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(^_^) Lớp học tiếng Anh Mrs.THUY_ED (Tầng 30) (^_^)(Update thông tin mới trang 1 và trang cuối - Chủ

Chủ đề trong 'Tìm bạn/thày/lớp học ngoại ngữ' bởi thuy_ed, 21/09/2009.

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    6.5
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    TEST 1
    LISTENING
    Section 1, Questions 1-10 Section 3, Questions 21-30
    1 (a) taxi/cab 21 attitude(s)
    2 city centre/center 22 gender/***
    3 wait 23 c re at i v i ty/creati veness
    4 door-to-door 24 A
    5 reserve (a seat) 25 B
    6 (the) 17th(of) October 26 A
    7 12.30 27 B
    8 Thomson 28 culture
    9 AC 936 29 profit(s)
    10 3303 8450 2045 6837 ^^Sec stress/strain
    Section 2, Questions 11â?"20
    Hon 4, Qu estions 31â?"40
    11 B 31 Aprii
    12 A 32 children
    13 B 33 repeated
    14 C 34 human
    15 C 35 magic
    16 A 36 distance
    17 C 37 culture
    18 A 38 fire(s)
    19 C 39 touching
    20 B 40 intact
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    MAN: WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN: MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN;
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN: MAN:
    WOMAN: MAN:
    WOMAN: MAN:

    Hello, this is Land Transport Information at Toronto Airport. How may I help you?
    Oh, good morning. Urn, I''m flying to Toronto Airport next week, and I need to get to a town called um, Milton. Could you tell me how I can get there?
    Milton, did you say? Let me see. I think that''s about 150 miles southơwest of here. In fact it''s 147 miles to be exact, so it''ll take you at least Example - say, three to four hours by road. Wow! Is it as far as that?
    Yes, I''m afraid so. But you have a number of options to get you there and you can always rent a car right here at the airport, of course. Right. Well, I don''t really want to drive myself, so I''d like more information about public transport.
    OK. In that case the quickest and most comfortable is a cab and of QI course there are always plenty available. But it''ll cost you. You can also take a Greyhound bus or there''s an Airport Shuttle Service to Milton.
    Hmmm, I think for that kind of distance a cab would be way beyond my budget. But the bus sounds OK. Can you tell me how much that would cost?
    Sure. Let''s see, that would be SI 5 one way, or $27.50 return, . . that''s on the Greyhound.
    Oh, that''s quite cheap - great! But whereabouts does it stop in Milton?
    It goes directly from the airport here to the City Centre and it''s pretty Q2
    fast. But you have to bear in mind that there is only one departure a
    day, so it depends what time your flight gets in.
    Oh, of course. Hang on, we''re due to get there at 11.30 am.
    Hmmm, too bad, the bus leaves at 3.45, so you would have quite a Q3
    wait - more than 4 hours.
    Oh, I see. Well, what about the Shuttle you mentioned?
    OK. That''s the Airport Shuttle that will take you from the airport
    right to your hotel or private address. It''s a door-to-door service and it Q4
    would suit you much better, because there''s one every two hours.
    So how much does that cost?
    Let''s see. Yeah, that''s $35 one way, $65 return, so I guess it''s a bit more expensive than the Greyhound.

    WOMAN: Oh, that doesn''t sound too bad, especially if it''ll take me straight to
    the hotel.
    MAN: But you do need to reserve a seat. Q5
    WOMAN: OK, is it possible to make a booking right now? Through you?
    MAN: Sure.

