^_^ Lớp học tiếng Anh P15-16 Mrs.Thuy(7th) ^_^

Hic, ma sao cai trang lop minh no tut doc ko phanh the, member dau het roi?

thui the la 20/10 nam nay c THUY o nha roai`!!! Bi nga xe ma!!! Toi ngip chi that!! Em se choi luon ca fa`n của chị nhé!!!

across the board- including everyone or everything
Ex:The computer company decided to give the workers an across-the-board increase in their salary.
(to sell something) at a loss- (to sell something) and lose money
Ex:We were forced to sell the computers at a loss.
to bail a company out- to help or rescue a company with financial problems
The government decided to bail out the bank in order to maintain stability in the economy.
to bankroll someone- *****pply someone with money, to finance someone
The movie actor bankrolled his son while he was producing his first movie.
a bean counter- an accountant
We asked the bean counters to look over the figures in the new budget.
a big gun/big cheese/big wheel/big wig- an important person, a leader
The new director was a big wheel in his previous company but is not so important now.
the bottom line- the total, the final figure on a balance sheet, results
When we examined the bottom line of the company we decided not to invest in it.
the bottom line- the central issue of a discussion
My friends wanted to open a small restaurant but for me the bottom line was that if we didn''t do some research I didn''t want to invest any money.
to bottom out- to reach the lowest or worst point of something
The value of the stock has begun to bottom out and should soon begin to increase in value.
the boys in the backroom- a group of men making decisions behind the scenes
The boys in the backroom told us that we must close down the factory as soon as possible.
to break even- to have expenses equal to profits
After only three months the company was able to break even and started to make a profit.
a budget squeeze/crunch- a situation where there is not enough money in the budget
We have been going through a severe budget squeeze at our company and must stop wasting money.
to buy a stake in something- to buy part ownership of a company or other enterprise
The large bank is planning to buy a stake in the small stock trading company.
to buy off (someone)- to use a gift or money to divert someone from their duty or purpose (sometimes similar to a bribe and therefore illegal)
The land developer tried to buy off the politician but he was not successful.
to buy out (someone or something)- to buy the ownership or a majority share of something
The large company decided to buy out the small textile company.
to call a meeting to order- to start a meeting
Our supervisor called the meeting to order when everyone arrived in the conference room.
a captain of industry- a top corporation officer
The president of our company was a captain of industry and after he retired he was appointed to many government boards.
to close the books- to stop taking orders, to end a bookkeeping period
They usually close the books at the end of December every year.
(to make) a cold call- to visit or telephone a potential but unknown customer from a list of people
When he first started to work at his company he was asked to make cold calls from the telephone book.
a company man- a person who always works hard and agrees with his employers or company
My father was a company man and always put in an extra effort for his company.
a company town- a town dominated by one industry or company
When the coal mine closed the company town faced severe economic times.
to cut a deal- to make a business arrangement or contract
I was able to cut a deal with the contractor and we paid very little for our new kitchen.
to cut back- to use fewer or use less of something
The company has been cutting back on entertainment expenses recently.
to cut corners- to economize
We have been forced to economize on stationary expenses during these severe economic times.
to cut off- to interrupt or stop
The speech by the president was cut off when the electricity went off in the building.
to cut one''s losses- to do something in order to stop losing money/time etc.
We should sell the old machinery as soon as possible and try to cut our losses.
to deliver the goods- *****cceed in doing a good job of what is expected
The new manager is not very popular but he is able to deliver the goods.
to double-check (something)- to check something again to confirm if it is correct
We were unable to double-check the costs of the new products before the price list was printed.
to draw up a contract- to make/draft a contract
The lawyer spent several hours drawing up a contract.
the face value (of something)- the official value or worth of something
Although the face value of the postage stamp was very low it sold at the auction for much money.
fair play- justice, equal and correct action toward someone
The company is very good to work for as they always use fair play when they are bargaining with their employees.
to figure (something) out- to find an answer by thinking about something
Everyone is trying to figure out what our boss is going to do with the new equipment.
to fill the bill- to be just what is needed
That new machine should fill the bill for what we need to finish the job.
