Các chương trình học bổng dành cho PhD ở Châu Âu

PhD Position

im Bereich Forschung & Lehre
bei Universität Bonn, Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie


Referenznummer: B-059.0092
Eingetragen am: 21.06.11
Applications are invited for a PhD position in cellular signaling and/or metabolism, at the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn.
We would like to investigate the signaling pathways that are regulating brown adipocyte differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis with the emphasis on CNP and particulate guanylyl cyclase B (GC-B).
Our lab employs a broad range of molecular, biochemical and cell biological methods combined with in vivo work with genetic animal models.

We seek for highly motivated and enthusiastic candidates with a strong background in molecular cell biology, signaling and/or metabolism. The position is initially available for one year with possible elongation up to end of project.

Applications should include CV, statement of research interest, certificates, and names and
addresses of two referees

PhD position in INRIA Saclay (Paris suburb), France

Cloud-based management of Web data (application deadline: *** June 28, 2011 ***)

Cloud-based data management has gained significant momentum in industry but also in the data management research community. In INRIA Saclay, the Leo team (http://leo.saclay.inria.fr) has been working on large-scale distributed data management, and in particular recently started a project on managing Web data (XML and RDF) within a cloud environment. The project involves several faculty members, an engineer starting from the fall, and several students. The position advertised here is in particular concerned with architectures and algorithms for the efficient scalable management of Semantic Web data (RDF) in a cloud architecture.

The work is part of our involvement in the "Cloud Computing" Research Action Line of ICT Labs (http://eit.ictlabs.eu), a network of European centers collaborating on IT topics.

We seek a candidate with a strong academic record, whose Master must not be obtained in France, for a 3-years funded PhD position (the standard duration of French PhDs is 3 years).

The PhD will take place within the Leo team, associated between INRIA Saclay (http://en.inria.fr/inria-research-centre/saclay-ile-de-france) and the Computer Science Research laboratory of University of Paris Sud (http://www.lri.fr).
The supervisors are Ioana Manolescu (INRIA, http://www-roc.inria.fr/~manolesc) and Francois Goasdoue (LRI, http://www.lri.fr/~goasdoue).

To apply:
* contact Ioana and Francois (ioana.manolescu@inria.fr francois.goasdoue@lri.fr) as soon as possible and *** no later than June 28, 2011 (hard deadline) ***
* send:
- a CV including a contact phone number
- academic transcripts as complete as possible. If final MS grades are not available, send partial and/or informal transcripts
- recommendation letters OR the name and contact info for one or several professors which know and appreciate you, which we may contact for a quick reference

More information:

INRIA: http://en.inria.fr
INRIA Saclay: http://en.inria.fr/inria-research-centre/saclay-ile-de-france
University of Paris Sud: http://www.u-psud.fr/en/index.html
Being a PhD student at INRIA: http://en.inria.fr/institute/recruitment/offers/phd/faq

PhD opening at CWI - Adaptive indexing techniques for modern database systems
Subject:
Adaptive indexing techniques for modern database systems.


The Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) has a full time vacancy for a talented PhD candidate in the Database Architectures group
(http://www.cwi.nl/en/research-groups/Database-Architectures).

The position is in the broad area of adaptive indexing techniques for modern database systems. Adaptive indexing is a major challenge in database research; it tries to completely alleviate the need for indexing and tuning steps leading to database systems that require no physical design set-up and can cope immediately with any workload. This leads to database systems that are instantly usable and thus more applicable to numerous new applications that now consider databases too slow, too complex and too old.
This position will focus specifically on adaptive indexing for extremely large databases where tra***ional indexing represents a major bottleneck.

The Database Architectures group is one of the world-wide leading groups in system-oriented database research, e.g., it received the 10-year best paper
award at VLDB 2009 for their pioneering research on hardware-aware database technology and the column-store model and the 2011 ACM SIGMOD Jim Gray Dissertation award for the database cracking work.
The group has a unique methodology that combines fundamental database research with active participation of all group members in database engineering, centred around the open-source analytical database system MonetDB (http://www.monetdb.org/).
An internship at one of the partnering database research labs world-wide is considered part of the PhD track.

