Cuộc chiến dưới đáy biển giữa Liên Xô và Anh

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Making the hull
4 Steel plates, approximately 2-3 in (5.1-7.6 cm) thick, are obtained from steel manufacturers. These plates are cut to the proper size with acetylene torches.
5 The cut steel plates are moved between large metal rollers under tons of pressure. The rollers, each about 28 in (71.1 cm) in diameter and about 15 ft (4.6 m) long, are set up so that one roller rests on two others. As the steel plate moves under the top roller and over the two bottom rollers it is bent into a curve. The plate is rolled back and forth until the desired curvature is obtained.
6 The curved steel plates are placed around a wooden template that outlines the shape of the hull. They are then welded together by hand to form a section of the hull. The section is lifted by a crane and placed next to another section. The two sections are rolled slowly under an automatic welder, which seals them together. The rotating sections move beneath the welder several times, resulting in an extremely strong seam.
7 The welded sections are strengthened by welding curved, T-shaped steel ribs around them. These are made by heating bars of steel until they are soft enough to bend. Automatic hammers strike the ends of the bar, producing a curve matching the hull.
8 Welding several sections together produces an inner hull. The same process is repeated to form an outer hull. The inner hull is welded to steel ribs that are then welded to the outer hull. The steel ribs separate the two hulls, allowing space for the ballast tanks that control the depth of the submarine. The outer hull only extends as far as the bottom and sides of the inner hull, allowing the submarine to remain upright.
9 Meanwhile, steel plates are welded in place inside the inner hull in order to divide the submarine into several watertight compartments. Steel decks and bulktheads are also welded in place. Exterior welding seams are polished by high-speed grinding wheels, making them smooth. Not only does this improve the surface for painting, but it also provides the submarine with a streamlined surface that experiences little friction during travel. The hull is then painted with layers of protective coatings
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