(to have one''s) finger in the pie- to be involved in something, to receive money for something
The new manager has his finger in the pie of many small businesses.
to get a break- to get an opportunity or good deal
We were able to get a break on the price of the paint and saved much money.
to get a raise- to get an increase in one''s salary
My sister worked hard and quickly got a raise in her new job.
to get off the ground- to make a successful beginning
We were unable to get the new product off the ground but we will try again next year.
to give (someone) the green light- to give permission to go ahead with a project
Our boss gave us the green light to begin work on the new sales campaign.
to go belly up- to go out of business because of financial problems
The small computer company went belly up several months ago.
to go over the books- to check and analyze the accounting records of a company
We hired an outside accountant to go over the books.
to go public- to sell shares of a privately owned company to the public
The stock of the Internet company rose very quickly after they went public.
to go through with (something)- to finish, to do as planned or as agreed
We have decided not to go through with our plans to build the new product until we solve several problems.
to hang out one''s shingle- to open one''s own business (usually as a professional)
Our neighbor decided to hang out his shingle as a dentist soon after he finished school.
to have a stake in something- to have part ownership of a company or other business
The oil company has a stake in the new undersea oil exploration company.
to have the floor- to have permission to speak in a meeting
The president had the floor for almost an hour during the meeting.
heads will roll- someone will be punished
Heads will roll when our boss learns about the money that we have lost.
in black and white- in writing
The company refused to deal with the customer''s complaints until they were in black and white.
(to be) in charge of (someone or something)- to be in control of someone or something, to be responsible for someone or something
My sister has been in charge of buying supplies at her company for many years.
(to be) in short supply- to not have enough, to be less than the amount or number needed
Experienced computer programmers are in short supply in our company.
(to be) in stock- to have something ready to sell or use
The store didn''t have any printer ribbons in stock.
(to be) in the black- to be successful or to be making money
The new company has been in the black for many years now.
in the long run- over a long period of time
The company has been losing money recently but in the long run they should do very well.
(to be) in the loop- to be involved or taking part in a job or in information sharing with one''s colleagues etc.
I began to work in the evenings and was no longer in the loop at our company.
(to be) in the market for (something)- to be ready to buy something
We have been in the market for a new computer for a long time.
(to be) in the red- to be losing money, to be unprofitable

The company has been in the red since the price of oil began to rise rapidly.
(to be) in the works- to be in preparation, to be in the process of being planned or developed
The camera company has a new automatic camera in the works but nobody knows about it.
to jack up (the price of something)- to make a price higher
The steel company decided to jack up the price of steel at the beginning of the year.
to keep books- to keep records of money gained and spent
The new sales manager has no experience to keep books and has made many mistakes.
a kickback- an amount of money paid illegally for favorable treatment
The construction company was giving kickbacks to the local politicians.
to land an account- to acquire an account
The salesman landed a large account on his first day of work.
to lay something on the table- to present a matter for discussion
I went to the meeting and laid my concerns about the new product on the table.
lead time- the time available to prepare for an event or put a product on the market
The lead time to get a book published is sometimes very long.
a line of products- a group/category of products that are similar to each other
Our company will introduce a new line of products in the autumn.
liquid assets- property or belongings that can easily be converted into cash
The company had to sell some of its liquid assets in order to raise cash.
to make a go of (something)- to produce good results, *****cceed
Although he works very hard in his small business he cannot make a go of it and may soon go out of business.
to make an offer- to make a financial proposal for a product or service
We want to buy the house so we plan to make an offer on Saturday.
to make money hand over fist- to make a lot of money on a continuous basis
The small ice cream shop has been making money hand over fist since it first opened.
to mean business- to be serious
Our boss means business when he tells everyone to work harder.
to move to do something- to propose to do something
I moved to have another meeting next week when we were able to gather more information.
a number cruncher- an accountant, someone who works with numbers
Our president is a good number cruncher and understands the finances of our company.
(to be) on hand- to be in one''s possession, to be ready
We didn''t have enough supplies on hand and were unable to finish the job.
(to buy something) on cre***- to buy something without paying cash
My friend had no money so he decided to buy the furniture on cre***.
(to be/go) on the block- to be for sale, to go on sale
As soon as we bought the company we began to put some of the equipment on the block.
out-of-pocket (expenses)- the direct expenses that one must personally pay
I was out-of-pocket a lot of money when I decided to change jobs.
(to be) out of the loop- to be not involved or taking part in a job or in information sharing with one''s colleagues etc.
