Giới thiệu về Su-27SKM và Su-30MK2 (PART-2)

MIG-31BM​

With the sharp decline in public funding, when the bulk procurement of new aircraft MiG-31M became practically impossible, in 1997, work has begun on the modernization of MiG fighter-interceptor in the Multi-31B aircraft MiG-31BM with significantly increased combat capabilities. Machine equipped armament control system, upgraded with the technical process stock gained during the implementation of the SUV "Zaslon-M". Previously aircraft of this family were classified only as long fighter interceptors, the new MiG became a multi-role carrying precision-guided weapons to attack aircraft as well as ground targets. By modernizing avionics and weapons effectiveness of the MiG-31BM compared to the MiG-31 has grown 2.6 times.
January 12, 1999, simultaneously with the display of "mysterious" MFI, "OKB-MIG" rolled out first MiG-31BM on public display.
Sadar "Zaslon-MA" NIIP refined to a level close technical level complex "Zaslon-M created for the aircraft MiG-31M. The station MiG-31BM model is able to detect air targets at almost twice as much range. Detection range air targets class "fighter" brought to 320 km and the range of their defeat - up to 280 km. During the tests demonstrated the possibility of destroying enemy aircraft missile battle in the far distance to the order of 280 km, which is currently unavailable to any foreign fighter aircraft. For comparison, the best American interceptor-Northrop Grumman F-14D "Tomcats" capable of striking air targets at ranges greater than 180 km. Airborne radar complex capable MiG-31BM simultaneously accompanied by up to 10 aerial targets, 6 of which can be simultaneously fired missiles R-33 or R-37 (the last - for the range to 280 km). An opportunity to intercept targets, flying at a speed corresponding to M = 6, the improvement of other characteristics of the complex.
The presented at the showing in Zhukovsky MiG-31BM carried on hydraulic suspension pylons conformal four missiles-type R-33S range with a radar-guided and one antiradiation missile H-31P, suspended under the left console. In ad***ion medium-range-class air-to-air modification of a new long-range missiles.Mig is equipped with the most sophisticated and now medium-range missiles RVV-AE (up to 4 units), which settled at under wing pylons. The affiliations consisting of a set of powerful missiles R-40TD (two).
Upgraded versions of the aircraft may be equipped with missiles antiradiation X-31P, X-25P or X-25MPU (up to six units), anti-ship X-31 A (up to six), "class missile air-to-surface" X-59 and X-29T ( up to three), or X-59M (up to two units), up to six bombs adjusted KAB-1500 or up to eight KAB-500 with a laser-guided or television. Maximum mass combat load is 9000 kg.
On-board equipment of MiG-31BM enables effective interaction with the air defence anti-aircraft defence systems. In ad***ion to combating air and land goals this aircraft can be used as a peculiar air command post for coordinating the actions of other types of fighter aircraft equipped with less powerful radars. Equipment MiG-31BM and provides a very "exotic" scenario strikes fighters. Thus, the interceptor can direct purpose of the air missile, launched from aircraft other fighters, with the approaching enemy missile fired at the distance mode radar silence. A number of combat situations, such tactics can greatly enhance fighter group. MiG-31 is currently the only aircraft in the world of mass-produced, are able to effectively fight hard and stealth ALCM type cruise missiles or "Tomahawk" These goals can hit it with the first call. According to Russian experts, if Iraq during Operation Desert Fox "in the winter of 1998-99 years before the MiG-31 aircraft, targets on the territory of this country would not have achieved more than 10% of American and British cruise missiles.
MiG-31BM fighters from the Centre strikes in Savostleyke, along with other aircraft, in 1998, have already taken part in scientific and tactical exercises, where during one flight, accompanied by several ups in the air, each machine coped with a number of different operational roles.
Initially, the company Mikoyan because of the small chance to get orders for this plane of the Air Force proposed its own China and India. But now, in the words of Chief of the Air Force, in the version of the MiG-31BM will be refined virtually all Russian MiG-31. Fighter aircraft of this type having unique combat capabilities, in the battle to retain order, at least until 2010.
First modernizing MiG-31 flight is already on station in Zhukovsky, which is equipped with new equipment. JSC "Russian avionics designed for him a new layout of the two booths. The main disadvantage of the old layout was the lack of information on the pilot''''s tactical environment: the commander did not know what makes the navigator. Now in the front cabin on the right side dashboard installed multifunctional LCD indicator measuring 6 inches x8 (the same used on the MiG-29SMT). More significant changes undergone navigator-cab operator, which has three such indicator, which can be displayed on a wide range of information (tactical, navigation, radar, "" television pictures of attack managed sensors, etc.). The plane was also on the dashboard indicator of glass, replacing former PPI.
Navigation complex, which is equipped with upgraded MiG-31, largely unified with the MiG-29SMT (its membership includes satellite navigation receiver). As a result of finalizing the park MiG-31 fighter jets with the participation of the Russian avionics "Domestic Air Force should have virtually a new aircraft, with a wide range of strikes.
On the export version of the fighter aircraft - MiG-31FE - can be installed and integrated with the Russian weapons systems designs and manufacturing equipment western.
Characteristics:
Modification MiG-31BM
Wingspan, 13.46 m
Length, m 22.67
Height, 6.10 m
Wing area, M2 61.60
Weight, kg
Empty aircraft 21825
normal takeoff 42400
Maximum Takeoff 48200
Engine type 2 DTRD Solovyov D30F-6M
Thrust no forced, 2 16500 kN
Maximum speed km / h
at high altitude 3000 (M = 2.83)
at land 1500
The practical range km
with tank 3300
without tank 2500
Combat range, km
without tank at speeds of M 1 720
with tank at the speed with M 1 1200
with tank at speeds of M 1 1400
with refueling at a speed of one M 1 2000
The maximum rate, m / min
Ceiling, 20000 m
Crew 1
Armament: combat load - 9000 kg
One 23 â?" six-barrel mm cannon GSH-6-23 (260 rounds)
to 6 long-range R-33S, or R-37, missiles
4 medium-range R-77 or RVV-AE, missiles
2 medium-range R-40TD, missiles
3 air-to-surface X-59 and X-29T, or 2 X-59M missiles
6 anti-ship X-31 and Up to 6 antiradiation medium-range X-31P,
X-25MP or X-25MPU
to 6-correct KAB-1500 bomb or 8 KAB-500 bomb with a laser-guided or television

