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Fraud Analysis in IP and Next-Generation Networks

Tự Trắc Nghiệm
1. Losses due to telecom fraud worldwide are estimated around ______________________. a. $10 million annually
b. $100 million annually
c. $1 billion annually
d. $40 billion annually

2. Firewalls analyze traffic _______________________. a. at the IP layer
b. at the application layer
c. at the physical layer
d. at all layers

3. IP networks are less susceptible to fraud than telephony networks since they incorporate various encryption mechanisms. a. true
b. false

4. Shared mediums allow for easier password sniffing. a. true
b. false

5. Privacy laws and data protection legislation ______________________________________. a. allow service providers to easily prosecute fraudsters
b. are handling only IT security issues and not network security issues
c. may sometimes allow a fraudster to continue their scams with a different provider
d. have nothing to do with telecom fraud

6. User location and MAC address information are typically available from ________________. a. the billing records
b. access network elements
c. core routers and switches
d. RADIUS and other authentication servers

7. Which of the following is an advantage of threshold-based analysis? a. It doesn''t require any user configuration.
b. It practically detects many of the fraud organizations.
c. It is especially useful for detecting fake cellular handles.

8. Which of the following is an advantage of profile-based analysis? a. It doesn''t require any user configuration.
b. It is the simplest method to implement in an FMS.
c. It is very useful for monitoring new subscribers.

9. Expert systems scale better than profile-based systems. a. true
b. false

10. Which of the following algorithms has the quality that it requires minimal configuration? a. threshold-based analysis
b. inference rules analysis
c. neural networks

Motivation to NGN
Three years after the bursting of the telecommunications technology bubble the industry is still in the middle of a major consolidation. Networks have been built and extended that speculated on a demand that has not yet become reality. Once built - with tremendous monetary involvement - network operators and service providers obviously want to keep this infrastructure in place as long as it makes economic sense. But this by no means implies complacency. Competition never sleeps and optimization pays off more than ever before.
With this in mind, operators today have the option of following two strategies that are complementary in nature:
õ? Provision of new services to boost revenues
õ? Exploitation of OPEX and CAPEX savings potentials
The Next Generation Network (NGN), converging voice and data into a single network, is the definitive means of achieving these goals. An NGN saves CAPEX and OPEX and permits fast and cost-effective creation of new services and applications.
Therefore building an NGN is the common goal but different starting points exist, be this legacy TDM, ATM or a network infrastructure already based on Ethernet.
Many products provide smooth and cost-effective migration towards an all-IP and optics converged network for every type of service and application. It encompasses a complete range of carrier-grade IP network solutions for building NGNs.
Market drivers towards NGN
Deregulation and liberalization activities in the voice market challenge operators to stay competitive by optimizing their network infrastructure and business processes, grab the opportunities of the fast growing Broadband access and IP market segment and yet consolidate their financial situation. This can be best achieved by step-bystep investment in the network infrastructure and services offering immediate
economic benefits, and a consistent migration towards future networks and services. As a consequence all conceivable investment decisions have to aim at maximizing operatorsõ?T Return on Assets (ROA).
In this context the first and obvious question is how to make best use of existing resources. Nowadays, a big challenge is to modernize networks to better serve endcustomersõ?T needs while minimizing capital expen***ures. Consequently an essential
goal is to protect past investments and yet to leverage the latest technological advances.
Another driver for a network migration towards NGN is the nticipated reduction of operational expen***ures. Tra***ional technologies are reaching their limits as far as scalability and flexibility are concerned. Attempts to face market challenges with
tra***ional networks may even escalate operational expen***ures. Therefore, a less complex network solution leading to simplification and consolidation of the existing
architecture is urgently required.
Finally, it is critical to be able to come up with offerings that keep customers digging into their pockets. Large amounts of money continue to be invested in broadband access and IP networks to fulfill the rising demand for broadband services.
However, so far revenues are not growing at the same rate as traffic and voice revenues still account for the largest part of earnings. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the voice business running, while grasping existing and upcoming high-margin usiness opportunities, particularly in the broadband arena. The first IP-based services, such as messaging solutions, are already emerging. Many more are being tested and the future will see a large variety of new services and combinations with existing ones appearing.
In this situation it becomes extremely important to rely on lexible network solutions allowing quick realization and implementation of innovative applications and services, which õ?" we are convinced - will be based on IP, open standards and a
distributed architecture. The vali***y of these drivers is reflected by the NGN world market figures. Operators are already investing in NGN technologies today.
ĐặỏằÊc alibaba00 sỏằưa chỏằa / chuyỏằfn vào 15:43 ngày 19/09/2005
ĐặỏằÊc alibaba00 sỏằưa chỏằa / chuyỏằfn vào 07:12 ngày 20/09/2005
Được alibaba00 sửa chữa / chuyển vào 07:13 ngày 20/09/2005