I was out of the loop during the negotiations and did not know what was going on.
to outsource (something)- to use outside sources rather than those within a company or its facilities
The manufacturing company outsourced many of their products to several cities in Asia.
to overnight (something)- to send a document or package somewhere for delivery the next day
We decided to overnight the new contract to our supplier.
a piece/slice of the action- a share in the activity or the profits of something
The inventor wanted a large piece of the action from the new computer that he had invented.
to plug a product- to promote a product
The soccer star makes a lot of money when he agrees to plug a product.
a preferred customer- a customer who does much business with you and who you give special discounts to
The man is a preferred customer and always gets his products soon after he orders them.
to put one''s nose to the grindstone- to work diligently
I put my nose to the grindstone and finished the job before the weekend.
to put (someone) on hold- to disconnect someone temporarily from the telephone
I phoned the bank but they put me on hold for twenty minutes before someone spoke to me.
to put (something) on hold- to postpone a project
The construction project was put on hold while they researched the problem with the bridge.
to put (someone) through- to transfer someone to someone else''s telephone
I phoned the cre*** card company and they quickly put me through to a supervisor.
red ink- debt (the red ink on a financial statement)
The automobile company has been drowning in red ink because of the bad economic con***ions.
red tape- rules and regulations that seem unnecessary (often from the government)
There is a lot of red tape when you try to start up a new business.
to rule someone out of order- to rule that someone is not following the rules of a meeting
The chairwoman ruled the salesman out of order when he began to disrespect the other members who were attending the meeting.
to run an ad- to place/put an advertisement in a publication
The government decided to run an ad to tell the public about the new gas tax.
to run short- to not have enough of something
They ran short of gasoline at the gas station and had to close early.
(to be) saddled with debt- to be burdened with debt
Our company is saddled with debt and must do something about it quickly.
to second a motion- to agree with a proposal
I seconded the motion where we decided to start one hour early every morning during the summer.
to sell like hotcakes- to sell very quickly
The children''s toys were selling like hotcakes at the end of the year.
to strike while the iron is hot- to take advantage of an opportunity
I decided to strike while the iron was hot and applied for the job as soon as I heard about it.
a sweetheart deal- a deal made between friends so that both may make a big profit
We made a sweetheart deal with our landlord and got our rent reduced.
to take a nosedive- to collapse, to fail, to decrease in value
The stock market took a nosedive when the earnings of the oil company decreased.
to take a pay cut- to accept a decrease in one''s salary

The telephone workers were forced to take a pay cut after the strike.
to take on (someone)- to give a job to someone or to hire someone
The company took on many new workers during the busy holiday season.
to take over- to take control or possession of something, to take charge or responsibility of something
The government decided to take over the bank after it declared bankruptcy.
to take (a company) public- to sell shares in a company to the general public
We decided to take our company public in order to raise money to expand our factory.
to take (something) at face value- to take something that is said on its surface
I took what my friend said at face value.
to take stock- to count the items of merchandise or supplies in stock, to take inventory
The department store closes down for three days every March in order to take stock.
to throw cold water on (something)- to discourage or forbid something
The manager threw cold water on the plan to close down the factory for one week in August.
to throw money at (something)- to try to solve a problem by spending money on it
The president of our company is willing to throw a lot of money at the problem to try and solve it.
a tight spot- a difficult situation
The computer company has been in a tight spot since the shortage of computer chips appeared.
to turn a profit- to make a profit
The supermarket has been turning a profit since the day that it opened.
turnover- the selling and replacing of an amount of goods, the replacement of workers
The turnover of workers in the restaurant business is very high.
to turn over- to buy and then sell something to customers
We turned over most of our stock last month.
to work out- to plan, to develop
I spent the weekend trying to work out the budget estimates for next year.
to work overtime- to work more than one''s regular hours
I had to work overtime every Friday last month.
to write off (a loan/debt)- to remove from a business record, to cancel a debt
It was impossible for the bank to collect the money so they were forced to write off the loan.

Candidate: Good morning.
Interviewer: Good morning. Sit down, please. Could you tell me your name?
Candidate: My name is Wang Jian.
Interviewer: Does your name have a special meaning?
Candidate: Yes, Wang is my family name. It means ?oking? in Chinese. This is a very common family name in China. My first name, Jian means ?ohealthy? in Chinese. So I think my parets expected to have a very healthy child.
Interviewer: Has your name affected your personality?
Candidate: Yes, I think so. Iam very healthy ad strong. And I also have a strong personality.
Interviewer: That?Ts very interesting. Could you tell me something about your family?
Candidate: Yes. There are 3 people I my family- my wife, my son and myself. My son is 2 years old. He is a lovely and very clever boy.He has my wifê?Ts features: same eyes, same nose and same mouth. He goes to a day-care not far from my home. My wife is a university teacher of computer science.
Interviewer: When did you get married?
Candidate: About 4 years ago.
Interviewer: Would you describe your wedding to me?