    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN: MAN:
    WOMAN; MAN:
    WOMAN: MAN:
    WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN:
    WOMAN: WMAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN: MAN:
    WOMAN:

    OK, I just have to fill this form out for you. So what date do you want to book this for?
    The 16th of October - oh, no, sorry, that''s my departure date. I arrive Q6 on the 17th, so book it for then, please.
    So, that''s the Toronto Airport Shuttle to Milton. And this is for just one person or ... ? Yes, just me, please.
    Right. And you said your expected time of arrival was 11.30? So if I book your Shuttle for after 12.00 - let''s say, 12.30: that should give Q7 you plenty of time to, you know, collect your baggage, maybe grab a coffee?
    Yeah, that sounds fine, as long as we land on time! Well, we''ll take your flight details so you don''t need to worry too much about that. Now, what about the fare? What sort of ticket do you want? One way or . ..?
    Yes, that''ll be fine, provided I can book the return trip once I''m there.
    No problem - just allow a couple of days in advance to make sure you
    get a seat. And what''s your name, please?
    Janet, Janet Thomson.
    Is that Thompson spelt with a ''p*?
    No, it''s T-H-O-M-S-O-N. Q8
    OK. And you''ll be coming from the UK? What flight will you be travelling on?
    Oh, it''s Air Canada flight number AC936, from London Heathrow. Q9 Right. Now, do you know where you''ll be staying? We need to give the driver an address.
    Yes, it''s called the Vacation Motel - and I think it''s near the town centre. Anyway, the address is 24, Kitchener Street - that''s KITCHENER Street.
    That''s fine. Right, so that''s $35 to pay please. Have you got your cre*** card number there?
    Yes, it''s a VISA card, and the number is 3303 8450 2045 6837, Q10
    OK. Well, that seems to be everything. Have a good trip and we''ll see you in Toronto next week! Yes, bye - oh, thanks for your help!
    SECTION 2
    Thank you all for coming to my talk this evening. It''s nice to see so many people in the audience. For those of you who don''t know very much about PS Camping, let me start by giving you some background information about the company.
    The company started twenty-five years ago. It actually opened as a retail chain selling camping equipment, and then twenty years ago, it bought a small number of campsites in Qll the UK, and began offering camping holidays. The company grew rapidly and has been providing holidays in continental Europe for the last fifteen years.
    If you book a camping holiday with us, you''ll have a choice of over three hundred sites. In
    Italy we now have some 64 sites that we either own, or have exclusive use of. France is where Q12
    we have the majority of sites, and we currently have a project to expand into Switzerland.
    We also have a number of sites in Northern Spain, particularly in the mountainous region
    of Picos de Europa. We''ve upgraded all these Spanish sites, and improved them considerably
    from their original three-star rating.
    We believe our holidays offer superb facilities for the whole family. Parents who want their children to be fully occupied for all or part of the day can take advantage of our children''s activities These are organised by our well-qualified and enthusiastic staff. Each day kicks off with a sports match, perhaps football, or volleyball, followed by an hour of drama for QI3 everyone. This may include singing or dancing, mime or other activities. In the afternoon, there''s a different art activity for each day of the week including a poster competition or model making. What''s more, our sites are truly child-friendly, and, with this in mind, we operate a no-noise rule in the evenings. Children''s evening activities usually finish at 9.30, or occasionally 10, and from i 0.30 holiday-makers are expected to be quiet in the areas where Q14 there are tents.
    We want nothing to go wrong on a PS Camping holiday, but if it does, we also want all customers to be insured. If you haven''t organised an annual insurance policy of your own you''ll need to take out the low-cost cover we offer and we require that you arrange this Q15 when you make your holiday reservation.
    There are many advantages to choosing PS Camping, and to recommending it to others. As a regular customer, you''ll be kept informed of special offers, and your friends can benefit from ten per cent off their holiday, or book a luxury tent for the price of a standard one. In return, we''ll send you a thank-you present, which you can choose from a list of high-quality items. Q16
    When it comes to our tents, these are equipped to the highest standard. We really do think of every essential detail, from an oven and cooking rings fuelled by bottled gas, to mirrors in the bedroom areas. If you don''t want to cook indoors, you can borrow a barbecue if you ask in Q/7 advance for one to be made available, and there''s even a picnic blanket to sit on outside your
    tent. Inside, a box of games and toys can be found, and children''s tents can be hired if
    required. All tents have a fridge, and if yon want to spend the day on the beach, for example,
    ask for a specially designed PS Camping cool box, which will keep your food and drinks Ql 9
    chilled. There are excellent washing facilities at all our sites, with washing machines and
    clothes lines in the central areas, along with mops and buckets in case your tent needs Q2Q
    cleaning during your stay. All sites have a cafe and/or a shop for those who''d rather ''eat in'' than dine at a local restaurant.
    SECTION 3

