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Các thắc mắc nhỏ về tiếng Anh: dịch, từ, ngữ pháp...

Chủ đề trong 'Anh (English Club)' bởi binhjuventus, 17/04/2008.

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  1. SirZozzo

    SirZozzo Thành viên rất tích cực

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  2. pipebamboo

    pipebamboo Thành viên mới

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    Các bạn ui, giúp mình dịch cụm từ này với, "Performance Based Contracting" trong câu "Launceston General Hospital: Saving a million dollars in operational costs through Performance Based Contracting", và "Energy Performance Based Contract" trong câu "The LGH entered into an Energy Performance Based Contract (PBC) that enabled it to upgrade its engineering services - while still providing consistent quality of care within the Hospital"
    Mình lọ mọ dịch mãi mà vẫn chưa thấy hợp lý nên mới vào đâu nhờ các cao thủ. Cám ơn các bạn trước nhé.
  3. alexanderthegreat

    alexanderthegreat Thành viên mới Đang bị khóa

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    cho thêm chút context nữa đi. Tìm thì thấy nó toàn đòi tiên mới cho đọc cả bài
  4. amigo_hn

    amigo_hn Thành viên mới

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    Tra google thấy "Three Dimensionalize"được dùng nhiều nhất.
    Trong khi đó, "stereo-graphicalize" không cho ra kết quả
  5. pangolin