Candidate: Yes. Our wedding was very simple. I remember my wife was wearing a red sweater and I was wearing a black suit on our wedding day. We just invited the family members on both sides and some very good frieds to have a big dinner party at a restaurant. And then we went to Hainan Island to spend our honeymoon. We wanted to escape the cold weather in Beijing. Hainan is in the south of China. It is hot all the year round. We spent a lot of time on the beautiful beaches.
Interviewer: It sounds like you had a woderful time there. Well, Iam very interested in the tra***ional wedding ceremony in China. Could you tell me something about it?
Interviewer: Well, that?Ts a very difficult question. You know, China is a very large country, so wedding ceremonies differ from place to place. Weddings in the coutryside are also different from weddings in cities. Maybe you have seen a tra***ional one in movies or o TV. At a very tra***ional Chinese wedding, the bride wears red clothes, because red is the symbol of happiness. The bridegroom wears a long robe.
Interviewer: So the bride is in red.
Candidate: Yes. That?Ts right. And the head of the bride is covered with a red scarf which will be taken off only by the bridegroom after the wedding ceremoney in the bridal chamber. The bride is taken to the bridegroom?Ts home by a sedan chair. At the ceremony, the bride and the bridegroom bow down before the parents of the bridegroom and all the guests, and also bow down to eacth other. And then a big dinner follows to treat all the guests. It is the bridegroom?Ts family that pays for the wedding and gives a dowry to the bride. In the past, marriage was arranged by parents.
Interviewer: Could you tell me how they did that?
Candidate: Yes. They asked friends, relatives or even a matchmaker if they knew anybody and found out about their educatio, their background and most importantly the family?Ts background. They got all the informatio about the family. Then the parents chose a suitable person for their son or daughter and arranged the time for them to get married. They didn?Tt marry for love. They just wanted to get married. That was awful ad could lead to a bad marriage. The young couple ever dated, and they met for the first time on the day of the wedding. But now things are totally different. Young people are free to choose their lovers. There are many ways for young people to meet and start dating. And as for the wedding ceremony, it seems that the tra***ional Chinese wedding is dying out, especially in cities. Nowadays, a bride is take to her husband?Ts home by a luxury car and wears a white wedding dress at the ceremony. The bridegroom wears a suit. There are drinks and wedding cakes at the ceremony. This is influenced by Western culture, I suppose.
Interviewer: That sounds very interesting. Now I?Tll give you a card with a particular topic on it. I?Td like you to talk about it. You will have to talk about the topic for 1-2 minutes. You can make notes to help you if you wish. Now you have 1 minute to think about what you are going to say:
Describe a trip you are planning for your holiday.
You should say:
What place you are planning to go to
When will you go to that place
How you will go there
And explain what made you decide to go there.
(Give the candidate 1 minute to prepare for it)
Interviewer: Are you ready to start?
Candidate: Yes. Iam planning to go to London for my holiday. I?Tll go there with a group of tourists in early June. It?Ts a package tour. Wê?Tll travel to London by plane. It?Tll take us about 10 hours to get there. It is a non-stop flight.
Interviewer: What made you decide to go to London?
Candidate: Well, I ?~ve learned a lot about Londo from books. Now I want to see it in person. Londo is one of the most exciting cities in the world. There is plety to see and to do there. London has many beautiful old buildings and monuments. Everybody knows that London is famous for its many theatres. It also has many excellent restaurats serving food from almost every country in the world. I wat to see Buckingham Palace and the Changing of the Guard, Big Ben, the Houses of Parliament and Westminister Abbey. I?Tll visit the Trafalgar Square, the Art Gallery, the British Museum and Madame Tussaud?Ts. I hope to have a river trip down the Thames towards the Tower of London and see the Beefeaters- the tra***ional guards of the tower.
Interviewer: That sounds exciting. Now I?Td like you to say something about the tourism industry in China.
Candidate: Well, That?Ts a very big questio. Tourism has become a very important industry in China and it has developed rapidly. As China is a very large country in the world and has a 5000 year history, there are a lot of attractions, such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, Tian?Tanmen Square, the picturesque Hangzhou and Guilin, the highest mountain in the world- Everest, the mysterious place- Tibet, the historic city Xi?Tan and many other beautiful places. So your visit to China will be one of discoveries and it will be a very memorable experience. There are many travel agencies and tourist information centres that offer all sorts of different holidays. Travelling has become easier and faster. You can fly in comfortable planes and stay in good hotels. There is also a very good train service. You?Tll see much more of the country if you travel by train. In recent years, the number of tourists visitig China has increased greatly. It seems that more and more people in the world are interested in China.