REQUIREMENTS

The PhD candidates must have a master degree in computer science (or a 5 year diploma), (specialisation databases, distributed systems, software engineering)
mathematics, or related fields. Preferable qualifications for candidates include proven research talent, system programming skills (C/C++),
practical experience with using and implementing database systems, and software development in a team.
Candidates are expected to have an excellent command of English, and good academic writing and presentation skills.


CENTRUM WISKUNDE & INFORMATICA (CWI)

Founded in 1946, the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) is the national research institute for mathematics and computer science in the Netherlands.
It is located at the Science Park Amsterdam and is part of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). The institute is internationally focused and renowned for its high quality research, a substantial fraction of which is carried out in the framework of (inter)national programs. Over 160 researchers conduct pioneering research and share their acquired knowledge with society. More than 30 researchers are employed as professors at universities. The institute has generated twenty-one spin-off companies.

CWI maintains excellent relations with industry and the academic world, both in the Netherlands as well as abroad. After their research careers at CWI,
an increasing number of young staff members find employment in these sectors or in spin-off companies that are based on research results from CWI. Of
course, library and computing facilities are first-rate. CWI's non-scientific services to its personnel include career planning, training
and courses, assistance in finding housing, and tailor-made solutions to problems that may occasionally arise.


TERMS AND CON***IONS

The terms of employment are in accordance with the Dutch Collective Labour Agreement for Research Institutes ("CAO-onderzoeksinstellingen"). Moreover
CWI offers attractive working con***ions, including flexible scheduling and help with housing for expat employees.

The gross monthly salary, for an employee on a full time basis, is 2,037 during the first year and increases to 2,610 over a four year period. CWI
also offers excellent and flexible terms of employment, including an employee pension fund.


INFORMATION

Ad***ional information can be obtained from:

dr. Stratos Idreos, email stratos.idreos@cwi.nl telephone +31(0)20 592 4169.

or dr. Stefan Manegold, email stefan.manegold@cwi.nl telephone +31(0)20 592 4212,

or prof. dr. Martin Kersten, email martin.kersten@cwi.nl telephone +31(0)20 592 4066.


APPLICATION

Please send your application before 31 July 2011 to: pd@cwi.nl.

Applications should include a detailed CV, a motivation letter, a list of your M.SC. courses and grades, a copy of your master thesis, and preferably a list of publications.

PhD research fellowship positions and 1 post doctoral position
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (NTNU)

Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering
Department of Engineering Cybernetics

Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology
Department of Petroleum Engineering & Applied Geophysics

4 PhD research fellowship positions and 1 post doctoral position

3 PhD research fellowship positions and 1 post doctoral position at the Department of Engineering Cybernetics, NTNU, and 1 PhD research fellowship position at the Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics, within the research project "Intelligent drilling – automated underbalanced drilling operations”

4 PhD research fellowship positions and 1 post doc position are vacant within the research project "Intelligent drilling – automated underbalanced drilling operations”, funded by the Norwegian Research Council and Statoil ASA. The PhD scholars and Post Doc will work on challenging research problems in an active research team at the Department of Engineering Cybernetics and the Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics, NTNU, in close interaction with researchers from Statoil and International Research Institute of Stavanger (IRIS), and with extensive international cooperation.

The main research objective is to develop intelligent closed-loop control concepts for improved safety and efficiency of offshore underbalanced drilling operations (UBD). UBD with complete control over borehole hydraulics will be an enabling technology for getting access to reserves in mature fields which are unreachable with conventional drilling technologies. Moreover, such UBD technology will provide a number of other enhancements in safety and efficiency of drilling operations.

