Giới thiệu về Su-27SKM và Su-30MK2

Lại xem Su-30MK số hiệu 502

Điểm lại tình hình Su.. của TQ
A Timeline of Events
1990 June 14. First contract for 24 aircraft signed, 18 single seaters and four dual seaters. The cost for the SK is approximately $32 million while the UBK is about $35 million.
1991 SU-27SK specs defined and set at KnAAPO, while SU-27UBK specs defined and set at IAPO. Radar is N001E, with a maximum search range of 240km, a target engagement range of 80-100km, with 40km at pursuit. 10 targets are tracked while in TWS (Track While Scan) mode. Various equipment includes RLPK-27 HUD, OEPS-27 opto-electronic system, and RNA-10 navigation system. Landing gear strengthened for an increase to 6,400kg payload. No built in ECM and the first order of aircraft did not include any ECM pods. Missile orders include R-73E, R-27R/T, and R-27ER/ET.
1992 June. Delivery of first batch, 8 SU-27SKs and 4 SU-27UBKs. PLAAF pilots enter 18 month intensive training course.
1992 November. Delivery of 12 SU-27SKs, plus two complementary SU-27UBKs for pilot and technician training (No. 25 and 26.) In ad***ion to No. 25 and 26, No.1, 2, 3 and 4 are UBKs. These early deals were paid in barter, such as clothes and tinned goods, which according to RAND, represented about 65% of the total value.. Or if based on a bilateral agreement, deals were conducted with 50% on A50 currency, where this currency is can only be used to purchase Chinese goods. There is criticism about a said requirement that planes and engines must be returned to Russia for overhauls, but it appears to be an interim requirement, as China lacked the facilities to perform such during that time, and in the quality standards required. Maintenance and overhauls will be conducted on Chinese soil when the proper infrastructure is built. The whole maintenance scheme, while sounding austere, needs to be noted that the two Sukhoi factories, IAPO and KnAAPO, are located in the Russian Far East, and hereby are much closer to China than they are to Moscow.
1995 22 SU-27 aircraft delivered, 18 SU-27SKs, and 4 SU-27UBK two seaters. There are two complementary aircraft, marked No. 49 and No. 50. This makes a total of 50 aircraft in the first two batches, confirmed by photograph of SU-27SK PLAAF serial number No. 49 and No. 50. One report says a number of these aircraft may have Zhuk-27 radar for testing purposes. Unlike the first order, it now appears the second batch includes Sorbatsya ECM pods. FAS.org reports the planes demonstrating a high accuracy in unguided bomb runs using Snakeeye lookalikes, suggesting that the radar has SU-35 style improvements to aid in bombing runs.
1996. December. December 6. License to manufacture signed. Numbers allegedly range from 150 to 300, with 200 the most popularly quoted number. The cost of the license was said to be $2.5 billion, of which $600 million was for knocked down kits, technical documentation and training. According Jane?Ts and Chinese website reports, this was said to be the -SMK variant. However, production turned out to be the basic -SK variant, although Chinese websites and internet posters continue to refer to the license as -SMK.. It may have been possible that China bought the SU-27 license at the SMK level for technological headroom for upgrades in the future. Provisions of this license include 70% maximum local content, 30% minimum Russian content. Engines license is not granted and have to be procured from Russia. No second export is not allowed. Any changes in the specification or improvements must be notified to the Sukhoi bureau including both new build and existing aircraft. If production numbers are not attained, China can exercise an option for Russia to build the equivalent SU-27s. China will set up maintenance facilities for the engines and planes, where as previously it had to send the planes or engines to Russia for overhaul. Knocked down kits were to be initially supplied by KnAAPO, of which the number was later reported to be 80. Pressing concerns with the Taiwan issue meant that production rates per year would be raised later, with an objective of attaining an optimistic 40 planes a year.
1997 April. About 14 SU-27s were seriously damaged in a typhoon. Three were irreparably damaged. One report, needing verification, says that the aircraft was replaced for free, presumably from the Russians?T own inventory, as part of an expression of good will between Russia and China.
1997 Summer. Documentation for the license production is turned over.
1998. December. Two test planes assembled and flew for the first time over Shenyang. But due to poor quality, had to be re-manufactured.
1999 February 20. SU-30 bort 05 is converted into the first SU-30MKK prototype. Bort 05 has previously served as the first SU-30 prototype.
1999 July. Third order of SU-27UBK deal signed, with estimated number up to 28, with each plane about $35 million. All -UBK orders are handled by IAPO, while -SK and -MKK orders are handled by KnAAPO.
1999 August 27. First order of SU-30MKK signed, presumably for 45 aircraft. Early reports vary in number from 40 to 50. The PRC required that KnAAPO be the executor of the contract, instead of IAPO which the Sukhoi has assigned SU-30 two seater construction. KnAAPO built the SU-27SK for the PLAAF but is only allowed to build single seaters. The assignment to KnAAPO showed the PRC being uncomfortable having the SU-30MKK built in the same IAPO plant where the SU-30MKI is being developed in partnership with India.
1999 October 2. A number of SU-27s participated in the National Flag day celebrating the PRC?Ts fiftieth anniversary. Planes that participated in the event are marked with a red flag near the right side of the ****pit. Planes that participated included bort 02, 024, 025 and 026.
2000 March 5, the first pre-series SU-30MKK, bort 501, had its first flight. The plane showed that despite previously believed, the plane lacked canards and TVC. The much more conservative approach to the plane suggests that unlike the Indians with their SU-30MKI, the Chinese were not willing to wait for years developing Super Flanker features like TVC, canards and phased array, and was in a big hurry to get their version first.
2000 May 10. There are reports that China purchased at least 100 R-77s. The exact model is the R-77E with a clearance code name of R-129.
2000 May 19, the second pre-series SU-30MKK, bort 502, had its first test flight.
2000 August 10. One report says that seven SU-30MKK has been completed and delivered on this date. It is interesting that the first officially released photos of the SU-30MKK by the PLA were only numbered up to 06. If so, then the actual deliveries of the first order of SU-30MKK were actually 44 to 45. Another report says that an SU-30MKK prototype, perhaps bort 501, was turned over.
2000 Shenyang Aircraft Corporation begins serial assembly of SU-27, a.k.a J-11. 14 were presumably built by the end of the year.
2000 November 6-12. SU-30MKK bort 502 was publicly displayed in Zhuhai 2000. An SU-30MKK prototype was said to have been ceremoniously handed over at Zhuhai airshow. Was this 501? Officials in Zhuhai also revealed that the 200 plane license won?Tt be completed, with SK kits up to 80.
