Bệnh viêm gan B ( Hepatitis B )

Để trả lời câu hỏi of bạn Police 274 , G bắt đầu từ " Ngăn ngừa và chữa trị " trước .
there is no cure for hepatitis B when you first get it. That is why prevention is so important.
PREVENTION
Hepatitis B vaccine is the best protection. Hepatitis B is 100 times more infectious than the AIDS virus, yet it can be prevented with a safe and effective vaccine.
If you are having ***, but not with one steady partner, use latex condoms correctly and every time you have ***. The efficacy of latex condoms in preventing infection with HBV is unknown, but their proper use may reduce transmission.
If you are pregnant, you should get a blood test for hepatitis B; Infants born to HBV-infected mothers should be given HBIG (hepatitis B immune globulin) and vaccine within 12 hours after birth.
Do not shoot drugs; if you shoot drugs, stop and get into a treatment program; if you can''t stop, never share drugs, needles, syringes, water, or "works", and get vaccinated against hepatitis A and B.
Do not share personal care items that might have blood on them (razors, toothbrushes).
Consider the risks if you are thinking about getting a tattoo or body piercing. You might get infected if the tools have someone elsés blood on them or if the artist or piercer does not follow good health practices.
If you have or had hepatitis B, do not donate blood, organs, or tissue.
If you are a health care or public safety worker, get vaccinated against hepatitis B, and always follow routine barrier precautions and safely handle needles and other sharps.
VACCINE RECOMMENDATIONS
Hepatitis B vaccine available since 1982
Routine vaccination of 0-18 year olds
Vaccination of risk groups of all ages
TREATMENT & MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
HBV infected persons should be evaluated by their doctor for liver disease.
Adefovir dipivoxil, alpha interferon, and lamivudine are three drugs licensed for the treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis B.
The interferon has significant side effects but is capable of curing the infection in up to 50% of appropriate patients. Interferon has significant side effects . The lamivudine is well tolerated and does a good job of suppressing the virus but usually does not cure the infection.Thus , the choice of medications varies with each individual and each infection .
Drinking alcohol can make your liver disease worse.
These drugs should not be used by pregnant women.
Hepatitis B is the most common serious liver infection in the world. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus ( HBV) that attacks the liver. The virus can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death.
Most healthy adults (90%) who are infected will recover and develop protective antibodies and are no longer infected. A small number (5-10%) will be unable to get rid of the virus and will develop chronic infections. Unfortunately, this is not true for infants and young children ?" 90% of infants and up to 50% of young children infected with hepatitis B will develop chronic infections.
There are two forms of the hepatitis B infection, an inactive or carrier state or an active or replicating state.
an inactive or carrier state : people who are have chronic (long-term) infection with HBV and never recover fully from the infection; they carry the virus and can infect others for the rest of their lives ( develop the hepatitis B surface antibody and lose the hepatitis B surface antigen and Hbe Ag ). These individuals typically do not develop progressive liver disease, they are not candidates for therapy and they typically do not respond to treatment when it is given..However, these patients are at some risk for liver cancer .
an active or replicating state : remains hepatitis B surface antigen positive, ( and a positive HbeAg ) that means they remain infected with hepatitis B and they can give it to others and these are at risk for progressive liver disease and that they are potential candidates for treatment. ( some has potential to clear their infection spontaneously over timẹ)
Acute vs Chronic hepatitis infection
When a person is first infected with the hepatitis B virus, this is called an "acute infection". A person may not have any symptoms or s/he could become seriously ill. Most adults will recover and get rid of the virus without any problems. If the virus remains in the blood for more than six months, then a person is diagnosed as having a "chronic infection".