Relevant research themes are

• Holistic automated pressure and flow control for underbalanced drilling
• Two-phase flow modeling, estimation and control in underbalanced drilling
• Autonomous and adaptive control and observer designs for underbalanced drilling
• Fault detection, and fault tolerant and robust control for underbalanced drilling
• Well control and barriers in automated UBD wells
• Modeling and control of slugging in UBD wells

The advisor/co-advisor team consists of

• Lars Imsland, Professor, Dept. Engineering Cybernetics, NTNU
• Ole Morten Aamo, Professor, Dept. Engineering Cybernetics, NTNU
• Tor Arne Johansen, Professor, Dept. Engineering Cybernetics, NTNU
• Glenn-Ole Kaasa, Adjunct Associate Professor Dept. Engineering Cybernetics, NTNU; Principal Researcher Statoil
• John-Morten Godhavn, Adjunct Professor Dept. Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics, NTNU; Principal Researcher, Statoil
• Sigbjørn Sangesland, Professor Dept. Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics, NTNU
• Gerhard Nygaard, Chief Scientist IRIS; Adjunct Professor University of Stavanger
• Alexey Pavlov, Principal Researcher, Statoil

The PhD scholarships are offered for a period of 3 years, while the post doctoral position will be offered for a period up to 3 years.

For the PhD scholarships: Required backgrounds for the PhD-positions are MSc degrees in engineering cybernetics/control engineering or similar, or MSc degree in petroleum engineering, multiphase flow modeling or similar. The applicants should indicate which theme(s) they are interested in. Solid scientific qualifications, relevant MSc research topics, motivation and personal qualities are important. Applicants must be qualified for PhD studies at NTNU, please see http://www.ime.ntnu.no/forskning/phd for information about PhD studies at NTNU.

It is a prerequisite that the PhD scholar applies for and is granted admission to the NTNU PhD studies as soon as possible after employment. NTNUs PhD-rules require a Master degree or equivalent with at least 5 years of studies and an average grade of A or B within a scale of A-E for passing grades (A best). Candidates from universities outside Norway are kindly requested to send a Diploma Supplement or a similar document, which describes in detail the study and grade system and the rights for further studies associated with the obtained degree:
http://ec.europa.eu/education/policies/rec_qual/recognition/diploma_en.html

The position is placed in salary code 1017, which currently corresponds to a yearly gross income of NOK 391 100 (pay scale level 48). From this 2 % will be deducted for mandatory membership in the National Pension Fund. The appointment will be made in accordance with current regulations with supplementary rules for research fellowship appointments in universities and polytechnics. Applicants must agree to participate in organized doctoral
study programs within the period of the appointment. The successful applicant must agree to the con***ions laid down for public employees.

Candidates will be required to enroll in a PhD program within the period of employment, and must sign a contract regulating the period of employment.

For the Post Doc position: Applicants must have a PhD in engineering cybernetics/control engineering or similar, or a PhD in petroleum engineering on topics closely related to automated drilling. For applicants with a control background, specialization in automated drilling systems is advantageous. Documented scientific qualifications, relevant PhD research topics and personal qualities are important.

Post.doc-fellowships are placed in salary code 1352, salary level 57 in the national salary scheme, gross NOK 455 900 per annum of which 2 % is deducted for State Pension scheme.
The appointment will be made in accordance with current regulations. The successful applicant must agree to the con***ions laid down for public employees. Candidates must sign a contract regulating the starting date and duration of employment.

Contact person for all positions: Professor Lars Imsland, e-mail: lars.imsland@itk.ntnu.no.

Applicants from non-English-speaking countries outside Europe must document a TOEFL score of 600 or higher.

According to Norwegian policies, the government workforce should, as closely as possible, reflect the diversity of the population at large. It is therefore a goal of NTNU, as a government institution, to have a workforce which is balanced with respect to age and gender, and to recruit persons of immigrant background. NTNU also wishes to increase the number of women on its workforce, and women are specifically encouraged to apply.

The application must include information about education, exams and earlier experience. Certified copies of certificates and diplomas must be enclosed. Relevant scientific works should be submitted. Joint works will be taken into account. In cases where it is difficult to determine the applicant’s contribution, a short note of explanation should be supplied.

Applications are to be submitted electronically through this page. Preferably, we want the attachments in one file.

Applications should be marked: IME 028-2011, and in ad***ion you have to state for which position it is applied for.

Application deadline: August 8th 2011.

Fully funded PhD/PostDoc position at Technical University Hamburg

We are looking for a PhD//PostDoc candidate to do research in the area of fault tolerant distributed systems. The Institute of Telematics is a young research group with currently 10 PhD students. We are a highly motivated international team of researchers situated in the south of Hamburg. We offer ideal working con***ions, a beautiful campus, and a competitive salary. The team is interested in a variety of topics in the field of distributed computing (see http://www.ti5.tu-harburg.de/research/).