2000 December 20. China receives the first 10 SU-30MKK from KnAAPO as more popularly believed. These are equipped with the N001VE radar.
2000 December 22. 8 (10 according to IAPO) of the third batch IAPO built SU-27UBK were received and assigned to the Chengdu region. They were reportedly equipped with an updated radar capable of firing the R-77 missile (N001V?)
2001 July. China signs contract for the second order of SU-30MKK, presumably 38 aircraft. Reports vary from 38 or 40. It was originally believed that the deliveries of this order was to begin on the end of 2003.
2001 August 16-20. MAKS2001 held in Russia showing a third SU-30MKK ?oprototype? called ?o503", whose unfinished paint con***ion suggests a serial production SU-30MKK on loan for publicity purposes.
2001 August. Flight International revealed that the radar for the SU-30MKK would be changed to the Zhuk-MS in the third batch after the 20th plane. This is also reported by JED.
2001 August. 10 more of the SU-30MKK received.
2001 December. The last batch SU-30MKK received from the first order, said to be 18 planes. These were assigned to the flight test center near Beijing. Bort 21, 26, 33, 34, and 36 has been photographed and identified.
2001 Possibly 20 J-11s were finished for the year of 2001, adding to the alleged 14 in 2000. Shenyang displayed an SU-27 mockup with bort ?o2001" carrying R-77s, Kh-31 and Kh-29 missiles, suggesting a multirole capability for the J-11.
2001 Sukhoi announced its overall deliveries for the year amounted to 50 aircraft. 30 of these were SU-30MKK, 10 of these were SU-27UBK for the PLAAF probably delivered sometime in November or December, and the last 10 were SU-24MK for the Algerian Air Force.
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2002 March. Annual spring exercises may have showed the most frequent and most intensive use of the Flankers in exercises yet, including use of SU-30MKKs. However, SU-30MKKs were reported not having fitted any weapons.
2002 April. Allegedly, an SU-30 was said to have crashed into the side of the mountain. While there is no direct proof of the accident, there are reports and rumors of officer turnovers suggestive of a backlash from possible attrition in exercises.
2002 May. CCTV held a celebration in honor of the Shenyang Aircraft Company right in TV. The show featured two newly built SU-27s on stage. Other than a ?oJ-11A? mockup in a Shenyang display stand the year before, this was the first time China acknowledged domestic construction of the SU-27, and the first time such planes were ever seen up close. The fit and finish of the Chinese made Flankers appear superior to the Russian ones, with the manufacture of the planes with the purchase of state of the art precision machinery.
2002 June. There was an acceleration of production in SAC, XAC and CAC plants with full 24 hour shifts. This suggests a major effort to increase J-11 production rate to as high as 30 to 40 a year . It was reported that four ?ocase hardened? J-10s have joined an evaluation unit and had mock dogfights with SU-27s.
2002 June 29. There were reports indicating that a Chinese software engineer has manage break the software for the SU-27''s fire control radar, a step forward either in reverse engineering the radar or adapting the use of local guided missiles to it.
2002 July 1. First report of a confirmed firing of R-77s from two Chinese SU-30MKs in the week before.
2002 July-August, China presumably will sign another contract for the third order of SU-30, now SU-30MK2, presumably a new navalized variant for the airborne arm of the Chinese Navy, the PLANAF. Reports say the plane can use the Kh-31A antiship missile up to a range of 200km and will be equipped with Zhuk radar from Phazotron. It is presumed that the Kh-31A is a new version with an extended range to 200km, as previous versions have 70-100km. The radar is presumed to be the Zhuk MS.
2002 August 19. 10 SU-30MKK delivered, with one report erroneously saying as part of the order for the PLANAF. These planes were delivered to a base in Anhui province.
2002 August 27. A Japanese newspaper reported that China signed a contract for 28 SU-30MK for the Chinese Navy.
2002 August. WS-10A engines, possibly with TVC nozzles, had its first successful flight with an SU-27.
2002 October. All weapons of the SU-30MKK were successfully fired and tested.
2002 November 6-12. Zhuhai air show. Interview with Sukhoi chief designer spoke of an upgraded version, the SU-30MKK2, while Douglas Barrie of Aviation Week mentions of forthcoming SU-30MKK variants as SU-30MK2 and SU-30MK3. According to Barrie, SU-30MK2 still uses the updated N001 base radar but considerably improved, while the SU-30MK3 will use the Zhuk-MS. A new antiship missile, Kh-59MK was displayed for the SU-30MK3. Sukhoi also annonced intention to create an office in Beijing, working to improve support and looking for ward for more sales.
2002 November. Chinese reports indicate that local content of J-11 production has now reached 60% and trying to attain the pure 100%. Shenyang may be negotiation to lift content restriction may to allow the entire plane to be made from 100% indigenous components and use Chinese missiles like the SD-10 and YJ series.
2002 November. 10 SU-27UBK delivered as IAPO announced completion of deliveries of third order SU-27UBK.
2002 November. 10 J-10s were said to have joined a well known PLAAF SU-27 formation, the 3rd Divsion of Nanjing MR for operational evaluation.
2002 December 16. 9 SU-30MKK said to be delivered for the PLANAF. The planes landed in an airbase at Tsuizhou along with two IL-76 transports carrying spare parts.
2003 January 15. Richard Fisher of the Jamestown Foundation made a report confirming the SU-30MK2 and SU-30MK3 for the Chinese Navy. It is presumed that the Chinese Navy intends to arm at least three regiments of SU-30MK2/3, amounting to at least 60 aircraft. SU-30MK3 will be equipped with Kh-59MK with a targeting range of 300km. At least several dozens of J-11 were said to be completed, but will terminate at either the 80th or 120th aircraft, suggesting a move to a new model. (Some other reports presumed it may be SU-30MKK (J-11B? JH-11?), others an improved single seater variant (J-11A?) with SD-10 compatibility, multirole and midflight refueling capability that can serve as an interim version either to a fully domestic SU-27 or SU-30MKK license. Earlier reports suggest SU-30MKK license could entail as much as 150-250 aircraft.)
2003 January 14. CNN reports China engaging in a massive war game exercise. Since China usually engage in war games in springtime, the timing of this exercise is a surprise. ?oNew fighters? were reported to be training aggressively more than ever before, and this is presumed to be SU-30MKKs.
2003 January 15. JDW reports that China is close to a deal in signing a 28 plane contract. This is presumably the 28 planes for the PLANAF. Does it mean that the deal wasn?Tt signed last August? Or is this a separate new deal?
2003 January 26. China signs a 30 aircraft deal. The deal will purchase the SU-30MK2 for the Chinese Navy.