MIG-31BM WEAPON​

R-33 missile
Description
Developer GosMKB "Vympel"
Symbol R-33 R-33S R-33E
Adopted by the 6 1981
Type SEEKER HEAD inertial + radar semi-active
Geometric and mass characteristics
Length, m 4.25 4.15
Wingspan, 0.9 m
The magnitude of feathers, 1.18 m
Diameter, 0.38 m
Start Mass kg 491 490
BG Weight, kg 55 47
BCH-type fragmentation Blast
The power plant
Rocket Engine
Flight data
The speed, m / s (M =) (4,5)
Heights range defeat, m 25-28000
Speed goals km / h to 3700
Launch Range, km 2,5-120 160 160
R-37 misssile
The fighter-interceptor MiG-31M took off on December 21, 1985, received by the long-range R-37 missile (range launch - 280 km), conformally suspended under the fuselage of three in 2 series. The missiles, developed by MKB Vympel , was not only much better characteristics than the R-33, but also fundamentally different guidance system. To increase the maneuverability it was dynamically unstable at the last stage of the trajectory used active radar system.
New missiles are completed combination semi-active ,active radar homing head 9 B-1388 diameter of 380 mm, developed by SRI Agat. To boost phase missile guidance provided by management with inertial radio correction (its range - up to 100 km). At the final station flight has SD or semi active radar homing.
In April 1994 were successfully conducted the first test in the world for the defeat of the air targets at ranges in excess of 300 km. For comparison, the American long-range missile-class air-to-air AIM-54C Phoenix has a range greater than 160 kilometers.
Thanks to the speed and long-range R-37, its possible = goals can be ordered and hypersonic aircraft LA. Apart from MiG-31M, R-37 missiles arrive at the new weapons modification MiG-31 - MiG-31BM.
Description
The developer IBC "Vympel"
Designation of R-37
First Flight 198?
Type SEEKER HEAD inertial radio command + active radar-semi-active
Geometric and mass characteristics
Length, 4.2 m
Diameter, 0.38 m
Span, 0.7 m
Starting weight, 600 kilograms
Belarusian Railways weight 60 kg
HE-type Blast
Flight data
The speed, m / s (M =) (6)
Launch Range, 280 km
R-40 missile
Description
Developer KB "Molnia"
Designation R-40T R-40TD R-40R R-40RD
Adopted by the 1972 1980 1972 1980
Type SEEKER HEAD infrared , radar semi-active ,active
Geometric and mass characteristics
Length, m 5.93 6.322
Diameter, 0.31 m
Wingspan, 1.3 m
The magnitude of feathers, m
Start Mass kg 460 450
Warhead Mass, 38 kg
Warhead-type fragmentation Blast
The power plant
Engine TTRD P1D-134
The mass of fuel, 118 kg
Flight data
The speed, m / s (M =) (4,5-5)
Heights range defeat, m 500-30000
Maximum speed goal km / h 3500
Maximum Overload goal of 2.5 4 2.5 4
Launch Range, km 30/15 25 50 80(72)
R-33



R-37



R-40





R-60 missile
Length, m 2.14
Diameter, m 0.12
Wingspan, m 0.39
Weight, kg 45
BCH Weight, kg 3.5
Range km 0,2-10
Speed 2.5 M
Max starting overload, g 7
Max Overload, g 47
Overloading of the targeted goals,g to 12
Aircrafts
Il-102, the MiG-21SMT, MiG-21SM, MiG-21M, MiG-21MF, MiG-21bis, MiG-21I, MiG-23M, MiG-25PD, MiG-27, MiG-29, MiG-31, MiG - 31M, Su-15TM, Su-17, Su-20, Su-22, Su-24, Su-25, Yak-28PM, Yak-38, Yak-38M, the Yak-141, Mi-24P, Mi-24V






MIG-31BM

SU-35BM

MIG-31E/FE

các bạn quan tâm đến việc Nga có máy bay Mig-31 dùng tên lửa hạ vệ tinh và cũng tìm hiểu nhiều nhưng mạng Nga ít đưa tin này so với các mạng khác.trên thực tế nga có Mig-31 dùng để hạ vệ tinh và sau này có cải tiên một loại nữa là Mi-31I với chương trình Ishim để đưa vệ tinh hay các loại phương tiện bay lên vú trụ.

Mig-31D /I​

"... In the period 1987-1992 he was. conducted more than 100 launches anti-satellite missiles with a MiG-31D, a military firing conducted Fastovtsom A. and T. Aubakirovym in Sary Shagane fully pledged complex for the adoption."
Specification:
Wing span, m - 13.46
Length, m - 22.69
Height, m - 5.15
Take-off weight, kg :
- normal - 41000
- maximum - 44400
Engine - 2 TSEA D-г0F-6
Maximum trust, kN
- normal - 2 У 91.00
- afterburner - 2 У 152.00
Maximum speed, km/h:
- in altitude - 2800
- on sea level - 1500
- cruising - 860
Service ceiling, m - 20600
Range, km: - 2500
Crew - 2
Armament: anti-satellite missile