Requirements:
-- excellent M.S. in computer science, computer engineering, mathematics, physics or related studies
-- experience in design and analysis of distributed algorithms
-- skills in creative problem solving

The use of the English language is mandatory. The candidate will work on the following topics:

-- distributed algorithms and self-stabilizing data structures
-- fault detectors in distributed systems
-- algorithms for self-organizing group communication
-- fault tolerant wireless sensor networks

The position will be filled starting October 2011 (exact date is negotiable). Deadline for applications is 11.08.2011. More details and information about applications (including the identifier of the offer) are published on the following web-site http://www.ti5.tu-harburg.de/jobs/


For more information contact:
Prof. Volker Turau (turau at tuhh.de)

Further information about the Institute of Telematics can be found on http://www.ti5.tu-harburg.de/. Women are especially encouraged to apply. The position is in the first instance limited to two years with the possibility of extending for another year. Applications should include a detailed CV, a motivation letter, a list of your M.SC. courses and grades, a copy of your master thesis, and preferably a list of publications.
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Ph.D. Positions in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor and Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (WiSeMAN) Research Lab is looking for two highly self-motivated full-time Ph.D. students to conduct cutting-edge research in the area of wireless sensor networks.

WiSeMAN Research Lab is interested in several research topics in wireless sensor networks, including coverage, connectivity, and geographic routing and data dissemination, as well as cyber physical systems, mobile ad-hoc networks, and mobile wireless Internet.

The two Ph.D. students will be hired to join WiSeMAN Research Lab and work on an NSF funded project, which focuses on the design, analysis, and implementation
of sustainable and scalable three-dimensional wireless sensor networks.

To be considered for one of these two Ph.D. positions, the interested candidate should meet the following criteria:
- Master's of Science in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, or Mathematics.
- Solid knowledge in the area of networking and/or wireless sensor networks.
- Outstanding programming skills.
- Strong mathematics background.
- Excellent writing and communication skills in English.

Each of these two Ph.D. positions is funded for three years starting September 1, 2011.
For consideration, applications should be received by August 5, 2011 (firm deadline).

Interested candidates should submit by email the following:
- Application/motivation letter.
- Detailed curriculum vitae.
- List of publications (if any).
- Copy of Master's thesis (if any).
- List of graduate courses taken along with grades.
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PhD research studentship in Predictive Modelling with Streaming Data (Bournemouth University, UK)
PhD Studentship
Smart Technology Research Centre / Computational Intelligence Research Group

School of Design, Engineering and Computing, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom

Applications are invited for a 3 year, fully funded PhD research studentship to work on a project entitled "Handling Multiple Adaptive Elements in Predictive Modelling with Streaming Data". This project, while fully funded by the Bournemouth University, will be executed in the framework of a large EU funded INFER project (www.infer.eu).

Adaptive learning in data mining is of increasing importance as more data is organized in the form of streams rather than static databases and is expected to evolve over time. As data is changing, predictors need to be able to update themselves automatically, otherwise, as time passes, they will become inaccurate and thus useless. The proposed project will focus on how to make the prediction models automatically adaptive to changes. This project aims to develop such integrated adaptive/learning algorithms and approaches working on different time scales from real time adaptation to life long learning and optimisation within multi-component, multilevel predictive systems developed as part of the INFER project.

The student will be joining the Computational Intelligence Research Group within the Smart Technology Research Centre and will be primarily based in the School of Design, Engineering & Computing in Bournemouth but will also be required to frequently visit and work at our commercial partners' labs (REC in Poland and Evonik Industries in Germany) providing an outstanding opportunity to gain a diverse experience of both academic and commercial environments.

The studentship carries a basic remuneration of Ł13800 pa tax-free and a waiver of the full-time research student fee. There are no restrictions on the nationality of the applicants and the selection will be based on the candidate's qualifications and experience.

Applicants should have a very strong mathematical background and hold a first or upper second class honours degree or equivalent in computer science, mathematics, physics, engineering, statistics or a similar discipline. Ad***ionally the candidate should have strong programming experience using any or combination of C++, Matlab or Java.

