Chiến thuật chống tank hiện đại bằng RPG

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TGSM
BAT
SADARM
BONUS
ACED
SMART

Giới thiệu một SADARM của Nga-STS
One of the promising trends
to improve multiple rocket
launcher systems (MRLS) is
a development of rocket
projectiles equipped with
submunitions having artificial
intellect elements, which ensure
search, identification and defeat of
single armored targets in the composition
of group destruction objectives.
Modern battle tanks and selfpropelled
gun mounts are highly
maneuverable and feature powerful
armor protection. This factor ensures
their low vulnerability to tra***ional
antitank munitions. In the recent
years, new effective means have
been developed to protect armor
materiel against HEAT and APDS
munitions: combined armor made of
various laminated materials; applique
and built-in ERA; active protection
assets acting on a homing projectile
so as to change its trajectory, hinder
in target hitting and sharply decrease
its effectiveness. In the near future,
front and side protection capability of
armored targets may become so high
that it will be possible to defeat them
only if munitions hit the target at its
poorly protected top armor.
The first R&D work, carried out in
the late 1970s ?" in the early 1980s,
showed the possibility and prospects
of developing such munitions for
MRLS able to effectively defeat top
armor (that is mostly vulnerable) of
armored targets in troop concentration
areas and on the march at a significant
distance from a combat contact line.
To fight against armored materiel,
various antitank means can be used,
such as munitions for remote antitank
minefield laying, cluster munitions
with hollow-charge fragmentation
submunitions, and the so-called
smart munitions.
In the recent years, smart artillery
munitions have been developed. The
munition smartness envisages
primarily reliable defeat of armored
targets. One of the trends involving
the creation of such munitions is the
development of self-targeting (as a
rule, cluster type) submunitions.
Such munitions are intended to
defeat armored targets in troop
concentration areas or on the march.
Selection of a target by such a smart
self-targeting submunition (STS) is
based on a simple principle: the first
target, which comes into the view of a
STS-mounted target seeker, will be
immediately attacked. Foreign press
reviews show that armies of the
leading countries are engaged in
the development of self-targeting
submunitions.
This factor is attributed to the
following causes:
? munitions with the self-targeting
submunitions are relatively simple
and tra***ional in production for
artillery;
? such projectiles are relatively
cheap and consequently feature high
armored materiel defeating characteristics
in terms of the effectiveness-cost
criterion;
? the self-targeting submunitions
can employ both multispectral thermal
and combined sensors. Therewith,
taking into account that the target
detection height is within the ranges
of not more than 200 m, the target
detection probability increases
steadily;
? the self-targeting submunitions
penetrate the tank top armor, which
is the most vulnerable, from a height
of up to 200 m and defeat today''''s any
well-known battle tank, including the
ERA-protected ones;
? munitions with the self-targeting
submunitions can enhance combat
effectiveness primarily due to an
increase of an armor penetration
range and zone of vision.
The development of a MRLSbased
highly effective weapon
intended to defeat armored materiel
is a complex research and engineering
problem. To solve it, the Splav State
Research and Production Enterprise
has worked out a radically new
methodology of designing and
experimental developments. Being
on the flight trajectory, rocket projectiles
with smart submunitions have a number
of distinctive features associated with
separation of their warheads from the
rocket motor, actuation of a braking
and orientation system, delivery and
programmed separation of submunitions
in a high-speed airflow. Consequently,
one of the key problems involving the
creation of such munitions is the
development of a comprehensive
functioning mathematical model,
which simulates all the projectile
flight trajectory legs, including the
self-targeting submunition autonomous
flight in a target search and detection
mode when delivering single or ripple
fire. Peculiar attention is given in the
mathematical model to comutation of
combat effectiveness indices of the
STS-equipped rocket projectiles: an
anticipated mathematical target
destruction rate and the probability of
inflicting damage, which is not less
than the assigned value, on the
target.
The first MRLS rocket projectile
with the self-targeting submunitions
developed by the Splav State
Research and Production Enterprise
and adopted for service was a
300mm 9M55K1 rocket projectile for
the Smerch MRL system. The general
view of this rocket projectile and its
functional diagram are given in Fig. 1.
The development of this rocket
projectile was associated with a
number of design problems, first of
all:
? delivering its components to a
minimum possible height, from which
an autonomous operation of the
submunition starts. This problem was
solved by equipping the rocket
projectile with a warhead-mounted
container to accommodate an
altimeter in its nose section;
? providing serviceability of a
parachute system in various firing
modes due to parachute container
opening with a time delay relative to
a moment of separation of the warhead
from the projectile, during which the
warhead moves with high angles of
attack;
? ensuring a maximum zone of
observation of the target concentration
area, which required a programmed
separation of submunitions.
The STS-equipped rocket projectiles
developed for MRL systems of other
calibers have a somewhat different
? munitions with the self-targeting
submunitions can enhance combat
effectiveness primarily due to an
increase of an armor penetration
range and zone of vision.
The development of a MRLSbased
highly effective weapon