Mình có vài bài tiếng Anh về Mig-31 mhưng vì các bài có số ký tự hạn chế nên đưa một bài lên.
Mikoyan MiG-31 ''Foxhound''
Main Role: Interceptor fighter
Country of Origin: Russia Current Status: In Service
The Mikoyan MiG-31 is a long-range high-performance interceptor which was developed to replace the MiG-25 in the Soviet Air Defence Force (PVO). Clearly a derivative of the rather crude-looking MiG-25, the high speed and very powerful radar of the MiG-31 make it a formidable interceptor.
Developed to counter the XB-70 Valkyrie bomber, the MiG-25 Foxbat functioned well as a high-altitude interceptor with the help of Ground Control, but it was equipped with only limited avionics. From the late 1960s, bombers in Western air forces had started to switch to low-altitude attack profiles, to avoid the ever increasing anti-aircraft missile threat, and they also started carrying early forms of cruise missile. In countering low flying aircraft the MiG-25 performed quite poorly. The Soviet Air Defence Force therefore required a new interceptor which could operate well at high and low altitudes, and which was also capable of intercepting cruise missiles. This new aircraft was the MiG-31.
It was decided to make the MiG-31 a two-seater, so that it would not be dependent upon direct help from Ground Control. Given an approximate initial location of the intruder, the back-seater would guide the pilot to the target. However, it was also planned that the MiG-31 could operate semi-automatically, being directed towards a target by the AK-RLDN ground-based automatic guidance network, using the aircraft''s APD-518 digital datalink and BAN-75 command link.
Development of the the MiG-25''s replacement began with the Ye-155MP development machine, which first flew on 16 September 1975. In appearance the Ye-155MP looked very much like a stretched MiG-25, with a longer fuselage for the ad***ional rear ****pit and a new wing. While the MiG-25 Foxbat was mostly made out of Nickel Steel, (some 80% of the structure), the Ye-155MP used much more titanium and aluminum. The reduced structure weight gave the Ye-155MP much better performance than the Foxbat. The first information the West knew for sure about the new aircraft came from Victor Ivonovich Belenko, a pilot with the 513th Fighter Regiment of Soviet Air Defence Command based in Sakharauka, Siberia. He defected to Hakodate, Japan, in his MiG-25 in September 1976 and was debriefed about the Ye-155MP. He described it as a "super Foxbat".
Production of the Ye-155MP began in 1979 under the designation MiG-31 and it entered service in 1981. NATO allocated the reporting codename ''Foxhound'' to the type in mid-1982. About 500 MiG-31 of all variants were build, and about 300 are still in service with the Russian air force and 30-40 with Kazakhstan. In 1992 China reached agreement with the Russian Federation to buy 24 MiG-31s, to be assembled in a new factory in Shenyang, but the contract was never signed.
The Foxhound is a large twin-engined aircraft with side-mounted air intakes, a shoulder mounted wing and twin vertical tailfins. Unlike the Foxbat it has a two-seat ****pit. The airframe of the Foxhound is stressed to withstand 5g, while that of th MiG-25 was only capable of withstanding 4.5g. The Soloviev D-30F6 turbofan engines of the MiG-31 enable speeds of up to Mach 1.23 at low altitude and Mach 2.83 at high altitude. The Foxhound is more fuel efficient than the MiG-25 but it still need a lot of fuel - much of the centre fuselage and wing structure is taken up with fuel tanks. Later production aircraft have aerial refuelling capability.
MiG-31 was the world''s first operational aircraft to use a Phased Array radar - i.e. it scans electronically rather than by moving the radar antennae physically. The Zaslon S-800 radar can track fighter-sized aircraft from 125 miles away and bigger aircraft from 250 miles away. It is claimed that several Foxhounds can link their radars and thereby simultaneously scan a much larger amount of airspace. The MiG-31 is also the first Soviet aircraft to have true "look down, shoot down" capability - essentially for intercepting low flying bombers and cruise missiles.
The crew of the Foxhound sit in Zvezda K-36DM "zero-zero" (zero speed, zero altitude) ejection seats which have built-in massage pads to keep the crew more comfortable on long patrol missions! Another unusual feature is the way that the twin wheels on each of the main landing gear units are offset left and right from each other, so that they do not run in the same track.
The Foxhound''s main weapon is the Vympel R-33 long range air-to-air missile. It can be guided in semi-active radar-homing mode or launched in internal guidance mode with the option of a mid-course update from the launch aircraft. The Foxhound can also use the R-40 long range missile or the R-60 and R-73 missiles. It also has an internal cannon, the six-barrel GSh-6-23 with 260 rounds.
Several developments of the MiG-31 have been produced. The MiG-31M is an improved version of the original MiG-31 with a new radar and is capable of carrying the advanced R-37 and R-77 missiles. The ****pit has been redesigned and now features 3 multi-functional displays. The MiG-31M also has larger fuel tanks, upgraded engines and more refined aerodynamics. The MiG-31D version was designed to carry an ASAT (anti-satellite) missile. The MiG-31B was an improved version of the original with a better computer and in-flight refueling and also a new radar. The MiG-31BM is a variant with some ground attack capability. The MiG-31FE was a multi-purpose version capable of carrying most Russian air-to-ground weapons.
Variants
Manufacturers Designation: Izdelye 01, Izdelye 05, Izdelye 07 (see below)
Development History:
Ye-155MP projects Three alternative configurations explored: swing-wing aircraft, Ye-158 tailless delta and Izdelye 518-55 two-seat MiG-25 with new wing. Latter developed into Ye-155MP.
Ye-155MP MiG-31 prototype based on the Ye-155M advanced MiG-25 test aircraft. No wing root extensions. [MiG-25MP, Izdelye 83]
Ye-155MF Projected variant with side-by-side ****pit dedicated to SEAD (anti-SAM) role.
MiG-31 ''Foxhound-A'' First production interceptor model. [Izdelye 01]
MiG-31LL One early MiG-31 converted as dedicated test aircraft with fairings for cameras on wingtips.
MiG-31DZ ''Foxhound-A'' Unofficial designation for slightly improved MiG-31 production version with in-flight refuelling (IFR) probe installed to port of front ****pit. [Izdelye 01DZ]
MiG-31B ''Foxhound-A'' Improved interceptor model with in-flight refueling capability, Zaslon-A radar, an updated navigation system, and compatibility with the R-33S missile [Izdelye 01B, Izdelye 12]
MiG-31BS ''Foxhound-A'' Original MiG-31 models upgraded to the MiG-31B standard. [Izdelye 01BS]
MiG-31E Proposed export model; 1 prototype built but production then cancelled. [Izdelye 01BE]
MiG-31M ''Foxhound-B'' Significantly improved production interceptor with ****pit enhancements, refined aerodynamics, IFR probe moved to starboard side, uprated D-30F-6M engines, increased fuel capacity, improved Zaslon-M radar, two ad***ional weapons hardpoints under fuselage, and the ability to carry the improved R-37/AA-9 missile; 7 prototypes were built but further development appears to have have halted due to funding cuts. [Izdelye 05]
MiG-31D Anti-satellite interceptor designed to carry single large anti-satellite missile under fuselage. Large triangular endplate fins on wing tips. 2 prototypes built but production cancelled. [Izdelye 07]
MiG-31BM Proposed upgrade program to add a surface-attack capability to MiG-31 interceptor models, includes radar upgrades for ground mapping and better resolution plus the ability to carry advanced air-to-surface missiles like the Kh-31, Kh-59, Kh-59M, and Kh-29T/L as well as more capable air-to-air missiles. 1 prototype converted by 1999.
MiG-31FE Proposed multi-role export version of the MiG-31BM. Adapted for delivery of air-to-surface weapons.
MiG-31S Projected launch vehicle for small space vehicles.
History
Key Dates:
24 May 1968 Government directive to start work on MiG-25 replacement.
1972 Detailed design of the MiG-31 begins.
16 September 1975 Ye-155MP first flight.
September 1976 Defecting Soviet MiG-25 pilot tells the West of advanced MiG-25 in development.
December 1976 First pre-production MiG-31 built.
15 February 1978 Zaslan radar tracks 10 targets simultaneously from a MiG-31 at 5000 m altitude.
6 May 1981 MiG-31 officially commissioned into service with PVO.
1983 Initial Operational Capability achieved by first MiG-31 unit.
21 December 1985 First flight of MiG-31M.
1986 First flight of MiG-31D satellite interceptor.
1990 MiG-31B replaces MiG-31 on production line.
October 1993 First successful launch of a R-37 missile from MiG-31M.
April 1994 Last production aircraft delivered.
25 October 1999 MiG-31B officially commissioned.
Back to Top
Operators
Military Operators
Kazakhstan - Air Force (MiG-31)
Russia - Air Defence Force (PVO)*
Syria (MiG-31/31B/31BM)
(Mig-31E)
Government Agencies
None
Civilian Operators