    TUTOR:
    PHILIP:
    TUTOR: PHILIP:
    TUTOR: PHILIP:

    Well, you''ve both been looking at different styles of managing individuals in companies and the workplace. How''s the research going, Philip?
    Well, I''ve been looking at why individualism, I mean individual differences, are such an important area of management studies. When you think about any organization, be it a family business or a multinational company, they are all fundamentally a group of people working together. But it''s what these individuals contribute to their places of work that makes you realize how important they are. Of course they bring different ideas, but it''s also their attitudes and their experiences of learning. Diversity is important in these areas too. So why do people behave so differently from one another at work? There are lots of reasons but research has shown a lot of it comes down to personality. And the other factor is gender. It''s a well known fact that men and women do lots of things in different ways, and the workplace is no different.
    Did you look at the effects of this variation on companies? Yes, I did. On the positive side, exposure *****ch diversity helps encourage creativity which is generally an asset to a company. But unfortunately individual differences are also the root of conflict between staff and they can lead to difficulties for management, which can sometimes be serious.

    Q21
    Q22
    Q23

    TUTOR: Thanks, Philip. So now I guess the two main things to remember here
    are to identify individual talent and then to utilize it. So Janice, you were looking at identifying different talents in workers. Do you think this is easy for managers to do?
    JANICE: Well, currently teamwork is in fashion in the workplace and in my
    opinion the importance of the individual is generally neglected. What managers should be targeting is those employees who can take the Q24 lead in a situation and are not afraid to accept the idea of responsibility.
    TUTOR: That''s true Janice but unfortunately many managers think the entire
    notion of encouraging individuality amongst their staff is far too hard.

    JANICE:
    TUTOR:
    JANICE:
    TUTOR: JANICE:
    TUTOR: JANICE:
    TUTOR:
    PHILIP:
    TUTOR: PHILIP:
    TUTOR: PHILIP:
    TUTOR:

    Yes, that may be true but I think one of the most important tasks of managers is to consider the needs of the individual on one hand and group co-operation and conformity on the other. It requires creative thinking on the part of management to avoid tension. So Janice, what kind of people do you think companies should be looking for?
    Well, it has to start from the very beginning when companies are
    looking for new employees. When the personnel department is
    choosing between applicants they need to look for someone who''s
    broken the mould and can think for themselves. Instead, people Q26
    making these decisions often use a range of psychological tests to see
    if a person is a problem solver, or will do as they''re told. I''m not
    convinced these qualities are actually the most important.
    So do you think being a good team player is overrated?
    No, it''s not overrated. You do need to learn the rules and learn them
    fast. No individual can get around this if you''re working in an
    organization.
    So how should managers deal with this?
    Rewards. When an individual demonstrates the behaviour the
    organisation expects, some kind of incentive can be given. What''s
    important here is that this happens right at the beginning so new Q27
    recruits learn the rules of the system immediately. Also the incentive
    should be something the individual actually wants, and this isn''t
    always just money.
    To come back to you, Philip. You were saying that recognition of good performers is essential. What else should managers be looking for?
    Well, managing people means you not only have an understanding of
    your employees, but you also recognise the culture of the Q28
    organization. In fact, for some organizations creativity and
    individuality may be the last thing they want to see during working
    hours!
    Very true.
    Yes, but managing people isn''t as easy as it looks. For example,
    change in the workplace can be quite tricky, especially if there''s a need
    to increase profit. And at times like these managers may have to give
    priority to profit rather than individual staff needs. Q29
    Yes, and that creates difficult situations for people. Yes but what''s important is that managers are able to deal with quite high levels of personal stress. During times of change they should be thinking not only about the strain on their staff but take time out to Q30 think of themselves.
    Absolutely. So what are the implications of that for. . .