intended to defeat armored materiel
is a complex research and engineering
problem. To solve it, the Splav State
Research and Production Enterprise
has worked out a radically new
methodology of designing and
experimental developments. Being
on the flight trajectory, rocket projectiles
with smart submunitions have a number
of distinctive features associated with
separation of their warheads from the
rocket motor, actuation of a braking
and orientation system, delivery and
programmed separation of submunitions
in a high-speed airflow. Consequently,
one of the key problems involving the
creation of such munitions is the
development of a comprehensive
functioning mathematical model,
which simulates all the projectile
flight trajectory legs, including the
self-targeting submunition autonomous
flight in a target search and detection
mode when delivering single or ripple
fire. Peculiar attention is given in the
mathematical model to comutation of
combat effectiveness indices of the
STS-equipped rocket projectiles: an
anticipated mathematical target
destruction rate and the probability of
inflicting damage, which is not less
than the assigned value, on the
target.
The first MRLS rocket projectile
with the self-targeting submunitions
developed by the Splav State
Research and Production Enterprise
and adopted for service was a
300mm 9M55K1 rocket projectile for
the Smerch MRL system. The general
view of this rocket projectile and its
functional diagram are given in Fig. 1.
The development of this rocket
projectile was associated with a
number of design problems, first of
all:
? delivering its components to a
minimum possible height, from which
an autonomous operation of the
submunition starts. This problem was
solved by equipping the rocket
projectile with a warhead-mounted
container to accommodate an
altimeter in its nose section;
? providing serviceability of a
parachute system in various firing
modes due to parachute container
opening with a time delay relative to
a moment of separation of the warhead
from the projectile, during which the
warhead moves with high angles of
attack;
? ensuring a maximum zone of
observation of the target concentration
area, which required a programmed
separation of submunitions.
The STS-equipped rocket projectiles
developed for MRL systems of other
calibers have a somewhat different
ballistic functioning pattern that
is optimal for the given rocket
projectiles.
For example, as to the 122mm
rocket projectile developed for the
Grad MRL system, after passing the
active trajectory leg, separation of
the warhead from the rocket section
takes place and the self-targeting
submunitions are dispensed on
the command signal fed from an
electronic timing device. After that,
each submunition functions according to
its own cyclogram. The STS drag
chute system becomes deployed,
and the altimeter starts operating.
After descending to a preset height
and acceleration to a required flight
speed, the self-targeting submunition is
brought to combat position. In so
doing, the drag chute gets jettisoned,
the main drag chute system becomes
deployed, the submunition spins up
to a required speed, the target
seeker''''s optical unit opens, and the
submunition starts operating in
the target search mode.
The antitank MRL systems of
several calibers adopted in Russia
are economically feasible, since the
solution of near-zone fire missions
by the 122mm rocket projectiles is
1.5-3 times cheaper than by the
long-range MRL systems. A firing
range increase inevitably calls for
ad***ional material expen***ures.
However, even in this case, the
MRLS rocket projectiles with self-
targeting submunitions are an
effective weapon to defeat armored
materiel, since the cost of a defeating
salvo by the STS-equipped rocket
projectiles is lower than the cost of
combat equipment to be defeated: by
10-100 times, in terms of battle
tanks, and by 2.5-25 times, in terms
of self-propelled gun mounts.
To estimate combat effectiveness
of modern expensive rocket projectiles,
an experimental-theoretical procedure
has been worked out and is currently
used. Along with results of live firing
at targets or their simulators, this
procedure uses the information
obtained experimentally or estimatedly
about separate stages of developmental
tests of the rocket projectile as
a whole or its components in
particular. The determination of
the combat effectiveness final index,
i. e. a mathematical expectation of
damage or defeat probability with an
assigned damage level, is carried out
on the basis of an index of STS
individual action effectiveness by
mathematical modeling of a process
of defeating various targets at different
ranges and in all operating con***ions.
The flight tests of STS-equipped
rocket projectiles confirm their
capability *****ccessfully execute
combat missions at any time of the
year, by day and night. Figure 2
illustrates the results of firing
determined by optical means at a
target field by 300mm rocket
projectiles equipped with five
self-targeting submunitions at
summer night and by winter day. In
both cases, four self-targeting
submunitions out of five detected the
targets at different altitudes, and
three targets were defeated.
In compliance with the universally
accepted definition of high-precision
weapons (one projectile ?" one hit),
the obtained results make it possible
to conclude that currently the MRL
systems intended to defeat area
targets can effectively defeat individual
objects, which significantly extends
their combat capabilities.
The research and engineering
experience, accumulated by the
Splav State Research and Production
Enterprise over the past few decades
in the field of designing and
experimental-design developments
of the MRL systems intended to
effectively fight against armor
materiel, makes it possible to draw a
conclusion that the MRL systems
fielded in the Russian Army are
effective and economically feasible,
since they can accomplish a wide
range of combat missions to the
entire tactical depth of the defenses
with the lowest costs.