None
* later amalgamated into the Tactical Air Force as the VVS.
Specifications
Mikoyan MiG-31 ''Foxhound''
Crew: 1 pilot and 1 navigator/weapons officer
Dimensions: Length 74 ft 6 ins (22.69 m); Height 20 ft 2 in (6.15 m); Wing Span 44 ft 4 in (13.46 m); Wing Area 663 ft2 (61.6 m2)
Engines: Two Aviadvigatel D-30F6 afterburning turbofans rated at 20,944 lb (93.19 kN) dry and 34,171 lb st (152.06 kN) with afterburning
Weights: Empty 48,115 lb (21,825 kg); Normal Take-off 90,388 lb (41,000 kg) ; Maximum Take-off 101,851 lb (46,200 kg)
Armament-1: One 23-mm GSh-6-23 cannon scabbed onto the rear fuselage just behind starboard main landing gear with 260 rounds (not fitted to MiG-31M), four underwing hardpoints and four under-fuselage hardpoints (six under-fuselage hardpoints on MiG-31). Typical loadout includes four R-33/AA-9 ''Amos'' and two R-40/AA-6 ''Acrid'' or four R-60/AA-8 ''Aphid'', while the MiG-31M usually carries six R-37/AA-9 ''Amos'' and four R-77/AA-12 ''Adder''.
Armament-2
One GSh-6-23 six-barrel Gatling-type 23mm cannon with 260 rounds. Max. external weapons load (FE version) of 9,000 kg. (19,800 lb.) including R-33 ("AA-9 Amos"), R-40TD ("AA-6 Acrid"), R-77 RVV-AE ("AA-12") AAMs., Kh-31P-31A ("AS-17 Krypton"), Kh-25MP-25MPU ("AS-12 Kegler"), Kh-29L/T ("AS-14 Kedge"), Kh-59 ("AS-13 Kingbolt"), Kh-59M ("AS-18 Kazoo") ASMs., KAB-500, KAB-1500 guided bombs, FAB-1500 unguided bombs.
Typical interceptor configuration: Four R-33 (AA-9 "Amos"), two R-40T (AA-6 "Acrid"), or four R-60 (AA-8 "Aphid") AAMs.
Performance: Maximum level speed ''clean'' Mach 2.83 - 1,865 mph (1620 kts, 3000 km/h) - at 57,400 ft (17,500 m), Mach 1.25 - 932 mph (810 kts, 1500 km/h) - at sea level; Time to climb to 32,810 ft (10,000 m) 7 mins 45 secs; Service ceiling 67,585 ft (20,600 m); Ferry range 1,780 nm, (2050 mls, 3300 km), Mach 0.85 combat radius 648 nm (745 mls, 1200 km) unrefuelled, Mach 2.35 combat radius 388 nm, (447 mls, 720 km) unrefuelled.
Production
Chief Designer: Gleb Lozino-Lozinski, later Konstantin Vasilchenko, now Anatoli Belosvet
Design Office: Mikoyan Design Bureau Engineering Centre, 6 Leningradskoe shosse, 1252999 Moscow
IGAZ Sokol
(IGAZ Sokol, Gorky**)
Version Quantity Assembly Location Time Period
Ye-155MP 2 MiG OKB, Moscow 1972-1976
MiG-31 280 Gorky 1977-1989
MiG-31DZ 45 Gorky 1990-1991
MiG-31B 162? Gorky 1990-April 1994
MiG-31E 1+ Gorky 19??
MiG-31M 7 Gorky 1985-1995
MiG-31D 2 Gorky 1987
MiG-31FE 1 Gorky 19??-19??
MIG-31E 8 Syria 2007-2008 ( CT )
Total:more 500