A patient with an acute infection will test positive for the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg), HBc-IgM, and possibly the HBe-antigen (HBeAg). An acute hepatitis B infection follows a relatively long incubation period - from 1 to 6 months (with or without symptoms) and infected persons are able to pass the virus to others at this stage . Repeat blood tests over a six-month period are needed to diagnose recovery or chronic infection.
Recoveryfrom an acute hepatitis B infection is indicated when blood tests show that a person has lost the virus (HBsAg negative) and has developed the protective surface antibody. A person who has positive surface antibodies (HBsAb or anti-HBs) has recovered and is no longer contagious to others - that is, they cannot pass the virus on to others. This can take up to six months after the initial infection. ( Although a person who has recovered is protected against future hepatitis B infections, s/he is still at risk for other types of hepatitis viruses (ịẹ hepatitis A and C). Therefore, s/he should get the hepatitis A vaccine and avoid risk factors for hepatitis C.)
If a person tests positive for the virus (HBsAg) for more than 6 months, then they are diagnosed as being chronically infected. All patients with chronic hepatitis B infections should be monitored regularly by a liver specialist for early detection of disease progression since they are at increased risk for developing cirrhosis and/or liver cancer.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS :
About 30% of persons have no signs or symptoms.
Signs and symptoms are less common in children than adults.
jaundice ( eyes or skin may turn yellow )
fatigue ( feel extremely tired )
abdominal pain
loss of appetite
nausea, vomiting
joint pain
LONG-TERM EFFECTS WITHOUT VACCINATION
Chronic infection occurs in:
90% of infants infected at birth
30% of children infected at age 1 - 5 years
6% of persons infected after age 5 years
Death from chronic liver disease occurs in:
15-25% of chronically infected persons
TRANSMISSION
Occurs when blood or body fluids from an infected person enters the body of a person who is not immunẹ
HBV is spread through having *** with an infected person without using a condom (the efficacy of latex condoms in preventing infection with HBV is unknown, but their proper use may reduce transmission), by sharing drugs, needles, or "works" when "shooting" drugs, through needlesticks or sharps exposures on the job, or from an infected mother to her baby during birth.
Persons at risk for HBV infection might also be at risk for infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) or HIV.
Hepatitis B is not spread through food or water or by casual contact.
RISK GROUPS
Persons with multiple *** partners or diagnosis of a ***ually transmitted disease
Men who have *** with men
*** contacts of infected persons
Injection drug users
Household contacts of chronically infected persons
Infants born to infected mothers
Infants/children of immigrants from areas with high rates of HBV infection
Health care and public safety workers
Hemodialysis patients
Common Hepatitis B Blood Tests
HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) - This refers to the outer surface of the hepatitis B virus that triggers an antibody response. A "positive" or "reactive" HBsAg test result means that the person is infected with the hepatitis B virus. This can be an "acute" or a "chronic" infection. Infected people can pass the virus on to others through their blood.
HBsAb or anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody) - This refers to the protective antibody that is produced in response to an infection. It appears when a person has recovered from an acute infection and cleared the virus (usually within six months) or responded successfully to the hepatitis B vaccine shots. A "positive" or "reactive" HBsAb (or anti-HBs) test result indicates that a person is "immune" to any future hepatitis B infection and is no longer contagious. This test is not routinely included in blood bank screenings.
HBcAb or anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antibody) - This refers to an antibody that is produced in response to the core-antigen, a component of the hepatitis B virus. However, this is not a protective antibody. In fact, it is usually present in those chronically infected with hepatitis B. A "positive" or "reactive" HBcAb (or anti-HBc) test result indicates a past or present infection, but it could also be a false positive. The interpretation of this test result depends on the first two test results. Its appearance with the protective surface antibody (positive HBsAb or anti-HBs) indicates prior infection and recovery. For chronically infected persons, it will usually appear with the virus (positive HbsAg).