For further details please contact Prof Bogdan Gabrys, e-mail: bgabrys@bournemouth.ac.uk or visit the following www pages: http://dec.bournemouth.ac.uk/research/studentships/pdfs/2011/gabrys2.pdf .

Interested candidates should follow the application procedure listed on the Bournemouth University web pages: http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/research/studentships/how_to_apply.html. Further details concerning the studentship and application procedure can be also obtained from the Graduate School Manager - Dr Fiona Knight, Email: graduateschool@bournemouth.ac.uk.

PhD position in Information Retrieval and Reality Sensing - Institute WeST, Germany
Dear colleagues,

PREFACE: our special request to Diploma/Master/PhD **supervisors**: from our experience, many bright Master and PhD students do not watch the common mailing lists of our community. Please forward this offer to your students, if *our* offer appears suitable for *their* interests and further academic career! Many thanks in advance!

The Institute for Web Science and Technologies (WeST) at the University of Koblenz, Germany, invites applications for a

>>> PhD position in Data Mining, Information Retrieval, and Reality Sensing <<<

to be appointed on October 1st, 2011.

The context of this offer is our upcoming EU Project "Live+Gov", devoted to Reality Sensing, Mining, and Augmentation for Mobile Citizen–Government Dialogue. The successful candidate is expected to contribute to the project field "Reality Sensing and Mining" in parallel with his/her PhD investigations.

WHAT we OFFER:

- A fully developed research institute with high visibility and impact in the field of Information Retrieval & Data Mining;

- Excellent technical infrastructure and Campus facilities for supporting your research investigations;

- Challenging research topics and international cooperations through several research projects running at WeST;

- An exciting location at the confluence of Rhine and Moselle in the heart of Europe, known for its Loreley rocks, rivers, volcanos, geysirs, outdoor activities, roman history, and best white wines in the world - optimal sources of inspiration for your research;

- The position is at the German Salary Scale TV-L 13; it is time limited, with a key objective to obtain a high-quality PhD in Computer Science (details to be discussed individually);

WHAT we EXPECT:

- You have a University Master or Diploma degree in Computer Science or related fields, with above-average scores and/or distinctions;

- Your education and research profile has a strong correlation with the target field of Information Retrival and Data Mining. Experience with mobile platforms and technologies is beneficial - but not a must;

- You are fully committed to IR&DM research in general and your PhD in particular;

HOW to APPLY:

- Your application should include a Letter of Interest (max 2 pages), the proof of your academic degree achieved so far, a recent Trancript of Records, and eventually recent Recommendation Letters from your supervisors;

- The Letter of Interest must give clear reasons for considering YOU as a suitable candidate for this position;

- University of Koblenz is an equal opportunities employer;

- Applications from international candidates are highly encouraged;

- All supplied documents must be in PDF. The overall size of your package **must not** exceed 5 Mb;

- Ready to apply? Applications should be directed via email to Sergej Sizov (http://www.uni-koblenz.de/~sizov/). For further information, please contact Dr.Dr.Sergej Sizov directly via email (sizov@uni-koblenz.de) or phone (+49-261-2872736);

- The (non-binding) deadline for your application is 30 July 2011. Applications received before this deadline will be given high priority. Apply NOW - don't submit at the eleventh hour

Yours
Sergej Sizov & Live+Gov team

PhD position in Process Mining (TU/e and Cordys)
The Architecture of Information Systems (AIS) of the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science of the Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (TU/e) is looking for a

***** PhD working on Process Mining *****

The AIS group is one of the leading groups in the exciting new field of process mining (www.processmining.org). Process mining techniques focus on process discovery (extracting process models from event logs), conformance checking (comparing normative models with the reality recorded in event logs), and extension
(extending models based on event logs). The work resulted in the development of the ProM framework that is widely used in industry and serves as a platform for new process mining techniques used by research groups all over the globe. Moreover, many of the techniques developed in the context of ProM have been embedded in commercial tools. See also www.processmining.org and the new Process Mining book http://springer.com/978-3-642-19344-6.