** now called Nizhny Novgorod.
Total Produced: 500 a/c







Old

New

MIG-31​

INTRODUCTION:
As one of the later models following a long line of successful Soviet- manufactured aircraft, the Mig-31 Foxhound is an all-weather interceptor plane which entered service in Russia possibly as early as 1976. Touted as the forerunner to the MiG-23, Su-15, and the MiG-25, the Foxhound "B" was endowed with the capacity for two fliers, supersonic velocity close to three times the speed of sound, dual turbofan afterburners, and folding wings. Its aerodynamic design includes a high degree of slope and twin outward cantered fins. As a highly-refined aircraft, the current versions of the MiG-31 have introduced many technical innovations to its various combat theatres. The complex electronically-scanned phased array-type Zaslon radar, along with its now-standard conical radome reside in the pointed front end of the plane. Also standard to MiGs are radar warning receivers and several antennae, capable of pursuing signals via VHF, the IFF system, and information drawn in through its vanes and yaws. The MiG''s arsenal is not spectacular in proportion to its contemporaries, yet it is equivalent. Attached to its pylons are the AA-8 Aphid K-60 and AA-9 R-33 air-to-air missiles, the latter known to the North American Treaty Organization as the "Amos". R-40T Acrid medium-range infrared weapons as well as ad***ional Amos missiles are housed on the plane''s exterior, with the now ever-present Gsh-6-23 six-barrel Gatling gun which fires 23-millimeter projectiles. Composition for the aircraft is of vital importance, especially when reaching high altitudes or rapi***y. Devices on the craft to prevent the lethal accumulation of static are present, as well as tough, heavier alloys comprising 33 per cent of the makeup of the craft''s frame. Half of the skeleton of the plane is made of nickel, and another 16% of it consists of the light, durable, heat-resistant element, titanium. Russia''s Nizhny Novgorod facility, called by some American insiders "the fox works", is the current producer of the craft, and reportedly 160 occupy CIS interceptor air forces.
PROGRAMME:
Designed as a long-range, extended-endurance PVO interceptor to replace the Tu-128 ad MiG-25. Development began in 1967 and the S-155MP avionics complex was ordered for the Ye-155MP interceptor in 1968. First flown, as Ye-155MP (originally Type 83 MiG-25MP) "831", 16 September 1975; second prototype ("832"), with radar, first flew 22 April 1976. Two preproduction aircraft (011 and 012) built by Sokol and flown 13 July and 30 June 1977; six development aircraft (201 to 203 and 301 to 303). Full production (of about 450) started 1979; first of 11 regiments operational 1983, replacing MiG-23s and Su-15s; production has ceased at Sokol Aircraft Building Plant (formerly GAZ-21), Nizhny Novgorod, though the Sokol plant has stated its willingness to reinstate production to meet even small orders. Mikoyan is offering modernisation programme to bring in-service MiG-31s to MiG-31M levels of capability, including integration of R-37 AAM.
DESIGN FEATURES:
Initiated to counter threat of USAF B-52 bombers carrying ALCMs. Basic MiG-25 configuration retained, but very different aircraft, with two seats; strengthened to permit supersonic flight at low altitude; more powerful engines than MiG-25; major requirement increased range, not speed; advanced digital avionics; Zaslon radar was first electronically scanned phased-array type to enter service, enabling MiG-31 to track 10 targets and engage four simultaneously, including targets below and behind its own location; fuselage weapon mountings added. Wing anhedral 4Â from roots; sweepback approximately 41Â on leading-edge, 32Â at quarter-chord, with small, sharply swept wingroot extensions; all-swept tail surfaces, with twin outward-canted fins and anhedral on horizontal surfaces.
STRUCTURE:
Airframe 49 per cent arc-welded nickel steel, 16 per cent titanium, 33 per cent light alloy; 2 per cent composites, including radome; three-spar wings; no wingtip fairings or mountings; small forward-hinged airbrake under front of each intake trunk; undersurface of centre-fuselage not dished between engine ducts like MiG-25; much enlarged air intakes; jet nozzles extended rearward; shallow fairing extends forward from base of each fin leading-edge; fence above each wing in line with stores pylon.
ACCOMMODATION:
Pilot and weapon systems operator in tandem under individual rearward-hinged canopies; rear canopy has only limited side glazing and blends into shallow dorsal spine fairing which extends to forward edge of jet nozzles.
FLYING CONTROLS:
Large-span ailerons and flaps; leading-edge slats in four sections on each wing; all-moving horizontal tail surfaces; inset rudders.
POWER PLANT:
Two Aviadvigatel D-30F6 turbofans, each 93.1 kN (20,930 lb st) dry, 151.9 kN (34,170 lb st) with afterburning; internal fuel capacity 19,940 litres (5,268 US gallons; 4,386 Imp gallons) in seven fuselage tanks, four wing tanks and two fin tanks. Provision for two underwing tanks, each 2,500 litres (660 US gallons; 550 Imp gallons); semi-retractable flight refuelling probe on port side of front fuselage.
AVIONICS:
Comms: R-862 UHF, R-864 HF, P-591 voice warning system, SPU-9 intercom; SRO-2P IFF transmitter and SRZ-2P receiver; SO-69 transponder. Radar: NIIP N007 S-800 SBI-16 (RP-31) Zaslon or Zaslon-A electronically scanned phased-array fire-control radar (NATO "Flash Dance") in nose; search range of 108 n miles (200 km; 124 miles) in clutter-free forward sector; range in rear sector 48 n miles (90 km; 56 miles); capable of tracking 10 targets and attacking four simultaneously. Flight: A312 Radikal-NP or A-331 Shoran, A-723 Kvitok-2 Loran. Marshrut long-range and Tropik medium-range nav systems. ARK-19 radio compass, RV-15 radar altimeter, RPM-76 marker beacon receiver. Mission: In four-aircraft group interception mission, only lead MiG-31 is linked to AK-RLDN automatic guidance network on ground; other three MiG-31s have APD-518 digital datalink to lead aircraft, permitting line-abreast radar sweep of zone 430 to 485 n miles (800 to 900 km; 495 to 560 miles) wide by 140Â sector scanning angles. Semi-retractable Type 8TP IR search/track sensor under ****pit; tactical situation display. BAN-75 command link; APD-518 digital air-to-air datalink; Raduga-Bort-MB5U15K air-to-ground tactical datalink; SPO-155L RHAWS; Argon-15 digital computer.
MiG-31 Technical Data
Prime contractor: Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau
Country of origin: Soviet Union
Function: Strategic interceptor fighter
Crew: 2
Year: 1975
In-service year: 1982
Engine: Two Aviadvigatel D-30F6 afterburning turbofans
Thrust: 34,100 lb. each 15,500 kg. each
Dimensions
Wing span: 44 ft. 1 in. 13.46 m.
Length: 74. ft 4 in. (including nose probe) 22.69 m. (including nose probe)
Height: 20 ft. 2 in. 6.15 m.
Weight:
Empty 48,015 lb. 21,825 kg.
Max. takeoff 101,640 lb. 46,200 kg.
Performance
Ceiling: 67,568 ft. 20,600 m.
Speed: 1,863 mph 3000 km/h
Range: 1,326 miles (on internal fuel)
2,050 miles (with fuel drop tanks, no missiles) 2,135 km. (on internal fuel)
3,300 km. (with fuel drop tanks, no missiles)
Armament
One GSh-6-23 six-barrel Gatling-type 23mm cannon with 260 rounds. Max. external weapons load (FE version) of 9,000 kg. (19,800 lb.) including R-33 ("AA-9 Amos"), R-40TD ("AA-6 Acrid"), R-77 RVV-AE ("AA-12") AAMs., Kh-31P-31A ("AS-17 Krypton"), Kh-25MP-25MPU ("AS-12 Kegler"), Kh-29L/T ("AS-14 Kedge"), Kh-59 ("AS-13 Kingbolt"), Kh-59M ("AS-18 Kazoo") ASMs., KAB-500, KAB-1500 guided bombs, FAB-1500 unguided bombs.
Typical interceptor configuration: Four R-33 (AA-9 "Amos"), two R-40T (AA-6 "Acrid"), or four R-60 (AA-8 "Aphid") AAMs.
Known Variants
MiG-31B, MiG-31BM, MiG-31BS, MiG-31D, MiG-31E, MiG-31EH, MiG-31F, MiG-31FE, MiG-31LL, MiG-31M, MiG-31MF, MiG-31S
Operators
Russia
Aircraft''s Price
1997 - est. $57-60 millions.

ZASLON RADAR​

The N007 Zaslon was the first phased-array radar to enter service on a fighter aircraft. In 1968, Phazotron had been tasked with developing the radar for the future MiG-31. Engineers prepared two prototype units, dubbed Groza and Vikhr, both based on Sapfir-series technology. The final version was called Smerch-100, but the radar failed to meet requirements. As a result, in 1971 Phazotron was ordered to pass all the documentation to its consortium partner NIIP. The result was the Zaslon radar. The task was very difficult, since one of the main requirements was engaging cruise missiles, and the experienced Phazotron had failed to solve the problem of detecting small objects against ground clutter and tracking multiple targets simultaneously. Finally all the problems were solved, with lots of assistance from NPO Istok, who helped design the phased array, and Leninetz who were to build it, and the system finally reached service in December 1981. Zaslon is double the weight of the AWG-9, the largest US fighter radar.