Được gulfoil sửa chữa / chuyển vào 10:10 ngày 31/03/2005

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Bạn xem thêm
http://www.armada.ch/99-3/004.htm

[/quote]
Cám ơn gulfoil. Ý tớ muốn hỏi là trong cái đoạn phim thứ hai đấy, người ta muốn nói cái gì, vì tớ không hiểu cái ống dài dài dựng đứng đấy là cái gì.
Cái trong hình trên giống hàng của Bofor. Hai cái ''tai'' to đùng hai bên.

Ký thuật STS mới có. Hiện nay ba trung tâm vũ khí hàng đầu là châu Âu, Mỹ và Nga đều có những sản phẩm loại này. Em chú ý đến sản phẩm của châu Âu. Chúng bắn từ cối hay giàn tên lửa nhiều nòng. Cái đặc diểm nổi bật là trên đầu khu vực mục tiêu, các đầu đạn liên lạc với nhau tranh một "đơn vị". Mỗi đầu đạn nhận dạng các mục tiêu dưới đất, ưu tiên mục tiêu đang di động, cả "đơn vị" đầu đạn chia nhau tấn công không trùng nhau.
Smerch của Nga phóng thứ đạn như trên.

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Bây giờp Mỹ ,Anh, Ý, Đức và Pháp có chương trình làm giàn hoả tiễn có điều khiển-GMLRS
Loại này có 2 loại
1-GULRS-Là loại hoả tiễn có một đầu đạn con
2-GULRS-Là loạ hỏa tiễn có nhiều đạn con-XM30 là loại Mỹ đã bắt đầu cho sản xuất vào năm 2005
Guided MLRS (XM30)
The Guided MLRS (GMLRS) rocket is being developed under an international cooperative program with the United States, United Kingdom, Italy, France and Germany. GMLRS will have a global positioning system aided inertial guidance package integrated in a rocket body. Ad***ionally, small canards on the guided rocket nose will add basic maneuverability to further enhance the accuracy of the system.
? Began EMD in FY99
? Maximum range 60+ km
? Accuracy measured in meters
? Modular design facilitates future growth
? Warhead payload of 404 DPICM bomblets