Interviewer: Could you tell me about the advantages of the development of the tourism industry?
Candidate: Yes, I think there are many advantages. Tourism is a very imortant business nowadays. The most important one is that tourists bring a very large amount of foreign money to the countries they visit. This has had an important effect on the economy of many countries. It helps the economic development and creates jobs, such as jobs in hotels, bus drivers, and restaurant workers. When people have jobs, they have money to spend and that will create other jobs ad new businesses. I think tourism also increases international understanding and friendship between peoples of different countries.
Interviewer: Do you think tourists also bring problems to the countries they visit?
Candidate: Of course. Having so many visitors can be difficult. Sometimes tourism makes prices rise a lot. Shops can charge more food and other things. Also, jobs that tourism creates usually are low- paying ones, and often only for the summer. During the winter the hotels may stand empty. Beautiful places ad beaches are sometimes destroyed by tall hotels, large roads and buildings. There is oe other problem- the environmental problem. More people means more pollution. There will be pollution from the cars and buses. There will be garbage on beaches and streets. Tourists can also bring bad ideas and diseases.
Interviewer: Yes. Everything has its two sides. Although there are problems, the world traffic of tourists grows and every year there are new places to visit. OK. It?Ts nice talking with you. I wish you good luck with your future.
Candidate: Thank you.

Bài thi Đọc trong kỳ thi IELTS kéo dài 60?T gồm 3 bài đọc,có thể bao gồm hình ảnh,đồ thị,bảng biểu hay biểu đồ.Những bài đọc có độ dài khác nhau,từ khoảng 500-1000 từ.Toàn bộ 3 bài khoảng 1500-2500 từ.Mỗi bài đọc có 1 số dạng câu hỏi khác nhau,xuất hiện ở trước hoặc sau bài đọc.Thông thường thì bài đọc và câu hỏi khó dần lên từ bài đọc 1 đến bài đọc 3.
Chúng ta luôn luôn đọc những hướng dẫn cho mỗi phần của bài thi đọc.Chẳng hạn như giới hạn từ trong 1 bài tập hoàn chỉnh câu(sentence completion) có thể thay đổi ở mỗi bài tập.Trong 1 bài tập tìm đầu đề thích hợp (heading matching) ta có thể sẽ phải dùng các đầu đề nhiều hơn 1 lần).
Định Thời gian:
Đa phần học sinh đạt điểm thấp hơn mong muốn trong bài thi IELTS này vì dành quá nhiều thời gian cho 1 số phần và không làm hết được bài thi.Việc cố gắng làm hết bài thi là quan trọng,ta không có thời gian để đọc và thưởng thức các bài đọc,thay vào đó ta nên học cách nắm bắt những gì câu hỏi yêu cầu và trả lời càng nhanh càng tốt.
Đối với nhiều học sinh,việc định thời gian làm bài là cả 1 vấn đề.Họ cảm thấy khó khăn khi phải bỏ qua 1 câu hỏi không trả lời được.Đây là điều dễ hiểu nhưng lại là điều nguy hiểm trong kì thi IELTS.Thưoif gian mất vào việc trả lời 1 câu hỏi khó có thể được dành để trả lời 2,3 hay nhiều câu hỏi dễ hơn.Sau đó chúng ta có thể trở lại những câu hỏi khó đã bỏ qua.
Chủ đề
Chủ đề bài học rất đa dạng,nhưng tất cả đều mang tính học thuật.Có nhiều người hoảng hốt trước những bài đọc về chủ để mà họ không biết gì về nó cả.Nhưng điều quan trọng cần nhớ là đáp án cho mọi câu hỏi đều có trong chính bài đọc.Chúng ta không cần có chút kiến thức nào về chủ đề đó cũng có thể trả lời được các câu hỏi.Bài thị được biên soạn nhằm kiểm tra khả năng đọc hiểu của bạn chứ không phải kiến thức của bạn về 1 chủ đề đặc biệt nàoo đó.
Dạng câu hỏi:
Ta có thể phải trả lời câu hỏi thuộc những dạng sau:
Nối 2 phần của 1 câu:
Trong dạng câu hỏi này,ta phải nối 2 phần của 1 câu đã được chia đôi.Điểm chính yếu ở đây là câu hoàn chỉnh sẽ tóm tắt thông tin trong bài đọc.Câu này có thể là lời diễn giải bài đọc,vì vậy chúng ta phải tìm những từ đồng nghĩa với câu trong bài tập.