    pangolin Thành viên mới

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    Cả bài khá là dài, mình coppy lên đây khoảng 1/3 bài, cám ơn bạn nhiều nhé.
    Launceston General Hospital: Saving a million dollars in operational costs through Performance Based Contracting
    The Launceston General Hospital (LGH) is a 300 bed public hospital providing acute care facilities for residents of Launceston and the Northern Region of Tasmania, Australia. The LGH entered into an Energy Performance Based Contract (PBC) that enabled it to upgrade its engineering services - while still providing consistent quality of care within the Hospital. This arrangement generated significant annual energy savings and substantially reduced LHG''s maximum demand for power services.
    Background
    The LGH, like most hospitals, had much of its working capital tied up in operations, including a substantial portion in ongoing maintenance costs. There was no structured energy management process in place at the LGH when Honeywell approached it with the new concept of an Energy Management Performance Contract. Honeywell had previously initiated Energy Management Performance Contracts in the United States, but the LGH was Honeywell''s first energy management performance contract in Australia.
    Honeywell was able to provide the opportunity for the LGH to upgrade plant and equipment, with the added advantage that the LGH did not have to use it''s own funds to do the upgrade work. The Hospital decided to enter into the Performance Based Contract (PBC) because it recognised the benefits of this opportunity. Honeywell had an excisting maintenance contract at the Hospital, so there was already an established working relationship between the two parties. Once the process was proven in Stage 1, Honeywell was able to identify more saving opportunities and proposed further actions.
    The Process
    The building services at the LGH were from an era during which energy costs were relatively inexpensive. When these systems were designed and installed there was no real focus on saving energy. For example, some of the air handling systems did not include return air so the heating loads in winter were unnecessarily high. While the LGH monitored energy consumption, they had not focussed on the potential savings and other benefits that could be achieved. The efficiency performance of the previous systems had therefore been considered acceptable within the prevailing knowledge boundaries and budgetary constraints. It wasn''t until Honeywell approached the LGH providing a clear measure of how and where the savings could be made, and how these changes could be implemented within LGH budget constraints, that Honeywell''s services were employed. The prime motivator for the LGH was financial with the ad***ional incentive of reducing energy use.
    Performance Based Contracts - An Important Eco-Efficiency Tool
    PBCs are a useful technique and particularly helpful towards implementing Cleaner Production initiatives where the availability of capital or expertise is otherwise limiting. Under PBCs, a third party adopts the risk for managing a discrete part of an organisation''s operations and gains financial rewards for increasing the efficiency of this aspect of the business. Depending on the terms of the agreement, the savings made by the organisation are used to pay the consultant and to purchase equipment or upgrade services. Ongoing savings eventually fully benefit the principal organisation. PBCs can be used for organisations'' inputs and outputs, and have been successfully applied in areas such as transport, energy, waste and chemical use. More information about performance based contracts.
    Cleaner Production Initiative
    The PBC between the LGH and Honeywell was based on guaranteed savings. If the agreed savings were not met, Honeywell would pay the difference. The contract provided enough savings to enable the LGH to upgrade boilers and chillers; utilise a dual energy supply for extra savings in energy, and shift the timing of loading for energy and heating.
    The PBC started with an au*** and the implementation of programs targeting almost all of the LGH''s energy producing equipment, followed by an evaluation of the operating costs. The detailed 2-month au*** scrutinised all resources including water, electricity, heating, cooling and lighting. Upgrades were conducted after the initial au*** undertaken in 1995. Programs were established and implemented in three stages.
    Honeywell invested the money to fund Stage 1 upfront and were paid back based on the results of any savings made. If the LGH didn''t make savings then Honeywell would pay the difference based on the energy of the prior year being used as the benchmark. Under the agreement these activities were fully self-funding by Stage 2 of the programme. The contract was conducted concurrently with a maintenance contract that involved the installation and upgrade of the Hospital''s control system. This new system could manage plant and equipment through smart control and software - thereby providing the LGH with a state-of-the-art management system.
    The concurrent maintenance contract was essential in assisting the LGH get the best maintenance and energy tariffs to fully capitalise on the upgrades. With ''unit of demand'' tariffs being based on the highest 15 minutes of use for that year and used for the next 12 months on tariff rate it was essential to maintain energy efficiency and manage peak loads. At the end of 2003 the plant upgrade will be paid out and Honeywell will have no more claim on the savings.
    The guaranteed savings were estimated from the initial energy au***. Outputs were then constantly measured to convert savings into dollars, and ongoing monitoring highlighted further savings throughout the stages. The LGH will make comparison savings of approximately $1.1 million per annum and have achieved upgrade of its plant.
    Stage 1
    As part of the first stage, the excisting building control system was upgraded to reduce energy usage. Through the initial au***, major inefficiencies were identified and Honeywell set a goal of $387,890 savings over 21 months as part of the contract and guaranteed to cover the shortfall if these savings were not achieved.
    The first step was to install a graphic central head-end for 24 hour monitoring of air-con***ioning, security and fire systems. Upgrades were also made to the central plant equipment control systems, including the provision of economy cycles to air handling units enabling the use of outside air when it was efficient to do so. This was also conducted at Stage 2 and 3. Honeywell refined the chiller and boiler controls so that much of the radiant heat and electric ducting was put onto load shedding and duty cycles. Greater control allowed the operators to level out the peak energy use, which had not been achievable before.
    Stage 2
    As a consequence of the success of Stage 1, the Hospital entered into Stage 2, which included the conversion of three 20,000-litre capacity hot water storage tanks. This enabled LGH to heat water overnight when the electrical load is low - thus reducing the maximum peak demand during the day. Stage 2 also added economy cycles to the air-handling units enabling the use of outside air for cooling. Lighting controls were also introduced, and following these changes the guaranteed savings after Stage 2 were $300,000 per annum.
  6. tamthoi08

    tamthoi08 Thành viên mới

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  7. alexanderthegreat

    alexanderthegreat Thành viên mới Đang bị khóa

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    Úc cũng lắm trò quá.. Bọn nó định nghĩa thế này
    http://www.environment.gov.au/settlements/industry/corporate/pbc.html
    contract hay contracting có lẽ dịch là "gọi thầu" thì chính xác hơn là "thầu". Khái niêm PBC có gôc từ ngành điện nên cũng muốn dùng 1 từ nghe cho có vẻ điện 1 chút ==>gọi thầu hiệu năng
    ...entered into an Energy Performance Based Contract (PBC) ==> áp dụng cơ chế gọi thầu hiệu năng
    Được alexanderthegreat sửa chữa / chuyển vào 06:28 ngày 18/10/2008
  8. pipebamboo

    pipebamboo Thành viên mới

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    Cám ơn bạn nhé, quả là 1 từ đắt đấy
  9. vivacious

    vivacious Thành viên quen thuộc

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    Câu The timing is unusual to say the least thì dịch thế nào được nhỉ?
  10. alexanderthegreat

    alexanderthegreat Thành viên mới Đang bị khóa

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    Context?
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