Lockheed Martin
Missiles and Fire Control

Guided Unitary MLRS
A pre-planned product improvement to GMLRS
Integrates approximately 200 pound Unitary Warhead into the GMLRS
Enhanced anti-jam and accuracy processor
Low cost/risk program to greatly reduce collateral damage
One round, one kill capability
LOCKHEED MARTIN RECEIVES $85 MILLION TO PRODUCE 840 GUIDED MLRS ROCKETS FOR THE U.S. ARMY
DALLAS, TX, March 5, 2004 ?" Lockheed Martin [NYSE: LMT] has received $85 million from the U.S. Army to produce 840 Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System (GMLRS) rockets under a Low-Rate Initial Production II (LRIP II) contract.
The GMLRS rocket is the latest ad***ion to the MLRS family of munitions. GMLRS is an all-weather, precision-guided rocket that provides increased accuracy, thus reducing the number of rockets necessary to defeat current targets by as much as 80 percent. GMLRS provides increased precision and maneuverability, and can be fired from both the MLRS M270A1 launcher and the High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) launcher.
GMLRS is an international cooperative program between the U.S., U.K., Italy, France and Germany. Work on this contract will be conducted at the Lockheed Martin facilities in Dallas, TX, Camden, AR, and Lufkin, TX.
?oGMLRS is an excellent example of a spiral development program that will meet the fire support needs of the current and Future Force by building on the combat proven MLRS family of munitions,? said Ron Abbott, Lockheed Martin vice president of Tactical Missiles.
The GMLRS program completed a 48-month System Development and Demonstration phase in December 2002 after successfully completing Production Qualification Flight Testing. The U.S. Army is planning to produce more than 100,000 GMLRS rockets. The LRIP I contract for GMLRS was awarded in June 2003.
GMLRS rockets have a range exceeding 70 kilometers. The system incorporates a GPS-aided inertial guidance package integrated on a product-improved rocket body. Small canards on the guided rocket nose provide basic maneuverability and enhance the accuracy of the system.
Headquartered in Bethesda, MD, Lockheed Martin employs about 130,000 people worldwide and is principally engaged in the research, design, development, manufacture and integration of advanced technology systems, products and services.

Cám ơn gulfoil. Ý tớ muốn hỏi là trong cái đoạn phim thứ hai đấy, người ta muốn nói cái gì, vì tớ không hiểu cái ống dài dài dựng đứng đấy là cái gì.
Cái trong hình trên giống hàng của Bofor. Hai cái ''''tai'''' to đùng hai bên.
[/quote]
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Bạn nói về đạn Bonus và Strix- Không hiểu độ xuyên thép là bao nhiêu nhỉ ?

Độ xuyên thép của cái này thấp. Một loại mìn của Nga dùng diệt tank với cơ chế tương tự có khả năng xuyên thủng 100mm thép (không rõ loại thép gì-http://warfare.ru/?catid=317&linkid=2488). Trang FAS cũng mô tả thí nghiệm với EFP, xuyên thủng khoảng 3 inch thép (è hè, lười coi lại quá).
Nói chung là xuyên thép kém, nhưng thứ này chuyên dùng tấn công vào nóc xe. Có thể không làm cháy nổ xe nhưng gây hỏng hóc để loại xe khỏi vòng chiến đấu.
Nhược điểm: Độ chính xác bị ảnh hưởng bởi gió (mìn thì có lẽ ít bị ảnh hưởng hơn, nhưng cái này là ý kiến riêng)...
Ưu điểm: Bye bye Arena. Dàn bảo vệ Arena chắc là không ngóc radar lên để quét trên đầu được. ERA cũng kém tác dụng vì cơ chế tấn công của EFP tương tự như của APFSDS....
Giá thì hơi cao. Cái có hai tai to đùng của Bofor trên kia giá khoảng trên dưới U$60k. Một viên đạn pháo cargo mang hai em này đổi được một căn hộ khá đẹp và rộng ở HN

Ngoài Smerch có đạn Smart là loại 300mm thì Nga còn có loại nhỏ hơn 122 mm cho loại dàn hoả tiễn Grad,Grad1 và Prima với tầm bắn 20-21 km
Grad
Prima
Đạn 9M217

Chi tiết về Grad-Prima

9M217 122mm Unguided Rocket Projectile
fitted with Sensor-Fuzed Submunitions
Scattering Cluster Warhead

The RP is designed to engage armored materiel (tanks, ICVs, ATCs, self-propelled artillery mounts).

Technical specifications
Caliber 122 mm
Weight 70 kg
Weight of the warhead 25 kg
Length 3037 mm
Range of fire up to 30 km
Number of submunitions 2
Armour piercing capability
(homogenous armor at the angle
of 30 deg. of perpendicular deflection
from the distance of 100 m)
60-70 mm
Operating temperature range
of combat employment -50..+50 °C