The return on assets strategy
Maximizing the returns
Operators are increasingly focusing their attention on aximizing their Return on Assets. We call the strategy we are pursuing õ?~Maximizing Return on Assetsõ?T. It addresses the two main economic levers in the carrier business - the revenue side by facilitating the creation of new revenue streams and the cost side, i.e. keeping OPEX and CAPEX under control.
Because of todayõ?Ts focus on reducing the resources allocated to network management, we provide an NGN with smart features that enable the network to manage itself and balance its load while giving carriers a full suite of network management options.
The strategy we have adopted has three interdependent levels: demand-oriented infrastructure and technology, self-managing networks, and revenue-generating applications.
õ? Demand-oriented infrastructure and technology
The first step in cutting costs is to improve the utilization of existing network capacity and also to protect investment in legacy equipment. With a converged network, you can exploit economies of scale and increase the network base load.
At the same time, convergence itself reduces operating cost because it goes hand in hand with network optimization. Convergence aids carriers in coping with both traffic volatility and volume.
õ? Self-managing network
In the self-managing network, network elements respond to changing traffic loads and traffic priorities. Here we are applying the connectionless IP paradigm. The simplicity and flexibility of IP and its capability to carry all types of traffic eliminate the need for intermediate network layers on top of the optical transport layer. The result is a network that fulfills all of today''s and tomorrows networking needs, but compared to existing infrastructures has much fewer network elements, and is easier to manage.
As Internet traffic booms, we will see the majority of all traffic - Internet and voice - move to one type of technology and this will obviously be IP. This means that all areas of the network - transport, access and switching - will ultimately be optimized
for IP because this clearly reduces operating and capital expenses.
õ? Revenue-generating applications
Based on an optimized network infrastructure, carriers must have the flexibility to quickly roll out new services and applications to generate revenue. Attractive new services and applications defuse competitive challenges and generate profits.
But how to acquire a multitude of applications? The basic necessities are an open platform and access to a variety of application developers.

Được alibaba00 sửa chữa / chuyển vào 09:09 ngày 20/09/2005

Multi-service switching forum
Voice and data networks today can be seen as two separate worlds. One is the switched POTS/ISDN network, which provides high quality and real-time services. The other comprises packet-based networks, especially the best-effort Internet with cost-efficient data-services, like e-mail, file transfer and World Wide Web. In order to seize the voice-data business on a large scale the Next Generation Network (NGN) converges these two worlds into one.
The NGN architecture implements the recommendations of the Multiservice Switching Forum (MSF), the international forum of leading operators and suppliers.
A current PSTN switch is characterized as follows:
õ? Integrated functionality:
A switch terminates external interfaces, provides switching functionality and offers call features.
õ? Proprietary platforms and feature development for every vendor''s switching system.
õ? Standard IN interface for externally provided advanced services.
As opposed to this, the main characteristics of the distributed exchange are:
õ? Distributed functionality to flexibly adapt to changing environments, allowing for selective evolution of individual NGN components.
õ? Open Platforms with standardized open interfaces *****pport competitive markets for NGN components.
õ? Standard IN interfaces as well as new open and standardized interfaces *****pport advanced end-customer applications.
The distributed exchange in the Next Generation Network (NGN) consists of the following components:
õ? P-based Backbone- to efficiently support voice-data multimedia applications and to optimize the utilization of the networks with the simplified bandwidth management
mainly caused by the self-routing capability of IP. A switching network is no longer needed.
õ? Centralized intelligence õ?" to provide today''s voice user services as well as allowing for a fast and flexible introduction of new revenue-generating services. The Softswitch provides Trunk and Local Switch features.
õ? Media gateway technology õ?" to connect trunks from existing circuit-switched fixed and mobile networks to the IP-based NGN.
õ? Access gateway technology õ?" to connect any type of access technology to the NGN, whether it be IP-based, xDSL broadband or tra***ional POTS /ISDN.

(to be continued ...)

Dạ, cảm ơn anh Thuyền đã quan tâm đến thread này, báo cáo anh Thuyền ghi chú cho hình vẽ như sau:
- Đường màu xanh là tín hiệu voice or data ở dạng TDM (Time Division Multiplex), được đưa từ exchange PSTN truyền thống đến.
- Đường màu đỏ là tín hiệu voice or data ở dạng IP, chính là tín hiệu TDM ở đầu vào được chuyển đổi sang IP nhờ vào các Media Gateway, tất nhiên để đưa vào mạng IP cần có thêm các Router (Edge Router và Core Router).
- Đường cam chấm chấm là giao thức MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol) giống y chang anh Thuyền nói. Đây là giao thức điều khiển Media Gateway, còn có thể là MEGACO (H.248), dùng để báo hiệu giữa MGC(Media Gateway Controller) và MG (Media Gateway). Chức năng MGC được thể hiện trong hình vẽ là Signalling Gateway và Softswitch.
- Đường chấm chấm màu đỏ và có chữ SS7 là báo hiệu số 7 kết nối từ MGC đến exchange. SS7 có thể nối trực tiếp từ MGC đến exchange bằng TDM hoặc cũng có thể tạo kết nối Nail-up Connection thông qua mạng IP.
Như thế đã được chưa ạ? Nếu anh có gì thắc mắc, xin vui lòng đặt câu hỏi!
Được alibaba00 sửa chữa / chuyển vào 07:39 ngày 21/09/2005