Zaslon Radar antena
The NIIP team believed that the advantages a phased-array radar gave in terms of near-instantaneous scanning and multitarget engagement capability (a typical mechanically-scanned antenna can take 12-14 seconds to complete a scan) were worth the weight and cost penalties. First tests of the radar were conducted in 1973, and it was first flown on a test aircraft in 1976. On February 15, 1978, a mission in which ten targets were detected and tracked was performed for the first time. In 1981, MiG-31 aircraft carrying the Zaslon radar entered service with the Air Defense aviation, and became fully operational in 1983. The 1.1m diameter phased array antenna weighs 300kg, the whole radar weighing in at 1000kg. Zaslon uses an Argon-15A computer (first airborne digital computer designed in USSR). Zaslon operates in 9-9.5 GHz band. It detects and engages targets down to 25m, including cruise missiles. Maximum possible search range is 300km for a large airborne target.
Range, headon, versus bomber: 180-200km search, 120-150km track
Range, tailchase, versus bomber: 90km search, 70km track
Range, headon, versus fighter : 120km search, 90km track
Zaslon can detect targets as small as 0.3 sq. m radar cross-section (RCS) to a maximum range of 65 km Radar scan limits are +-70 azimuth, +70/-60 elevation.
Target track TWS mode, track 10 and engage 4.
Average power transmitted is 2.5kW.
MTBF is just 55 hours.

RP-31 Zaslon radar
Zaslon-A security of the Zaslon system was compromised by the US spy A Tolkachov. This lead to development of an updated version, fitted to MiG-31B from 1990, retrofitted to some earlier models during rebuilding to MiG-31BS standard. It had a new data processor, giving extended capabilities, longer range and better ECM resistance.
Zaslon-M 1.4m diameter antenna, 50% to 100% better performance than Zaslon. In April 1994 used with an R-37 to hit a target at 300km distance. Search range 400km versus a 20 sq m RCS target ???. Tracks 24 targets at once, engages 6. Supposedly able to engage launched Pershing-2 missiles in flight with long-range R-37 active radar-guided missiles. Project ended as no new MiG-31s will be built.
Zaslon-AM all MiG-31s remaining in service are supposed to have their radars upgraded to Zaslon-AM status by Leninets, according to a design put forward by NIIP that keeps the existing antenna while replacing the old Argon-15A processors with Baget series processors.

Bây giờ mình lại bàn tiếp v ề Mig-35 còn về ra đa của Nga sẽ bàn vào bài khác.