    SECTION 4
    Good afternoon, everyone!
    This is the first seminar in preparation for our archaeological fieldwork in Namibia; we are fantastically lucky to have received partial research funding for this trip from our Institute, so I shall expect 200% attention and participation from you all. First in this seminar, I''m going to give a brief introduction to contemporary research on rock art, and in the second part I''m going to give you some do''s and don''ts for our fieldwork trip in April - so please Q31 listen very carefully.
    I''m first going to focus on the interpretation of rock art in Namibia. We are very fortunate to be going to an area where you can find some of the most important sites in the entire world. And 1 hope to show you how easy it is for everyone to make mistakes in looking at cultures which are different from our own - the first and most important lesson we have to learn.
    In Namibia there are both paintings and engravings - that''s where the surface of the rock is
    cut out. Many of the engravings show footprints of animals and most scholars used to think
    that the purpose of these was simple and obvious: this rock art was like a school book with
    pictures to teach children about tracks: which track belonged to which animal - giraffe, lion Q32
    andsoon. ^
    But there were some mysteries. First, when you look at a typical Namibian painting or engraving, you see the tracks are repeated, there are dozens of tracks for the same animal. Q33 You''d expect just one clear illustration if the reason - the aim - was to teach tracking.
    Now there were two more problems. Why are some of the engravings of animals very accurate as you''d expect - all clearly identifiable - and others quite unrealistic?
    And another mystery - some of these unrealistic animals - that''s in the engravings - seem to be half human. Some, for example, have got human faces. Many researchers now think Q34 that these were pictures the wise men engraved of themselves. They believed they could use Q35 magic to control the animals they had drawn, so the hunters could then catch them for food.
    This shows you some of the dangers of coming from one culture to another, as we''ll be doing, without understanding it fully. Scholars imagined that children looked at rock art pictures to learn to track - just because they themselves had learnt skills from pictures; many researchers now believe that rock art had a much more complex purpose And we''ll talk more about it next week!
    Now before I invite you to join in a discussion in this second part of the seminar, I''d like to make some very important points about our fieldwork - and in fact any field trip to look at rock art.


    We''re going to a number of sites, and we won''t always be together. The single largest problem faced by people who manage the sites is - yes, I''m sure you''ve guessed - damage caused by visitors, even though it''s usually unintentional.
    Whenever you do go to a site, don''t forget you can learn many things from observing at a Q36 distance instead of walking all over it. This can really help to reduce visitor pressure. People often say, ''Well, there''s only two of us and just this one time'', but maybe thousands of people are saying the same thing.
    And then some basic rules to guide you - we''ll have our own camp near a village, but remember never to camp on a site if you go on your own. It may be disrespectful to the people of that culture, and certainly don''t make fires, however romantic it may seem. It''s Q37 really dangerous in dry areas, and you can easily burn priceless undiscovered material by Q38 doing so.
    So, how are we going to enjoy the rock art on our field trip? By looking at it, drawing it and photographing it - NEVER by touching it or even tracing it. Rock art is fragile and precious. Q39
    Remember that climbing on rocks and in ****s can destroy in a moment what has lasted for centuries. So no heroics in Namibia, please! Try to be extra careful and help others to be too.
    And lastly please don''t even move rocks or branches to take photographs - you should leave Q40 the site intact - I''m sure I can rely on you to do that.
    Well, that''s about all I want to say before today''s first discussion, but if you have any questions please ask them now - and don''t forget you''ll find some fascinating information about world-wide sites on the Internet. Right, first question then?
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    thuy_ed Thành viên rất tích cực

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    6.0, bài này nhiều spelling mistakes quá Trung ạ
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    7.0, hôm nay vẫn thế Hà nhé, chị nghĩ là lúc sau đằng nào em cũng nhận đc mes nên lúc em nhắn chị ko rep
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    Section 1, Questions 1â?"10

    Section 3, Questions 21-30

    Section 4, Questions 31-40
    Section 2, Questions 11-20 11 City Bridge
    12 Newtown 31 C
    13 6.30 32 B
    14 (formal) garden 33 C
    15 (Tower) Restaurant 34 A
    16 view(s) 35 A
    17 history 36 2 directions
    18 7 screen 37 confident
    19 every 20 minutes 38 vision
    20 (from/the) Central Station 39 corrections
    40 balance
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    SECTION 1

    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:

    Hello . . . motor insurance department. . .
    Oh hello ,..... I''d like to ask about insurance for my car.
    Yes, of course. I''ll just take a few details. What''s your name?
    Patrick Jones.
    And your address?
    Ifs 27 Bank Road.
    27 Bank Road. Is that in Greendale?
    Yes.