Currently, there is a vacancy for a PhD working on process mining project in collaboration with Cordys, a Dutch software company focusing on improving business operations (www.cordys.com). The Cordys BPM software enables organizations to change and improve processes by combining BPM and Cloud technology. As more and more customers of Cordys request process mining functionality, it becomes interesting to add process discovery, conformance checking, and extension capabilities to the Cordys platform. Therefore, a collaborative research project has been defined to advance the state-of-the-art in process mining and
to make process mining better applicable and repeatable.

The project will be conducted in the AIS group under the supervision of prof.dr. Wil van der Aalst. The AIS group is part of the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science. The candidate will be working within AIS and the Cordys in a fifty-fifty distribution (flexible).

The Architecture of Information Systems group is doing research in the area of process modeling and analysis. The group is rated as one of the leading computer science groups in the Netherlands and TU/e often seen as the epicenter of BPM research. The group uses formal methods such as Petri nets to design, analyze, and implement dynamic systems. The group is well-versed in workflow management, process mining, and process verification. See www.workflowpatterns.com,
www.workflowcourse.com, www.processmining.org, www.yawl-system.com, www.win.tue.nl/ais/, www.wvdaalst.com, and www.tue.nl for more information.


Requirements:

We are looking for a candidate who meets the following requirements:
- a solid background in Computer Science and interested in process mining;
- knowledge of data mining and machine learning and/or process modeling and formal methods (demonstrated by a relevant Master);
- candidates from non-Dutch or non-English speaking countries should be prepared to prove their English language skills;
- good communicative skills in English, both in speaking and in writing;
- moreover, candidates are expected to realize research ideas in terms of software.

Note that we are looking for candidates that really want to make a difference and like to work on things that have a high practical relevance. Therefore, we expect people to be able to develop software for Cordys BPM and ProM in such a way that it can be used in industrial settings.

Appointment and salary:

Gross monthly salaries are in accordance with the Collective Labor Agreement of the Dutch Universities (CAO NU), increasing from €2042 per month initially,
to €2612 in the fourth year.

See http://www.tue.nl/en/university/working-at-tue/ and http://www.vsnu.nl/Workstudy/Universities-as-employers-.htm for more information on working at TU/e, salary, etc.


Application:
Interested candidates are requested to send an application by e-mail to Ine van der Ligt (e-mail: wsinfsys@tue.nl) with the subject field "Process Mining Vacancy AIS".

The application should consist of the following parts:
- motivational letter;
- a curriculum vitae;
- copies of diplomas;
- proof of English language skills (if applicable).

Applications should be received by August 19th 2011 and preferably earlier. Moreover, candidates should relate their expertise to process mining research (cf. www.processmining.org).

PhD positions in Machine Learning and Bioinformatics in Genoa (Italy)
The call for some funded positions for the 3 years PhD studies in Computer Science at DISI Dept. Computer and Information Sciences- University of Genoa (ITALY)(see http://www.disi.unige.it/dottorato/) is available at http://www.studenti.unige.it/node/3941/ (in English) and http://www.studenti.unige.it/node/3940/ (in Italian). The deadline for application Sept 23th 2011 and the PhD courses and fellowships should start on Jan 2012. More info are at http://www.disi.unige.it/dottorato/.

The DISI's research group on Soft computing and Machine Learning is working on many projects on Computational Intelligence, Machine Learning, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, as described at http://www.disi.unige.it/person/MasulliF/ricerca/index.html, and is looking for a PhD candidate self-motivated, interested to the mathematical aspects of his research and to the development of new algorithms for intelligent data analysis, and skilled in programming and in thorough experimental data analysis.

The candidate's qualification should be a master in Computer Sciences, Mathematics, Physics or Engineering. The new PhD student will a member of the Soft computing and Machine Learning group and will collaborate to its research projects and publications.

Italian and international students interested in this PhD position are invited to send A.S.A.P. their cv and the name/email-address of 3 referees to Prof. Francesco Masulli at the email address masulli@disi.unige.it

Các bác cho em hỏi năm 2012 có cái hoc bổng PhD nào về ngành Sinh thái, Môi trường ở Châu Âu không chỉ giúp em với. Em xin cảm ơn và hậu tạ

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