Pahir đảm bảo cho ngữ pháp của 2 phần tương xứng.
Hoàn chỉnh câu,tổng kết,biểu đồ,bảng biểu,biểu đồ phát triển,ghi chú:
Trong dạng bài này,ta phải hoàn chỉnh câu hay đoạn văn bằng cách dùng 1 số lượng từ được giới hạn được lấy từ bài đọc.Tìm câu trả lời đơn giản chỉ là việc dò trong bài đọc để tìm những thông tin cụ thể.Dạng câu hỏi này thường được dùng để kiểm tra xem bạn có nhận ra 1 số chi tiết nào đó không.Chú ý rằng nội dung hỏi trong bài tập này,cũng như trong những dạng câu hỏi khác,có thể là diễn giải của bài đọc.Vì vậy,ta không nên lúc nào cũng tìm kiếm trong bài đọc những từ giống như trong câu đã cho,mà nên tìm ý của câu được thể hiện theo 1 cách khác.
Ta nên luôn luôn kiểm tra giới hạn từ,có thể là 1,2,3,hay 4 từ.Cũng nên nhớ luôn kiểm tra để bảo đảm những từ ta chọn phù hợp với ngữ pháp của các câu.
Trả lời ngắn cho những câu hỏi mở:
Dạng BT này tương tự như dạng BT trên,ta phải dò trong bài đọc để tinmf 1 nội dung cụ thể.Luôn nhớ kiểm tra giới hạn từ.
Câu hỏi trắc nghiệm:
Trong phần câu hỏi trắc nghiệm(MCQ) .ta được yêu cầu chọn câu trả lời đúng trong 4 lựa chọn A,B,.C,D.Trong số 4 lựa chọn này,rõ ràng ta sẽ có 1 lựa chọn duy nhất là câu trả lời đúng.3 lựa chọn kia có thể mâu thuẫn về thông tin trong bài đọc,có thể là trình bày 1 ý trái nguwocj hay cung cấp thông tin tuy không phải trái nguwocj nhưng vẫn mâu thuẫn với bài đọc gốc.Chẳng hạn bài đọc có thể trình bày rằng có 10 ngôi nhà trong làng,nhưng 1 lựa chọn trắc nghiệm lại nói là có 20.Thông tin này rõ rằng không ngược lại những gì nêu trong bài.Nó mâu thuẫn với bài đọc gốc vì thông tin về số lượng được cho không chính xác.Điều thú vị là học sinh thường nhanh chóng nhận ra điều này trong dạng câu hỏi trắc nghiệm nhưng lại gặp khó khăn khi đến phần bài tập Yes/No/not given.
Những lựa chọn có thể đưa ra thông tin không xuất hiện trong bài đọc,hoặc có nhưng trong 1 ngữ cảnh khác.
Chú ý rằng nếu 2 lựa chọn có cùng ý nghĩa nhưng được trình bày theo những cách khác nhau thì cả 2 đều không phải là câu trả lời đúng.
Những phương pháp khác nhau để trả lời câu hỏi trắc nghiệm:
-Loại trừ những lựa chọn mà bạn nghĩ là sai để cuối cùng chỉ còn 1 khả năng.
-Đọc câu hỏi và quyết định câu trả lời trước khi đọc những lựa chọn,nghĩa là nêu câu hỏi cung cấp cho bạn đủ thông tin.Rồi đọc các lựa chọn và xem có lựa chọn nào phù hợp với câu trả lời của bạn hay không.
-Che các lựa chọn bằng 1 tờ giấy để ta chỉ nhìn thấy câu hỏi.Sau đó,ta có thể hé từng lựa chọn một.Làm như vậy ta sẽ ít bị lẫn lộn hơn.1 trong những vấn đề của câu hỏi trắc nghiệm là việc ta thấy mọi thông tin cùng 1 lúc và khó tách biệt suy nghĩ của ta,đặc biệt là dưới áp lực làm bài.
Bài tập Yes/No/Not given:
Trong những bài tập dạng này,ta phải phân tích bài đọc bằng cách trả lời liệu thông tin trình bày trong 1 chuỗi phát ngôn là đúng,là mâu thuẫn hay không được đề cập trong bài đọc.
Học sinh thường gặp khó khăn với dạng bài tập này.Sau đây đúng là 1 số gợi ý hữu ích:
-Đọc kỹ toàn bộ phát ngôn truwocs khi quyết định.