MiG-35/MiG-35D​

The MiG-35 (single seat) and MiG-35D (double seat) are the "4++" generation multi-role fighters, exhibiting the further development of the MiG-29K/KUB and MiG-29M/M2 fighters in the field of the combat efficiency enhancement, universality and operational characteristics improvement.
The MiG-35/MiG-35D main features are the following:
?" the fifth generation information-sighting systems integration into aircraft airborne avionics;
?" possibility of advanced Russian and foreign origin weapons application;
?" increased combat survivability due to integration of airborne integrated defense system.
State-of-the art avionics in combination with advanced weapons allow the MiG-35/MiG-35D fighters fulfill a great number of missions:
?" air superiority gaining against four & fifth generation fighters;
?" interception of existing and being developed air attack means;
?" ground/surface targets destruction with high precision weapons without entering the air defense zone day and night in any weather con***ions;
?" air reconnaissance using optical-electronic and radio-technical equipment;
?" participation in group actions and air control over groups of fighters.
The MiG-35/MiG-35D fighters structure is based upon the following achievements obtained on the MiG-29K/KUB, MiG-29M/M2 aircraft:
?" increased weapons load stored at nine external stations;
?" increased fuel capacity, in-flight refueling and possibility of using as a tanker;
?" airframe & main systems anti-corrosion protection technology which meets the standards developed for carrier-based aircraft thus simplifying fighters operation in tropical weather con***ions;
?" significantly reduced radar signature;
?" three channel fly-by-wire control system with quadruple redundancy.
In the course of the MiG-35 aircraft development the most attention was paid to operational characteristics improvement:
?" reliability of aircraft, engines and avionics is significantly increased;
?" lifetime and service life are extended;
?" mean time between overhauls (MTBO) of engines is increased;
?" the MiG-35 aircraft flight hour cost is almost 2.5 times lower than those of the MiG-29 fighter;
?" the MiG-35 aircraft is intended for the on-con***ion maintenance.
The complex of technical and technological solutions has been developed for the MiG-35/MiG-35D aircraft which provides for independent operation, like airborne oxygen generation plant.
The power plant includes two engines RD-33MK with increased thrust power, equipped with smokeless combustion chamber and new electronic control system (of FADEC type). Engines are of the module structure and have increased reliability and service life.
Upon customer request the fighters can be equipped with "all aspect" thrust vectored RD-33MK engines ensuring the aircraft superiority in the maneuvering dogfight. The power plant of two thrust vectored engines was tested on the super-maneuverable prototype-aircraft MiG-29M OVT.
The airborne avionics of the MiG-35/MiG-35D aircraft is developed on the basis of the new generation technologies.
The multi-role radar with active phased array provides for advantage over the competitors due to the following factors:
?" extended range of operating frequencies;
?" increased quantity of detected, tracked and attacked targets;
?" possibility of simultaneous attack of air and ground targets;
?" extended detection range;
?" enhanced resolution in the surface mapping mode;
?" high jamming protection and survivability.
The IRST system with infra-red, TV and laser sighting equipment has been developed using the space technologies which were not applied previously in aviation. The system distinctive features are the increased range, detection, tracking, identification and lock-on of air, ground/surface targets in the forward and rear hemispheres, at day and night measuring the distance with laser range-finder as well as the formation of target designation and laser illumination of ground targets. The IRST system and new helmet-mounted target designation system are integrated into the armament control system. In ad***ion to the built-in IRST system the MiG-35 aircraft is equipped with a podded one.
The MiG-35/MiG-35D aircraft is provided with a defense system including in particular:
?" radio electronic reconnaissance and electronic counter measures;
?" optronic systems for detection of attacking missiles and laser emission;
?" decoy dispensers to counteract the enemy in the radar and infrared ranges.
In ad***ion to the "A-A" and "A-S" class weapons applied on the MiG-29K/KUB and MiG-29M/M2 aircraft the advanced aircraft armament, which have not been offered earlier for export, is being included into the MiG-35/MiG-35D aircraft weapons. The long range weapons capable to attack targets without approaching the air defence zone are among them.
Avionics?T open architecture allows installation on aircraft of new equipment and weapons of Russian and foreign origin upon customer?Ts request.
Both the single and double seat versions of aircraft have the same airborne equipment and weapons as well as the high unification level of structure.
For the MiG-35/MiG-35D fighters the full set of training means was developed including the interactive computer-based training system and a number of simulators including the full-mission simulator with a motion system.
The basic version of the MiG-35/MiG-35D fighter is designed taking into account the international cooperation organization when developing new modifications of aircraft and during serial production.
Specifications MiG-35 / MiG-35D
length of 17.3 m.
wingspan 11.99 m.
height 4.5 m
crew 1 / 2 rights.
normalnyy17500 weight kg / kg 17800.
maximum weight of 23500 kg.
maximum weight of 16800 kg planting.
maximum load weight of 6500 kg (11 points suspension).
fuel weight of 4800 kg .
The maximum speed at low altitude 1400 km / h.
The maximum speed at high altitude 2100 km / h.
ceiling 17500 m.
Overload 9.0 g.
range without cans 2000 km / 1700 km.
range with three cans 3000 km / 2700 km (2150 litres podfyuzelyazhny PTB).
range with three cans and refueled in mid-6000 route km / 5700 km.
6000 hours designated resource
lifetime of 40 years.
Engines 2 x RD-33MK or 2 x RD-33 MKV. traction 2 x 9000 kg / 5400 resource kgs.polny 4000 hours.
Radar "Zhuk-AE (FGA-29), the active antenna lattice (AFAR), accompanies 30 and simultaneously bombarding 2 - 6 goals at the distance of up to 130 km. Weight Station 220 - 240 kg weight antennas - 105 kg. The diameter of the antenna - 575 mm, consists of 680 transmitters reception modules. Pulse power of 3.4 kW. Power consumption 5 - 6 kW.
Among AESA advantages we should stress the following:
- ray electronically controlled;
- minimum distance between transmission unit, receiving set and radiating element ?" it leads to minimum losses during signal transmission and receipt;
- wide wave range originated by AESA ?" the factor which helps to integrate the system with other onboard transmitter tools, such as radio detectors, means of jamming support, data transmission units, etc.;
- higher security level.
Today only the US fifth generation fighters F-22A possess AESA ?" in late 2005 these aircraft were put into service. In the near future the same systems will be installed on the upgraded Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornets and F-16E/F Block 60s (by LockheedMartin). In a more distant future such radars will appear on the modernized European multipurpose fighters Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoon, Dassault Rafale and SAAB JAS 39 Gripen.
According to media reports, the new Russian Zhuk-AE system for the MiG-35 has got an AESA of 600mm in diameter. It consists of 680 receipt/transmission modules situated in 170 boxes (4 modules in each box). The station weighs 220-240kg (the antenna weight is 105kg).
The Zhuk-AE detects light fighter type targets at a distance of up to 130km. Its target tracking regime provides simultaneous tracking of 30 targets, and the look-up angle is ±70o.
There are ways for deeper upgrading of the Zhuk-AE. In particular, experts say that if the antenna diameter grows up to 700mm (the MiG-29?Ts arrangement allows that) it is possible to create a radar with AESA weighing 280kg and able to detect air target at a distance of 200m. Notably, the US radar AN/APG-77 with AESA installed on the 5G fighter LockheedMartin F-22A Raptor, which is bigger than the MiG-35, detects light fighters with radar cross section of 3m2 at a distance of 240km.
The MiG-35 is going to get a new optical-locating system (OLS-UE) designed by NIIPP, which by its characteristics is not worse than the systems used in foreign fighters of new generation, namely the French-made Rafale. It contains various television, thermal imaging and laser sensors which enable work with both air and land targets.
The information and control fields in the MiG-29 and MiG-35 ****pits will be identical (the single-seater has a wide-angle head-up display and 3 multirole indicators; the twin-seater, a headup display and 7 multirole indicators).
As it has been already mentioned, the new fighter gets wider opportunities for using fiberoptic communication channels ?" they correspond to the adopted fiber channel standards and allow making information exchange faster.
Notably, the MiG-35 will be equipped exclusively with upgraded Russian computers, thus enabling the aircraft get more and more functional possibilities due to added planes.
One more innovation for both MiG-29 and MiG-35 is integration of the aircraft radar into the civilian air traffic control system ?" it is possible if the MiG?Ts information field is transformed into the needed civilian aircraft?Ts field. Thus the fighter gets the opportunity to use civilian routes as ordinary airliner, and the whole process of base changing becomes much more simple.
Changes in avionics for the new MiG-35 will be the same in the case with the MiG-29K ?" they will pass step by step on various stages of its modernization.
Both the MiG-29Ks and MiG-35s have come very close to the 5G level in terms of their flight characteristics and onboard equipment. Both have big potential for future upgrading in terms of combat power and ?obrain?. During the next 10 years they will be for sure among the world?Ts best. India will get a perfect ?odefence player? for its air and sea boundaries.

OLS-UEM, optical-location station front review field-of-view + / -90 Azimuth and the -15 / +60 deg. on the corner of the field. In the infrared, laser and TV channel. Detection range air targets at the rear hemisphere 45 km, 15 km in the front.
OLS-K, optical-location station panoramic view lower hemisphere, includes infrared and TV channels, laser range-pointer and channel laser spot detection. Detection range goals: Tank - 20 km, the boat - 40 km. Weight container - 110 kg.
SOAR, station detection attacking missiles. At the MiG-35 has two modules, for a review of the upper hemisphere - for the lamp cabin, the bottom - in a container under a conformal motogondoloy left. Detection range air-to-air missiles - 30 km, ZUR - 50 km, MANPADS - 10 km. Weight equipment - 9.5 kg.
SOLO station detection laser irradiation. Two modules installed in the left and right wings zakontsovkah that provides virtually round view. Detection range of laser irradiation source - 30 km. Weight - 800 mg.
During the OLS (optical-locator system ) tests we got MiG-29 detection ranges up to 45 km from the tail and 15 km from the front. Ranging device effective range for the aerial targets is 15 km, for the ground targets - more then 20 km.
New OLS is intelligence system of technical vision to work in realtime of fast combat environment. In air combat complex allows:
- detect not-afterburning target on the 45km range and more;
- identify this target on 8-10km range;
- estimate aerial target range up to 15 km.
For the ground targets complex allows:
- tank effective detection range up to 15 km, aircraft carrier - 60-80 km;
- identify the tank type on the 8-10 km, aircraft carrier type - 40-60 km;
- estimate ground target range up to 20 km.
Information about coming missile is being analyzed from the three stages of its progress: the missile launch, the work of main propulsion unit and on the distances less then 5 km missile can be detected by the warm head. System allows to evaluate the level of missile danger - on the distances more then 5 km we need to detect, if this missile is dangerous for the plane