Để trả lời câu hỏi of bạn Police 274 , G bắt đầu từ " Ngăn ngừa và chữa trị " trước .
there is no cure for hepatitis B when you first get it. That is why prevention is so important.
PREVENTION
Hepatitis B vaccine is the best protection. Hepatitis B is 100 times more infectious than the AIDS virus, yet it can be prevented with a safe and effective vaccine.
If you are having ***, but not with one steady partner, use latex condoms correctly and every time you have ***. The efficacy of latex condoms in preventing infection with HBV is unknown, but their proper use may reduce transmission.
If you are pregnant, you should get a blood test for hepatitis B; Infants born to HBV-infected mothers should be given HBIG (hepatitis B immune globulin) and vaccine within 12 hours after birth.
Do not shoot drugs; if you shoot drugs, stop and get into a treatment program; if you can''t stop, never share drugs, needles, syringes, water, or "works", and get vaccinated against hepatitis A and B.
Do not share personal care items that might have blood on them (razors, toothbrushes).
Consider the risks if you are thinking about getting a tattoo or body piercing. You might get infected if the tools have someone elsés blood on them or if the artist or piercer does not follow good health practices.
If you have or had hepatitis B, do not donate blood, organs, or tissue.
If you are a health care or public safety worker, get vaccinated against hepatitis B, and always follow routine barrier precautions and safely handle needles and other sharps.
VACCINE RECOMMENDATIONS
Hepatitis B vaccine available since 1982
Routine vaccination of 0-18 year olds
Vaccination of risk groups of all ages
TREATMENT & MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
HBV infected persons should be evaluated by their doctor for liver disease.
Adefovir dipivoxil, alpha interferon, and lamivudine are three drugs licensed for the treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis B.
The interferon has significant side effects but is capable of curing the infection in up to 50% of appropriate patients. Interferon has significant side effects . The lamivudine is well tolerated and does a good job of suppressing the virus but usually does not cure the infection.Thus , the choice of medications varies with each individual and each infection .
Drinking alcohol can make your liver disease worse.
These drugs should not be used by pregnant women.
Hepatitis B is the most common serious liver infection in the world. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus ( HBV) that attacks the liver. The virus can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death.
Most healthy adults (90%) who are infected will recover and develop protective antibodies and are no longer infected. A small number (5-10%) will be unable to get rid of the virus and will develop chronic infections. Unfortunately, this is not true for infants and young children ?" 90% of infants and up to 50% of young children infected with hepatitis B will develop chronic infections.
There are two forms of the hepatitis B infection, an inactive or carrier state or an active or replicating state.
an inactive or carrier state : people who are have chronic (long-term) infection with HBV and never recover fully from the infection; they carry the virus and can infect others for the rest of their lives ( develop the hepatitis B surface antibody and lose the hepatitis B surface antigen and Hbe Ag ). These individuals typically do not develop progressive liver disease, they are not candidates for therapy and they typically do not respond to treatment when it is given..However, these patients are at some risk for liver cancer .
an active or replicating state : remains hepatitis B surface antigen positive, ( and a positive HbeAg ) that means they remain infected with hepatitis B and they can give it to others and these are at risk for progressive liver disease and that they are potential candidates for treatment. ( some has potential to clear their infection spontaneously over timẹ)
Acute vs Chronic hepatitis infection
When a person is first infected with the hepatitis B virus, this is called an "acute infection". A person may not have any symptoms or s/he could become seriously ill. Most adults will recover and get rid of the virus without any problems. If the virus remains in the blood for more than six months, then a person is diagnosed as having a "chronic infection".
A patient with an acute infection will test positive for the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg), HBc-IgM, and possibly the HBe-antigen (HBeAg). An acute hepatitis B infection follows a relatively long incubation period - from 1 to 6 months (with or without symptoms) and infected persons are able to pass the virus to others at this stage . Repeat blood tests over a six-month period are needed to diagnose recovery or chronic infection.
Recoveryfrom an acute hepatitis B infection is indicated when blood tests show that a person has lost the virus (HBsAg negative) and has developed the protective surface antibody. A person who has positive surface antibodies (HBsAb or anti-HBs) has recovered and is no longer contagious to others - that is, they cannot pass the virus on to others. This can take up to six months after the initial infection. ( Although a person who has recovered is protected against future hepatitis B infections, s/he is still at risk for other types of hepatitis viruses (ịẹ hepatitis A and C). Therefore, s/he should get the hepatitis A vaccine and avoid risk factors for hepatitis C.)
If a person tests positive for the virus (HBsAg) for more than 6 months, then they are diagnosed as being chronically infected. All patients with chronic hepatitis B infections should be monitored regularly by a liver specialist for early detection of disease progression since they are at increased risk for developing cirrhosis and/or liver cancer.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS :
About 30% of persons have no signs or symptoms.
Signs and symptoms are less common in children than adults.
jaundice ( eyes or skin may turn yellow )
fatigue ( feel extremely tired )
abdominal pain
loss of appetite
nausea, vomiting
joint pain
LONG-TERM EFFECTS WITHOUT VACCINATION
Chronic infection occurs in:
90% of infants infected at birth
30% of children infected at age 1 - 5 years
6% of persons infected after age 5 years
Death from chronic liver disease occurs in:
15-25% of chronically infected persons
TRANSMISSION
Occurs when blood or body fluids from an infected person enters the body of a person who is not immunẹ
HBV is spread through having *** with an infected person without using a condom (the efficacy of latex condoms in preventing infection with HBV is unknown, but their proper use may reduce transmission), by sharing drugs, needles, or "works" when "shooting" drugs, through needlesticks or sharps exposures on the job, or from an infected mother to her baby during birth.
Persons at risk for HBV infection might also be at risk for infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) or HIV.
Hepatitis B is not spread through food or water or by casual contact.
RISK GROUPS
Persons with multiple *** partners or diagnosis of a ***ually transmitted disease
Men who have *** with men
*** contacts of infected persons
Injection drug users
Household contacts of chronically infected persons
Infants born to infected mothers
Infants/children of immigrants from areas with high rates of HBV infection
Health care and public safety workers
Hemodialysis patients
Common Hepatitis B Blood Tests
HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) - This refers to the outer surface of the hepatitis B virus that triggers an antibody response. A "positive" or "reactive" HBsAg test result means that the person is infected with the hepatitis B virus. This can be an "acute" or a "chronic" infection. Infected people can pass the virus on to others through their blood.
HBsAb or anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody) - This refers to the protective antibody that is produced in response to an infection. It appears when a person has recovered from an acute infection and cleared the virus (usually within six months) or responded successfully to the hepatitis B vaccine shots. A "positive" or "reactive" HBsAb (or anti-HBs) test result indicates that a person is "immune" to any future hepatitis B infection and is no longer contagious. This test is not routinely included in blood bank screenings.
HBcAb or anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antibody) - This refers to an antibody that is produced in response to the core-antigen, a component of the hepatitis B virus. However, this is not a protective antibody. In fact, it is usually present in those chronically infected with hepatitis B. A "positive" or "reactive" HBcAb (or anti-HBc) test result indicates a past or present infection, but it could also be a false positive. The interpretation of this test result depends on the first two test results. Its appearance with the protective surface antibody (positive HBsAb or anti-HBs) indicates prior infection and recovery. For chronically infected persons, it will usually appear with the virus (positive HbsAg).