-Xem thông tin trong toàn bộ phát ngôn chứ không phải chỉ 1 phần.Chẳng hạn,trong VD sau,thông tin được cho trong phát ngôn bài tập là Yes nếu xét theo bài đọc:
Bài đọc:There was a rapid increase in motorbike sales over the period.
Bài tập: Motorbike sales rose over the period.
Ta có thể thấy ngay rằng thông tin trong câu trả lời đã không được cung cấp.Chúng ta không biết gì về tốc độ tăng cả.
-Ta phải chắc chắn nắm được 3 kiểu mâu thuẫn.Xem VD sau:
Bài đọc:There was a rapid increase in motorbike sales over the period.
Bài tập: Motorbike sales did not rise rapidly over the period.
Câu trả lời rõ ràng là không.Sự mâu thuẫn đã được thể hiện rõ trong ý phủ định.Ta xét VD kế tiếp:
Bài đọc: There was a rapid increase in motorbike sales over the period.
Bài tập: Motorbike sales rose slowly over the period.
Trong trường hợp này,ta có thể biết được câu trả lời là không.Từ slowly trái nghĩa với từ rapid.
Tuy nhiên có 1 dạng mâu thuẫn khác mà học sinh thường hay lầm lẫn với không đề cập
Bài đọc: Two types of earthworms were used to create a soil strucrure.
Bài tập: There were three types of earthworm used in creating a soil structure.
Câu trả lời rõ ràng là không.Thông tin về số loại giun đất được trình bày rõ ràng trong bài đọc,nhưng số lượng này trong phần BT lại khác.Dù chúng không trái ngược nhưng chúng vẫn mâu thuận nhau.
Điền vào chỗ trống:
Có 2 dạng cơ bản:
-1 bài tóm tắt bài đọc hoặc 1 phần của bài đọc với 1 số chỗ trống mà ta phải điền vào bằng 1 từ hay 1 cụm từ danh sách từ cho sẵn.
-1 bài tóm tắt với 1 số chỗ trống không có danh sách từ cho sẵn mà bạn phải điền vào bằng những từ hoặc cụm từ cho chọn trong bài đọc.
Có nhiều kỹ thuật khác nhau để làm loại BT này và có lẽ là bạn cũng đã có 1 vài kĩ thuật thích hợp của riêng mình.1 sự hỗ trợ đơn giản là đọc nhanh bài tóm tắt để nắm ý của toàn bài đọc.Sau đó hãy nghĩ đến từ loại nào bạn cần để điền vào mỗi chỗ trống như tính từ,danh từ,động từ?
Nếu có thể hãy tự nghĩ ra những từ của riêng bạn để hoàn chỉnh nghĩa của bài đọc,như vậy khi bạn nhìn qua bài đọc hoặc danh sách từ bạn sẽ có thể nhận ra 1 từ đồng nghĩa nhanh hơn.
Tìm đầu đề thích hợp:
Trong dạng bài tập này bạn được yêu cầu chọn đầu đề thích hợp cho 1 đoạn văn.Nhiều học viên cho rằng đây là 1 dạng khó.Những kỹ thuật sau có thể trợ giúp:
-Việc đọc câu đầu tiên và câu cuối cùng của 1 đoạn văn để từ đó chọn đầu đề đôi khi không có hiệu qủa trong 1 số trường hợp,nó tùy thuộc vào kiểu đoạn văn.
-Đọc nhanh mỗi đoạn văn,rồi rời mắt khỏi bài đọc,Quyết định đại ý của đoạn văn.Nếu bạn cố gắng đọc và quyết định cùng 1 lúc thì sẽ dễ bị nhầm lẫn.
-Tự hỏi mình về lí do tác giả viết ra đoạn văn này.Điều này có thể giúp bạn loại trừ 1 tiêu đề có liên quan đến những thông tin thứ yếu được đưa ra để làm rối loạn bạn.
-Cân nhắc xem bạn có thể đặt tất cả thông tin trong đoạn văn dưới đầu đề mà bạn đã chọn hay không.
-Kiểm tra xem đầu đề đã cho có được tạo nên bằng những từ trích ra từ đoạn văn hay không.Đây có thể là 1 yếu tố gây nhầm lẫn.