Được tamdaoorchid sửa chữa / chuyển vào 09:16 ngày 09/03/2008

AERO INDIA 2007 - RAC ôéoiGằ presents its latest MiG-35 fighter
At AERO INDIA 2007 the Russian Aircraft Corporation (RAC) ôéoiGằ presents its latest multifunctional fighter õ?" the MiG-35.
This aircraft available as both single-seat and double-seat version belongs to the MiG unificated family of ô4++ằ generation fighter aircraft. At the heart of this family of aircraft is the MiG-29K/KUB fighter which is serially produced for the Indian Navy. The fighters have similar operational characteristics and this has helped to achieve the high degree of unification among various types of aircraft, including single-seat and twin-seat version. All the MiG fighters from the new unificated family are in the category of multifunctional combat aircraft.
The MiG-35 is capable of the following:
- winning an aerial dog fight with the best fighter aircraft in the world;
- successfully counteracting existing and future attack aircraft and missiles;
- destroying ground and sea-surface targets with high-precision weapons without the need to enter the enemyõ?Ts air defense zone;
- conduct aerial reconnaissance using optic-electronic and radio technical equipment;
- participate in group actions and acting as the õ?ocontrol unitõ? for groups of aircraft.
By maintaining the best qualities of the MiG-29 (ensured by its integral aerodynamic configuration and other structural features), the unificated family of fighters has a number of key strategic features that include improved combat efficiency and survivability, open architecture avionics, improved operational performance and an expandable weapons suite.
The increased number of weapons the aircraft can carry and the larger fuel capacity have led to an increase in the maximum take-off weight of the MiG-35, the aircraft is best described as being in the medium fighter category rather than the light fighter category.
With respect to combat, flight and operational performances the MiG-35 is the optimal combat aircraft for those countries operating fighter fleets based on heavy, medium and light aircraft.
The MiG-35 is a real air warrior designed for repeated heavy duty operations in war times. While developing the aircraft special attention has been paid to the improvement of the following aspects of its operational performance:
- considerable increase of the reliability of the aircraft, engine and avionics;
- service life extended up to 40 years and 6000 flight hours;
- engine TBO increased to 1000 flight hours;
- flight hour cost of the MiG-35 is almost 2.5 times lower than that of the MiG-29;
- the MiG-35 is designed for on-con***ion maintenance with all the checking and servicing procedures to be performed directly by the operating unit, which adds to the combat readiness of the aircraft.
The setup of a special service support center and consignment depot, which are due to become part of the integrated logistic support system, will dramatically increase the after-sales support for the MiG fighter aircraft in India.
A big factor contributing to the improvement of the combat effectiveness and survivability of the MiG-35 is the airborne radio-electronic equipment based on the new-generation technologies:
- The MiG-35 is the first Russian fighter equipped with onboard radar which has active phased array radar (AESA radar). This radar has been developed by the ôPhazotron-NIIRằ Corporation as part of the ôZhukằ family of radars. RAC ôMiGằ is the world leader in operating phased array radars. The MiG-31, inducted by the Russian Air Force in 1981, was the first fighter with phased array radar in the world. The multifunctional ôZhukằ family AESA radar allows for a substantial increase in the detection range of aerial and ground targets as well as augmenting the number of simultaneously tracked and attacked targets.
- A revolutionary feature of the MiG-35 is the integration of the most advanced optic-electronic sighting and targeting systems. The developers utilized unique technologies from the Russian space program when creating these systems. The MiG-35 is equipped with in-built multi-channel acquisition-and-sighting optic-electronic system which has an extended range. The multi-channel optic-electronic station to be fitted to the aircraft in a pod allows for round-the-clock navigation, detection, sighting and reconnaissance.
- The MiG-35 self-defense system includes the most up-to-date radio and optical devices ensuring timely detection and counteraction of enemy fighters and air defense.
The MiG-35s high combat effectiveness is predetermined by the following structural innovations:
- Compared to the MiG-29 the MiG-35 has a considerably increased fuel capacity, augmented by a number of external fuel tanks (up to 5) and an in-flight refueling system. The MiG-35 is capable of acting as a tanker-aircraft if equipped with the PAZ-éoés refueling pod.
- The increased number of external stores allows the aircraft to carry various weapon configurations in combination with the drop fuel tanks.
- The feasibility of integrating into the avionics and weapons suites the perspective systems of Russian design (which were earlier offered only for export), as well as ordnance and avionics of international origin.
- Reduced radar signature.
- A complex of technical and technological systems (e.g. onboard oxygen-generating station) ensuring self-sufficient aircraft deployment.
- The incorporation of technologies to prevent corrosion of the airframe and main systems. These meet the highest standards of protection for ship-borne fighters, which can substantially facilitate aircraft operation in tropical climate.
A program of technical training is in place which consists of interactive computer-based training and a range of simulators which include a rotable-platform full-mission simulator. The training system has been developed to be utilized for all aircraft in the unificated family of fighters.
The MiG-35 fighter is a state-of-the-art aircraft designed by RAC ôMiGằ. It was rolled out on the 9th of January 2007 in the presence of Sergey Ivanov, Deputy Chairman of the Russian Government, Defense Minister, and General Vladimir Mikhailov, Commander-in-chief of the Russian Air Force.
According to Vladimir Mikhailov, the MiG-35 will be in demand by both the Russian Air Force and international customers. The fighter will be offered to the Indian Air Force for the MMRCA tender (Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft).
The program of development and production of the MiG-35 envisages a large-scale technology transfer and further cooperation with the Indian industry. In particular it is planned to:
- involve Indian companies in the design and manufacture of avionics including that of the new generation;
- set up licensed production of the MiG-35, along with all its major systems, at HAL premises without any limitations to the transfer of technology;
- utilize the industrial infrastructure created for operation, overhaul and series production of ôMiGằ and ôSukhoiằ aircraft;
- develop future joint programs for combat aircraft upgrades.

Trời đất, sao mà cứ pót đi pót lại mấy bài giống nhau thế này?

Sai chủ đề topic rồi bác ơi ! Quay lại Su hào đi , không tự nhiên mang Mít vào đây nhiều quá trời luôn .

Đã thế lại toàn tiếng Anh, chơi chữ anh em quá.

Nhiều MiG quá, các bác ơi. Hay hôm nào em làm chủ đề "Giới thiệu về MiG-29SMT và MiG-35" nhé