Bạn có thể tham khảo link:
http://www.ykhoa.net/SKDS/NHIEM/60-05.html
http://www.ttvnol.com/f_320/77488/trang-1.ttvn
Thân ái

"TỪ BI" OR NOT "TỪ BI" ?

Được ndungtuan sửa chữa / chuyển vào 15:27 ngày 14/12/2003

Bạn có thể tham khảo link:
http://www.ykhoa.net/SKDS/NHIEM/60-05.html
http://www.ttvnol.com/f_320/77488/trang-1.ttvn
Thân ái

"TỪ BI" OR NOT "TỪ BI" ?

Được ndungtuan sửa chữa / chuyển vào 15:27 ngày 14/12/2003

Bài of [nick] some1_like_you [/nick] , Gửi lúc 20:48, 21/12/03
mọi ng` ơi,nếu da vàng mà k bị bệnh gan thì là bệnh gì được nhỉ
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Được gerbich sửa chữa / chuyển vào 09:47 ngày 24/04/2004

Bài of [nick] some1_like_you [/nick] , Gửi lúc 20:48, 21/12/03
mọi ng` ơi,nếu da vàng mà k bị bệnh gan thì là bệnh gì được nhỉ
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Được gerbich sửa chữa / chuyển vào 09:47 ngày 24/04/2004

hix,nhưng mà em có ăn đu đủ đâu ,carrot thì có ăn nhìu nhưng mà em tưởng thế tốt chứ đâu có bị vàng

hix,nhưng mà em có ăn đu đủ đâu ,carrot thì có ăn nhìu nhưng mà em tưởng thế tốt chứ đâu có bị vàng

Cà rốt có chất Beta-carotene ( Vitamin A precursor and antioxidant giúp chống lại bệnh tật ) .. dư chất này sẽ làm da đổi thành màu vàng , nhưng không có hại cơ thể ... nhưng nếu thiếu Beta-carotene sẽ làm mắt bị kém , nhất là ban đêm , không tăng trưởng và dễ bị nhiễm trùng .
Dư chất carotene làm da vàng nhưng mắt không bị vàng , còn da vàng of bệnh gan ( jaundice ) thì cặp mắt cũng vàng luôn . Đây là sự khác of hai bệnh da vàng .

Cà rốt có chất Beta-carotene ( Vitamin A precursor and antioxidant giúp chống lại bệnh tật ) .. dư chất này sẽ làm da đổi thành màu vàng , nhưng không có hại cơ thể ... nhưng nếu thiếu Beta-carotene sẽ làm mắt bị kém , nhất là ban đêm , không tăng trưởng và dễ bị nhiễm trùng .
Dư chất carotene làm da vàng nhưng mắt không bị vàng , còn da vàng of bệnh gan ( jaundice ) thì cặp mắt cũng vàng luôn . Đây là sự khác of hai bệnh da vàng .