    Example
    Q}

    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:

    And what''s your daytime phone number?
    My work number is 730453.
    And could I ask what your occupation is?
    Dentist.

    m

    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN;
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN:

    OK . . . now a few details about your car . . . What size is the engine? It''s 1200 ccs.
    Thank you . . . and the make and model? It''s a Hewton Sable.
    Could you spell the model name please? Yes . , . S-A-B-L-E.
    Ah yes . . . thanks. And when was it made? 1997.
    Lovely . . . right... I presume you''ve had a previous insurer? Yes.
    Right... we need to know the name of the company. Yes ... it was Northern Star.
    Thank you, and have you made any insurance claims in the last five years?
    Yes. . .onein 1999,
    And what was the problem?
    It was stolen . . . but, , ,
    That''s fine, Mr Jones . . . that''s all we need to know at the moment. .

    Qi
    Q4


    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:
    MAN:
    WOMAN:

    And will there be any other named drivers? Just the one . . . And his name? Simon Paynter.
    Could you spell the surname please?
    P-A-Y-N-T-E-R. Q6
    OK thank you . . . And what relationship is he to you?
    He''s my brother-in-law. Q7
    And what will you or Mr Paynter be using the car for?
    Well. . . mainly for social use . . ,
    Social use (murmuring). Will you be using it to travel to work? Q8
    Yes . . , sometimes. . . . Anything else? No. That''s it. . .
    And finally . . . when would you like to start the insurance? I''ll need it from the 31st of January,
    Right, . . Mr Jones. . . I''m getting a couple of quotes coming up on
    the computer now . . . and the best bet looks like being with a
    company called Red Flag. Q9
    Yeah.
    And that comes out at $450 per year. . . QIO
    Well. . . that seems OK , , , it''s quite a bit lower than I''ve been paying up to now , , .
    Great... so would you like me to go ahead with that?
    Sure. . . why not?
    How would you like to pay?


    SECTION 2
    Thank you for calling the Tourist Line. There are many different ways of getting round the city and we''d like *****ggest some you may not have thought of.
    How about a city trip by boat? There are four main stopping points - from west to east: stop
    A Green Banks, stop B City Bridge, stop C Roman Landing and stop D Newtown. Qll QI2
    You can find the main booking office at stop A.
    The first boat leaves at 8 a.m. and the last one at 6.30 p.m. There are also many attractions Q13 you can visit along the river. At Stop A, if you have time, you can visit the fine 16th century palace here built for the king with its beautiful formal gardens. It''s very near the booking Q14 office. Now you can enjoy every corner of this superb residence.
    Stop B Why don''t you visit Tower Restaurant with its wide range of refreshments? This is a Q15 place where you can sit and enjoy the wonderful views over the old commercial and banking Q16 centre of the city.
    Stop C is the area where, in the first century AD, invading soldiers crossed the river; this was much shallower than it is now. That''s why this area is called Roman Landing. There''s an interactive Museum to visit here with a large shop which has a good range of local history Ql 7
    ,x-oks- A J> Vv.
    At the furthest point of the trip, stop D, the most exciting place to visit is the new Entertainment Complex with seven-screen cinema, bowling alley and video games arcade. Q18
    I
    Besides the boat tours, there are city buses. Two companies offer special services:
    The Top Bus Company runs all its tours with a live commentary in English. Tours leave
    from 8.30 a.m. every 20 minutes. There are departures from Central Station, Castle Hill Q19
    and Long Walk. This is a hop-on hop-off service and tickets are valid for 24 hours
    For further details call Top Bus on 0208 9447810.
    The Number One Sightseeing Tour is available with a commentary in eight languages. Buses depart from Central Station every five to six minutes from about 9 a.m. with the last bus at Q20 around 7 p.m. There are also Number One services with an English-speaking . . .
    SECTION 3
    INTERVIEWER: We''re pleased to welcome Dr Martin Merrywhether of the Antarctic Centre in Christchurch, New Zealand who has come along to talk to us today about the role of the Centre and the Antarctic Treaty.
    INTERVIEWER: Now my first question is about the choice of location for the centre. Why Christchurch? Was it because of the climate?