Su-27SKM

Su-27 in combat action
http://aviacia.ru/Video/Su-27/su27_in_combat_action.mpg

Tháng 6/ 2005 đẹp trời tại triển lẫm hàng không Qtế Pháp mọi người đều chờ đợi một sự bất ngờ mới hơn SU-27 được biểu diễn trên bầu trời ( airshow) mà các cường quốc hàng không như Mỹ, Pháp Anh có thể đưa ra trình làng, nhưng sự chờ đợi đó đã không thành hiện thực. Tại triễn lãm không có chiếc tiêm kích nào có thể thực hiện được các đường bay huyền thoại chỉ có trong truyện viễn tưởng như chiếc SU-27 và các modìication của nó vào những năm trước. Chiếc tiêm kích của thế kỷ 21 là biệt danh được gán cho SU-27 từ ngày đầu bay thử.
Tuy vậy nói đến SU-27 huyền thoại và các modìication của nó sẽ là không đủ nếu không nói đến người thiết kế ra nó, Tổng công trình sư của SUKHOI, Anh Hùng Liên Bang Nga, được trao tặng bằng khen Lenin, MIKHAIL PETROVICH SIMONOV. Nếu bác guftoil không phản đối, tôi sẽ giới thiệu thân thế, sự nghiệp, cuộc sống và sáng tạo của con người huyền thoại này đi kèm với các hình ảnh đẹp của bác. . Tôi nghĩ như thế sẽ sinh động hơn.

NGƯỜI KIẾN TẠO ƯU THẾ TRÊN KHÔNG.​

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MIKHAIL PETROVICH SIMONOV
(To be continued)

Buồn lái SU 27

Tiếp theo ...

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Bạn cứ kể ra đi cho tất cả cùng biết- Kể ra tại Paris AirShow 2005 anh F/A-18F/E cũng hứa bay các kiểu như Su-27SKM nhưng sau đó lại không làm được.