Đạn bộ binh

Đạn bộ binh

Xin các bác cho em thêm một số thông tin về đạn bộ binh và công nghệ chế tạo nó.Nếu có thêm thông tin vế đạn phao phòng không nữa thì càng tốt.Em xin cám ơn nhiều!

Trước hết đạn bộ binh gồm 2 loại chính - sũng tiểu liên và súng lục . Tiểu liên có nhiều cở đạn khác nhau nhưng cũng gồm 5 loại chính :

Từ trái qua phải :
- Đạn thường sát thương
- Đạn lửa bắn chỉ đường
- Đạn xuyên phá
- Đạn tập luyện
- Đạn trắng
Mỗi loại đạn có màu sắc phân biệt cho dù cở đạn là 7.62 hay 5.56 đi nữa.

Đạn trắng dùng để làm gì ạ?
Then youll rise right before my eyes On wings that fill the sky Like a phoenix rising

Đạn trắng là đạn không có đầu, được dùng trong huấn luyện, khi cần mô phỏng bắn đạn thật.
Được RandomWalker sửa chữa / chuyển vào 06:48 ngày 19/09/2003

Đạn bộ binh 5.56mm
Description: There are currently five 5.56mm cartridges in service.
M193 NATO 5.56mm ball cartridge: Introduced in 1964, the M193 was the original 5.56mm cartridge designed for use in the M-16 rifle with a 1 in 12 rifled barrel twist. No longer in production, but still in stock, it has been replaced by the heavier M855 cartridge. The M193 can be identified by its unpainted (copper) tip.
M855 NATO 5.56mm ball cartridge: Introduced as a replacement for the M193 cartridge, the M855 fires a heavier projectile with greater accuracy. While the cartridge was designed to be fired from the newer heavy barreled M-16A2 assault rifle and M-4 carbine (each of which has a 1 in 7 twist barrel) it may be fired out of older M-16 models without severe degradation of accuracy. The M855 can be identified by its green painted tip.
M856 NATO 5.56mm ball/tracer cartridge: Introduced with the M855, the M856 is the tracer variant of the M855. It is, in all respects, identical to the M855. The M856 can be identified by its orange painted tip.
M200 NATO 5.56mm blank firing cartridge: Designed for use with training simulators, the M200 has no projectile and contains a reduced powder charge. The M200 can be identified by its crimped and sealed cartridge opening in place of a projectile.
M862 5.56mm Short Range Training Ammunition: Designed for indoor use, the M862 is a restricted range alternative to the M193/M855 cartridge. With a maximum range of 250 meters and an effective range of 25 meters, the M862 serves as an excellent low cost substitute for Basic Rifle Marksmanship (BRM) training. The M862 can be identified by its blue plastic tip.
History: In the mid 1950s testing was begun on finding a lighter replacement for the Winchester .308 (NATO 7.62mm) infantry rifle cartridge used by the in the M-14 rifle. Eventually three cartridges were select for further testing; the .222 Special, .224 Springfield, .222 Winchester. All were essentially lengthened versions of the recently introduced .222 Remington. Eventually the .222 Special was adopted and re-designated as the .223 Remington. The .223 Remington was introduced, along with the Armalite AR-15 Assault rifle, for experimental use by the Army in 1957. In 1964 the cartridge was officially adopted by the U.S. Army as the M193 5.56mm ball for use in the M-16 rifle (which was, itself, based on the Armalite AR-15.
INFANTRY 2003

Đạn bộ binh cỡ 7.62mm
Description: There are currently five 7.62mm cartridges in service.
M80 NATO 7.62mm ball cartridge: The M80 is the standard 7.62mm ball cartridge. The M80 can be identified by its unpainted (copper) tip.
M276 NATO 7.62mm ball/dim tracer cartridge: Designed to be used with night vision devices, the M276 dim tracer is a reduced visibility alternative to the standard, high visibility M62 tracer. The M276 can be identified by its purple painted tip.
M62 NATO 7.62mm ball/tracer cartridge: The M62 is the tracer variant of the M80. It is, in all respects, identical to the M80. The M62 can be identified by its orange painted tip.
M82 NATO 7.62mm blank firing cartridge: Designed for use with training simulators, the M82 has no projectile and contains a reduced powder charge. The M82 can be identified by its crimped and sealed cartridge opening in place of a projectile.
M118 7.62mm long range special ball cartridge: Designed for use in long range sniper applications where a high degree of accuracy is required, the M118 is essentially a civilian match grade bullet adapted for military use. Externally, the M118 is identical to the M80 7.62mm ball ammunition.
INFANTRY 2003

Đạn bộ binh cỡ .50 caliber (tức 12.7mm)
Description: There are currently eleven .50 caliber cartridges in service.
M2/M33 .50 Caliber ball cartridge: The M2 is the original standard .50 caliber ball cartridge. The M33 is a redesigned, modern version of the M2, and is identical in all respects. The M2/M33 can be identified by its unpainted (copper) tip.
M1/M10/M17 .50 Caliber tracer cartridge: The M1/M10/M17 are tracer variants of the M2/M33 cartridge. They are essentially identical to one another in terms of ballistic performance and function. These M1 has a red painted tip, the M10 has a orange tip, and the M17 has a brown tip.
M1 .50 Caliber incendiary cartridge: The M1 incendiary cartridge is an incendiary cartridge primarily intended for use against aircraft and material. The M1 can be identified by its blue tip.
M23 .50 Caliber incendiary cartridge: The M23 incendiary cartridge is similar to the M1 incendiary cartridge and is used in the same capacity as the M1. The M23 cartridge has a blue tip with a light blue ring below it.
M2 .50 Caliber armor piercing cartridge: The M2 armor piercing cartridge was designed for use against soft skinned and lightly armored vehicles as well as for use against enemy built up defensive positions. It has no incendiary component. The M2 can be identified by its black tip.
M8 .50 Caliber armor piercing / incendiary cartridge: The M8 armor piercing / incendiary cartridge was designed for use against soft skinned and lightly armored vehicles as well as material destruction. It has an incendiary component. The M8 can be identified by its silver (aluminum) tip.
M20 .50 Caliber armor piercing / incendiary tracer cartridge: The M20 armor piercing / incendiary tracer cartridge is the tracer variant of the M8 API cartridge. The M20 can be identified by its red tip with a silver (aluminum) ring below that.
[i]M1A1 .50 Caliber blank firing cartridge:[/i] Designed for use with training simulators, the M1A1 has no projectile and contains a reduced powder charge. The M1A1 can be identified by its crimped and sealed cartridge opening in place of a projectile.
History: Soon after American servicemen deployed to Europe for World War One, it was recognized that an automatic weapon capable of firing a cartridge larger than those currently in service was sorely needed. In ad***ion to being more powerful than the standard rifle cartridge, this new cartridge would also need an armor penetrating capability to serve as a against the recently introduced tank. Although America was not able to produce such a weapon before the end of the war, research and experimentation with a number of captured German anti-tank firearms eventually lead to the Browning M1921A1 .50 caliber machine gun. Introduced in 1922, the Browning M1921A1 machine gun fired a massive .50 caliber cartridge and had an effective range of over 1000 meters. The M1921A1 was later modified to improve barrel life and reliability, and was redesignated the M2HB (heavy barrel) machine gun in 1933. The M2HB is still in service with the U.S. military where it is used in a number of roles, ranging from infantry heavy machine gun to vehicle, helicopter, and small boat and craft armament.
INFANTRY 2003

Mục này trên globalsecuritycũng khá hay về đạn dược và mìn đây :
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/bullets.htm
INFANTRY 2003