    DOCTOR:
    INTERVIEWER:
    DOCTOR:
    INTERVIEWER: DOCTOR:
    INTERVIEWER: DOCTOR:
    INTERVIEWER: DOCTOR:
    INTERVIEWER:
    DOCTOR:
    INTERVIEWER:
    DOCTOR:
    INTERVIEWER: DOCTOR:
    INTERVIEWER: DOCTOR:
    INTERVIEWER: DOCTOR:
    INTERVIEWER:

    Well actually New Zealand is the second closest country to Antarctica
    and Christchurch is often used on Antarctic expe***ions.
    Right, so it''s because of where we are . . . coupled with our historical
    role. So tell us - what is the main purpose of the centre?
    Well... we have two complementary roles. One is as a scientific base
    for expe***ions and research and the other is as an information centre.
    Tell us something about the role as a scientific base.
    We''re able to provide information about what scientists should take
    with them to the South Pole - for example, the centre contains a
    clothing warehouse where expe***ions are supplied with suitable
    clothing for the extreme con***ions.
    1 suppose you need a bit more than your normal winter coat!
    Yes, exactly and then there''s also the specialist library and mapping
    services.
    Right. And which countries are actually located at the centre?
    Well... the centre houses research programmes for New Zealand, for
    The United States as well as for Italy . . . there''s even a US post office
    at the American airforce base here.
    Really? And what does the visitor''s centre offer?
    Well, since very few people will ever experience the Antarctic first
    hand, the visitors'' centre aims to recreate the atmosphere of
    Antarctica. There''s a mock camp site where you can see inside an
    Antarctic tent and imagine yourself sleeping there. And the centre
    also acts as a showcase for the unique international co-operation
    which exists in Antarctica today.
    What is it actually like at the South Pole? 1 know you''ve been there on a number of occasions.
    Yes, I have and each time I''m struck by the awesome beauty of the place. It''s magnificent but you can really only visit it in the summer months.
    October to March.
    Yes, because it''s completely dark for four months of the year (pause) . . . and in ad***ion it has to be the coldest place on earth. Colder than the North Pole? Why''s that?
    Well, unlike the North Pole, which is actually a frozen sea, Antarctica is a land mass shaped like a dome, with the result that the winds blow down the slopes at speeds of up to 1 SO km an hour and that''s what makes it so cold. And one other interesting thing is that Antarctica is the driest continent on earth, surprisingly, and so you have to drink large amounts of water when you''re there. How old is Antarctica?
    We''re pretty sure it was part of a larger land mass but it broke away from the rest of the continent 170 million years ago. How can you be certain of this?

    Q22
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    Q25

    DOCTOR:
    INTERVIEWER:

    , . . because fossils and rocks have been discovered in Antarctica which are the same as those found in places such as Africa and Australia,
    Amazing ... To think that it was once attached to Africa . . .


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    Now let''s just have a look at the Antarctic Treaty. How far back does the idea of an international treaty go?
    Well, as far back as the 19th century, when eleven nations organised an international event. When was that exactly?
    In 1870. And it was called the Polar Research Meeting. And then, not long after that, they organised something called the First International Polar Year.
    And that took place when exactly?
    Over two years from 1882 to 1883. But it wasn''t until the 1950s that the idea of an international treaty was proposed. And in 1959 the Treaty was actually signed.
    What do you see as the main achievements of the treaty? Well, firstly it means that the continent is reserved for peaceful use. That''s Article 1, isn''t it? Yes. ..
    That''s important since the territory belongs to everyone.
    Yes but not as important as Article 5, which prohibits any nuclear
    explosions or waste disposal.
    Which is marvellous. Well, I''m afraid we''re going to have to stop there because I''m afraid we''ve run out of time. Thanks for coming along today and telling us all about the centre and its work.