-Học cách phân biệt giữa tiêu điểm của đoạn văn và thông tin nền hay thông tin phụ,được dùng để hỗ trợ cho tiêu điểm.Xem VD trong đoạn văn sau:
It is a myth that creative people are born with their talents gifts from God or nature.Creative genius is,in fact,latent within many of us,without our realising.But how far do we need to travel to find the path to creativity?For many people,a long way.In our everyday lives,we have to perform many acts out of habit *****rvive,like openning the door,shaving,getting dressed,walking to work and so on.If this were not the casemwe would,in all probability,become metally unhinged.So strongly ingrained are our habits,though this varies from person to person,that sometimes,when a concious effort is made to be creative,automatic response takes over.We may try,for example,to walk to work following a different route,but end up on our usual path.By then it is too late to go back and change our minds.Another day,perhaps.The same applies to all other areas of our lives.When we are solving problems,for example,we may seek different answers,but,often as not,find ourselves walking along the same welltrodden paths.

Phần văn bản in nghiêng trong đoạn trên là những thông tin nền hoặc phụ.Nếu đặt câu hỏi về lí do tác giả viết đoạn văn này,ta không thể trả lời rằng tác giả viết để nói về những thói quen hàng ngày hay những thói quen cần thiết để tồn tại.Tác giả đang dùng ví dụ về những thói quen hàng ngày để minh họa cho những hạn chế mà chúng gây ra cho khả năng sáng tạo của chúng ta.Nhưu vậy,ta thấy rằng bất kỳ đầu đề nào cho đoạn văn đều cần phải kết hợp 2 yếu tố:sự hạn chế sáng tạo và những yếu tố quyết định ra sự hạn chế này.Trong số 2 thông tin này thì thông tin đầu tiên là quan trọng nhất.chú ý rằng bạn không nên để mình bị lạc hướng vì lượng văn bản lớn dùng để nói về các thói quen.
Hãy thử phương pháp này với bất kì văn bản nào bạn đọc.Ban đầu nó có thể làm giảm tốc độ đọc của bạn.Tuy nhiên,dần dần bạn sẽ thấy được mối quan hệ giữa những thông tin khác nhau.
-Học cách nhận ra những kiểu đoạn văn khách nhau.Khi đọc 1 văn bản lần đầu tiên,người ta thường nghĩ rằng họ không biết gì về nó cả.Tuy nhiên,bạn nên tiếp cận với 1 bài đọc bằng cách tự nói với mình rằng bạn nhận ra cấu trúc chung của toàn bộ bài đọc và có thể bạn nhận ra được dạng tổ chức của rất nhiều,nếu không nói là tất cả đoạn văn.Xem đoạn văn sau:
Although the name dinosaur is derived from the Greek for?terrible lizard?,dinosaurs were not,in fact,lizards at all.Like lizards,dinosaurs are included in the class Reptilia,or reptiles,one of the five main classes of Vertebrata,animals with backbones.However,at the next level of classification,within reptiles,significant differences in the skeletal anatomy of lizards and dinosaurs have led scientists to place these groups of animals into two different superorders:Lepidosauria,or lepidosaurs,and Archosauria,or archosaurs.
Bạn có thể nhận ra kiểu của đoạn văn này là gì không?nếu đây là đoạn mở đầu của 1 bài đọc dài thì bạn có đoán được kiểu bài đọc này là gì không?Hãy xem những từ in đậm,chúng có thể giúp ích cho bạn.
1 VD khác:
Reflexology is a treatment which was introduced to the west about 100 years ago,although it was practised in ancient Egypt,India and East Asia.It involves gently focused pressure on the feet to both diagnose and treat illness.A reflexologist may detect imbalances in the body on an energetic level through detecting tiny crystals on the feet.Treating these points can result in the release of bockages in other parts of the body.It has been found to be an especially useful treatment for sinus and upper respiratory tract con***ions and poor lymphatic and cardiovascular circulation.Anecdotal evidence from various practitioners suggests it can also be effective in treating migraine,hormonal imbalances,digestive,circulatory and back problems.
Bạn nên tìm hiểu càng nhiều càng tốt về cách các thông tin trong 1 đoạn văn đuwocj liên kết với nhau.khi bạn học cách viết 1 bài luận thì đây chính là điều mà bạn được chỉ dẫn.
Tìm thông tin thích hợp với đoạn văn:
Dạng bài tập này là 1 biến thể của dạng bài tập truuwocs.BT này yêu cầu bạn quyết định lí do khiến tác giả viết các đoạn văn đó.Điều này thật ra chính là 1 phần của quá trình tìm đầu đề cho 1 đoạn văn.

ac ac, kinh khủng thật!!!
chữ bé tí, lại còn dài ơi là dài
hĩ hixxxx

chị Thuỳ ơi tuần này có các buổi output nào ạ? hôm qua có những bài tập nào thế ạ