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"Second Sino-Japanese War" nghĩa là sao?

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"Second Sino-Japanese War" là cuộc chiến tranh diễn ra từ năm 1937 - 1945 trên đất TQ. Sau sự kiện Mãn Chu (1931), quân đội Nhật Bản chiếm đóng và dựng lên chính phủ bù nhìn Mãn Chu (Manchukuo).
Việt Nam không có nguồn tài liệu Tiếng Việt nào trên mạng. Tớ kiếm được cái này là tiếng Anh. Bác ở Toronto chắc chuyện đọc tiếng Anh không khó khăn đâu nhở.
Sino-Japanese War, Second


1937?"45, conflict between Japanese and Chinese forces for control of the Chinese mainland. The war sapped the Nationalist government?Ts strength while allowing the Communists to gain control over large areas through organization of guerrilla units. Thus, it was an important factor in the eventual Communist defeat of the Nationalist forces in 1949. In its early stage, the war was often called the China Incident. 1

Origins
Following the Manchurian Incident (Sept., 1931), the Japanese Kwantung army occupied Manchuria and established the puppet state of Manchukuo (Feb., 1932). Japan pressed China to recognize the independence of Manchukuo, suppress anti-Japanese activities, and form autonomous regional governments in N China. The Japanese were partially successful in 1933 and 1935 when they forced China to form two demilitarized autonomous zones bordering Manchuria. 2

Outbreak of War
Growing domestic opposition to the Nationalist government?Ts policy of self-strengthening before counterattacking in N China and Manchuria led to the kidnapping of Chiang Kai-shek was kidnapped at Xi?Tan in Dec., 1936, by Chang Hsüeh-liang. Chiang was forced to agree to a united anti-Japanese front with the Communists as a con***ion for his release. The situation was tense, and in 1937 full war commenced. A clash (July, 1937) between soldiers of the Japanese garrison at Beijing and Chinese forces at the Marco Polo Bridge was the pretext for Japanese occupation at Beijing and Tianjin. Chiang Kai-shek refused to negotiate an end to hostilities on Japanese terms and placed crack troops outside the Japanese settlement at Shanghai. After a protracted struggle Shanghai and the national capital, Nanjing, fell to the Japanese. The Chinese broke the Huang He dikes (June, 1938) to slow the enemy advance. In late 1938, Hankou and Guangzhou were taken.
Japanese strategy was aimed at taking the cities, the roads, and the railroads, thereby gaining a net of control. Thus, although the Japanese by 1940 had swept over the eastern coastal area, guerrilla fighting still went on in the conquered regions. The Nationalist government, driven back to a temporary capital at Chongqing, struggled on with little help from outside. Chinese resources were inadequate, and the supplies sent over the Burma Road were far from sufficient. The Chinese cause continued to decline despite vast resistance and bloody fighting. Dubious of China?Ts ability *****stain a protracted war, Wang Ching-wei broke with Chiang Kai-shek and established a collaborationist regime at Nanjing (1940). 4

World War II
The Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor brought the United States into the war and merged the Sino-Japanese War into World War II as China declared war on Japan, Germany, and Italy. American and British loans and supplies, the establishment of military air bases in China, and the aid of an increasing number of U.S. and British advisers helped relieve China as Japan diverted armies elsewhere. Nevertheless, China?Ts military position continued to deteriorate until Apr., 1945. In May the Chinese launched a successful offensive at Zhijiang (Chihkiang) that lasted until Japanese capitulation on Aug. 14. The Japanese troops in China formally surrendered Sept. 9, 1945. By the provisions of the Cairo Declaration, Manchuria, Taiwan, and the Pescadores were restored to China.
God knows I tried ............... Plz don't ask for more!

Hay quá, cảm ơn bác nhiều, tiếng Anh của em kém lắm nhưng nói chung cũng đủ chiến.
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Bạn thích RPG? Hãy ghé thăm CLB chúng tôi:
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