    Q27 Q2B
    Q29Q30
    Q29 Q30

    SECTION 4
    My topic is handedness - whether in different sports it is better to be left- or right-sided or
    whether a more balanced approach is more successful, I''m left-handed myself and I actually
    didn''t see any relevance to my own life when I happened to start reading an article by a sports
    psychologist called Peter Matthews. He spent the first part of the article talking about
    handedness in music instead of sport, which I have to say almost put me off from reading
    further. But what I soon became struck by was the sheer volume of both observation and Q31
    investigation he had done in many different sports and I felt persuaded that what he had to
    say would be of real interest. I think Matthews'' findings will be beneficial, not so much in
    helping sportspeople to work on their weaker side, but more that they can help them Q32
    identify the most suitable strategies to use in a given game. Although most trainers know
    how important handedness is, at present they are rather reluctant to make use of the Q33
    insights scientists like Matthews can give, which I think is rather short-sighted because focusing on individual flexibility is only part of the story.


    Anyway, back to the article.
    Matthews found a German study which looked al what he called ''mixed-handedness'', that is,
    the capacity to use both left and right hands equally. It looked at mixed-handedness in 40
    musicians on a variety of instruments. Researchers examined a number of variables, e.g. type
    of instrument played, regularity of practice undertaken and length of time playing
    instrument. . . and found the following: keyboard players had high levels of mixed-
    handedness, whereas string players like cellists and violinists strongly favoured one hand.
    Also those who started younger were more mixed-handed, Q34
    Matthews also reports studies of handedness in apes. Apes get a large proportion of their food by ''fishing'' ants from ant hills. The studies show that apes, like humans, show handedness - though for them right- and left-handedness is about equal, whereas about 85% of humans are right-handed. Studies showed that apes consistently using the same hand Q35 fished out 30% more ants than those varying between the two.
    Matthews started researching several different sports and found different types of handedness in each. By the way, he uses ''handedness'' to refer to the dominant side for feet and eyes as well as hands. Anyway, his team measured the hand, feet and eyes of 2,611 players and found that there were really three main types of laterality: mixed - you work equally well on both sides - both hand and eye; single - you tend to favour one side but both hand and eye favour the same side; and cross-laterality - a player''s hands and eyes favour only one side but they are opposite sides Let''s start with hockey. Matthews found that it was best to be mixed-handed - this is because a hockey stick must be deployed in two directions - it would be a Q36 drawback to have hand or eye favouring one side. An interesting finding is that mixed-handed hockey players were significantly more confident than their single-handed counterparts. Q37 Things are slightly different in racket sports like tennis. Here the important thing is to have the dominant hand and eye on the one side. This means that there is a bigger area of vision Q38 on the side where most of the action occurs. If a player is cross lateral the racket is invisible from the dominant eye for much of the swing. It means that they can only make corrections Q39 much later. , , and often the damage has been done by then.
    And moving to a rather different type of sport which involves large but precise movements -gymnastics. It''s been found that cross hand-eye favouring is best. The predominant reason for this is because it aids balance - which is of course absolutely central to performance in this Q40 sport.

  9. thich_hong_hot

    thich_hong_hot Thành viên mới

    Tham gia ngày:
    07/01/2007
    Bài viết:
    76
    Đã được thích:
    0

    huhu... hôm cưới chị LA em cũng không đi được vì em đang ở tận trên Hòa Bình.
    Dạo này SS khỏe không? Bé Titi có ngoan không ạ?
  10. setlavie

    setlavie Thành viên mới

    Tham gia ngày:
    24/09/2006
    Bài viết:
    7
    Đã được thích:
    0
    Chị thuy có lớp dạy TOEIC k a?

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