngoc Loan discovers that a large number of his men and their families have been killed by the *********. Here he takes matters into his own hands and executes a ********* officer captured near the site of a ***ch holding thirty-four bound and shot bodies of police and their relatives, some of whom were the families of Loan's deputy, and six of whom were his godchildren. Photo: Eddie Adams
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During the war the National Police Force was organized at national level with logistic and administrative support from Saigon, but individual police departments under operational control of province chiefs. The organization, known as the Directorate General of National Police, was headed by sub-Brigadier General Nguyen Ngoc Loan. Loan headed a staff of a deputy and six assistant directors for administration, personnel and training, intelligence, operations, Field Forces and scientific police. All recruits go through an intensive training program and members of the National Police Field Forces, the primary arm of the force for its attack on the infrastructure, go to a specialized school. Advance training for top-notch policemen was available at the International Police Academy in Washington, D.C., and in several other foreign countries.
Operations were often combined efforts with Military Policemen from US forces. For example, patrol cars were often manned by an American MP, a Vietnamese military policeman and two members of the National Police. A typical checkpoint might consist of an American MP, a Vietnamese MP, a National Policeman and a National Policewoman.
THE LEAFLETS

As one might expect, there are dozens of leaflets and posters that depict the Vietnamese National Police in a heroic pose with complimentary text. Since I intend this to be a short article, I will illustrate just a few of these leaflets and the reader should understand that there are many more. I selected those that I thought most interesting from a pictorial or textual aspect. I note that almost all of the police propaganda comes under JUSPAO theme 6, “Public Safety.”

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Leaflet 1537​

One of the early propaganda products that depict the police is Joint United States Public Affairs Office (JUSPAO) leaflet 1537. The theme is resource control. This was a major effort of the police and had to do with checking all products being brought into certain areas to search for illegal items, weapons, currency, and of course the occasional ********* of Vietnamese military deserter who might be identified when papers were inspected. The leaflet depicts policemen checking items brought in by Vietnamese who just disembarked from a bus. The text of this January 1967, 5 x 7-inch leaflet is in part:

THE NATIONAL POLICE SERVE THE PEOPLE BY RESOURCE CONTROL​

Through their resource control teams the National Police protect the resources of the country and pervert them from being diverted into the hands of the enemy. More and more, the ********* are being deprived of manpower, weapons, ammunition, and other essentials of war. Their combat capabilities have been considerably weakened, and their morale is being sapped…
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There were 13 different 8 x 22-inch slogans prepared in May 1968 *****pport the Resource control program. They are all coded 2617 and have such text as:

Resources control is designed to protect your lives and property.
Resources control prevents the ********* from using our natural resources
Resources control interferes with ********* infiltration and sabotage.
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Other leaflets, such as 2125 actually told the people “What to do when you are at a check point.” The text explains:

Keep in line and maintain order.
Present your identification card.
Have your packages or handbags ready for inspection.
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Many leaflets explain why there are checkpoints. For instance, 2126 and 2216 both ask “Why are there check points?” The explanation:

To protect your families and your homes, the police set up check points to prevent the ********* from transporting bombs and other explosives to kill innocent people.
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Check point are established in order to enforce law and order, so that you and other innocent people can live in security.

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Leaflet 2370​

This December 1967, 5 x 7-inch leaflet also is on the theme of resource control. It goes into more depth than 1537. It shows the police inspecting the passengers disembarking a mini-bus or jitney. The text on the front is identical to 1537 above. The text on the back is:

INSPECTION IS NECCESARY​

To properly perform their duties, the police inspect cars, buses, boats, barges, and other conveyances to prevent smuggling and infiltration. They check luggage, parcels, baskets, and boxes for illicit goods. They also conduct house to house searches in order to ferret out enemy agents, hoodlums, and draft dodgers…

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Poster 1655​

This April 1967, 17 x 22-inch poster depicts the National Police performing various duties. The text is:

NATIONAL POLICE SERVE THE PEOPLE​

In their continuing efforts to control the national resources, protect the people, and help defeat the *********, the National Police have seized many weapons and much war material intended for terrorist activities. They also have captured many ********* and apprehended draft dodgers. If you want to help build a strong and free Vietnam, cooperate with the National Police.
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Another poster coded 2618 is entitled “The National Police Fight for the People” and depicts scenes of the aftermath of the Tet attack of 1968.

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Poster 2642​

This June 1968, 17 x 22-inch product is actually a recruiting poster for the police. The text is:

JOIN THE NATIONAL POLICE​

You will have the opportunity: to serve the nation effectively; to help the weak people, to destroy the thieves and terrorists; to contribute to the building of a strong and peaceful society…
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Poster 1497 is also for recruitment and shows children crossing the street in a peaceful Vietnam and the text in part:

To serve the people, serve with the police! Join now. Apply at your local police station.
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Recruitment poster 1513 was prepared in November 1968 and pictures a policeman on front with a flag behind him. Some of the text is:

JOIN THE POLICE FORCE TO SHOW YOUR HIGH FIGHTING SPIRIT.​

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Poster 1499​

Recruitment poster 1499 depicts a police motorcycle section and the text:

Proud of their position and confident in themselves! Join them. Serve the people. Have a career.
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Handout 3578 was prepared in December 1969 and depicts police doing various searches from boats along the waterway. The text says in part:

When the river police call, compatriots must stop. Honest people have nothing to fear. Don’t try to turn away or drift to the banks. Always carry necessary legal papers and identity cards with you and show them to the river police when requested to do so.
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Poster 2618 dated June 1968 is 17 x 22-inches in size and depicts six photographs of the National Police in action. The text is:

THE NATIONAL POLICE FIGHTS FOR THE PEOPLE​

In destroying the ********* infiltration units in the Capital and Province recently, the National Police have shown its precious duty clearly: to help and protect people.
Poster 3117 was prepared in March of 1969 and asked the people to notify the National Police if they saw anything suspicious:

Protect the lives of all who travel on the roads of your district.
Report all suspicious activities to the nearest National Police or official.

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Book Cover 1762​

It was not only leaflets that were used to influence the Vietnamese people. Here the U.S. has printed an 11 x 9.5-inch book cover that children can carry to school and constantly be reminded of their police force. The theme of this book cover is “The National Police Serve the People.” This item was released in April 1967 and pictures the Vietnam national hero Le Loi on the front. Le Loi was a Vietnamese general and emperor who won back independence for Vietnam from China in 1428, founded the Later Le dynasty, and became the most honored Vietnamese hero of the medieval period. Text on the front is:

LE LOI, THE NATIONAL HERO AND LEADER OF THE NATION​

Name – Grade – School – School Year – Book – Author​

The text on the back of the book cover says in part:

At the present time, no police force in any other country is assigned such complex and heavy responsibilities as those facing the Vietnamese National Police.
The National Police perform all normal duties such as: preserving public order, apprehending lawbreakers and hoodlums, eradicating social vices, and helping the unfortunate. In ad***ion, they work as dedicated guardians of security.
While our soldiers kill the enemy on the battlefields, the National Police thwart and crush enemy terrorist plots in rear areas…
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This ends our very short look at the United States campaign to encourage the Vietnamese people to respect and emulate their National Police. Readers who care to comment are encourages to write to the author at sgmbert@hotmail.com.
End: June 2012
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