Giới thiệu về Su-27SKM và Su-30MK2

UPDATED: 08:57, August 26, 2005
China, Russia conclude joint military exercises

Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov (L Front) shakes hands with General Ge Zhenfeng, general director of the Chinese side of the exercise, when he confers a medal on Ge at the end of the China-Russia joint military exercises in east China''s Shandong Province August 25, 2005. The first-ever China-Russia military exercises, dubbed "Peace Mission 2005," ended here Thursday after successful maneuvers of 10,000 troops from the Russian and Chinese navy, air force, army and paratroops. Chinese Defense Minister Cao Gangchuan and his Russian counterpart Sergei Ivanov attended the closing ceremony and reviewed the troops.

Chinese Defense Minister Cao Gangchuan (L Front) shakes hands with a Russian officer when he confers awards on Russian officers at the end of the China-Russia joint military exercises in east China''s Shandong Province August 25, 2005.

Chinese soldiers receive review at the end of the China-Russia joint military exercise in east China''s Shandong Province August 25, 2005.

A formation of helicopters receive review at the end of the China-Russia joint military exercise in east China''s Shandong Province August 25, 2005.
UPDATED: 09:57, August 26, 2005
Russia, China to hold new military exercises, says Russian defense minister

Russia and China may hold new joint military exercises in the future and the friendship between the two armed forces will become a major guarantee of peace in Asia-Pacific and the world at large, Russia Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov said in Weifang, east ChinaĂ¯s Shandong Province.
Ivanov made the remarks at the closing ceremony of the first-ever joint military exercises, which started a week ago, first in Russia''s Far East and then moved to the Shandong Peninsula in east China.
Ivanov spoke highly of the good coordination of the Russian and Chinese navy, air force, army and paratroops participating in the maneuvers, saying the 10,000 troops displayed a very high level of skills and tactics.
"Only when we are closely united can we meet new challenges and threats," he said.
Source: Xinhua

UPDATED: 14:05, August 27, 2005
Russian Air Force Equipment Exhibition held in east China

A Russian A-50 early warning plane is on display at the Russian Air Force Equipment Exhibition held following the Sino-Russian "Peace Mission 2005" military exercises, in Qingdao, a coastal city of east China''s Shandong Province, on August 26, 2005.

A Russian pilot (R) introduces to Chinese officers an Il-78 Midas aerial tanker during the Russian Air Force Equipment Exhibition held following the Sino-Russian "Peace Mission 2005" military exercises, in Qingdao, a coastal city of east China''s Shandong Province, on August 26, 2005.

A Russian Il-78 Midas aerial tanker is on display at the Russian Air Force Equipment Exhibition held following the Sino-Russian "Peace Mission 2005" military exercises, in Qingdao, a coastal city of east China''s Shandong Province, on August 26, 2005.

A Russian Tu-95 MS strategic bomber is on display at the Russian Air Force Equipment Exhibition held following the Sino-Russian "Peace Mission 2005" military exercises, in Qingdao, a coastal city of east China''s Shandong Province, on August 26, 2005.

A Russian Su-27 fighter is on display at the Russian Air Force Equipment Exhibition held following the Sino-Russian "Peace Mission 2005" military exercises, in Qingdao, a coastal city of east China''s Shandong Province, on August 26, 2005.

INDIA DEFENCE CONSULTANTS
WHAT''S HOT? ?"?" ANALYSIS OF RECENT HAPPENINGS


Exercise Peace Mission 2005: An Analysis
By Prasun K. Sengupta


New Delhi, 25 August 2005
The first ever combined exercises between Russia and the Peoplê?Ts Republic of China were supposed to be an anti-terrorism exercise, but they proceeded on a rather larger scale than that. The massive, eight-day exercises started on Wednesday, August 18, 2005 and continued through to August 25. The Defence Attaches of only India, Pakistan, Iran and the four Central Asian republics were invited to watch the exercises. The first phase was held between August 18 and 19 on the territory of Russiâ?Ts Far Eastern Military District. Chiefs of the Russian and Chinese General Staffs gathered in Vladivostok for consultations. From August 20 the exercises moved to the Yellow Sea and the area off Jiaodong peninsula in eastern Chinâ?Ts Shandong province. The second phase lasted between August 20 and 22 on Chinese territory in Shandong. There was live-fire training on August 23 and 25, and the Russian and Chinese Defence Ministers watched it. The exercises involved nearly 100,000 troops from the armies, navies, air forces as well as airborne units, Marine Corps and logistics units of the Chinese Peoplê?Ts Liberation Army (PLA) and the Russian armed forces.
Final arrangements for the exercises were agreed on July 1, 2005 when Maj Gen Qian Lihua of Mainland Chinâ?Ts Defence Ministry visited Moscow. On August 18, the Chief of the Russian Armed Forces?T General Staff, Col-Gen Yurii Baluevskii, and his Chinese counterpart Col-Gen Liang Guanglie announced the opening of the first-ever joint Chinese-Russian military exercises. The first stage of the exercises saw both General Staffs leading the training and build-up phase that was mainly conducted in Russiâ?Ts Far East Military District. On August 20, operational command of the joint Russia-China task force specified the decision to commit combined military forces into action. Russian and Chinese paratroopers subsequently landed on the Weibei Training Ground in Mainland Chinâ?Ts Shandong peninsula. Troops from the Russian Army?Ts Pskov 76th Airborne Division and 55th Division had thus moved to the exercise zone. 86 men and 18 airborne armoured infantry combat vehicles (12 Russian PT-76Ms equipped with Metis-M anti-armour guided-missiles, and six Chinese airborne armoured infantry combat vehicles of a new type) were ferried and landed by five Russian and five Chinese Ilyushin IL-76MDs. After landing, the paratroopers began to train for approaching their assault positions and the launching of an attack at enemy positions under friendly artillery fire-support. Russiâ?Ts Col-Gen Vladimir Moltenskoy and Col-Gen Liang Guanglie watched the final training session. In all, no less than 9,000 PLA troops and 1,800 Russian military personnel were involved in the exercises, the first ever between the two countries. The Defence Ministers of China and Russia met on August 24 and agreed that their unprecedented joint military exercises had helped open a new chapter in relations. Chinese Defence Minister Gen Cao Gangchuan met his Russian counterpart Sergei Ivanov for breakfast in Qingdao and said that the joint manoeuvres were a major historical event in the history of relations between the two countries and between the two armed forces who had improved their friendship, deepened their understanding of each other and shown a new level of strategic partnership between Mainland China and Russia.
Even when Mainland China and the Soviet Union were communist ideological allies against the United States at the height of the Cold War from 1949 to 1958, and through the Korean War of 1950-1953, they never carried out any joint military exercises on anything close to this scale. Though Mainland China and Russia have insisted that the ?~Peace Mission 2005?T exercises were not directed against any specific third country, it is hard not to think that Japan and its closest ally the US were not in the planners?T minds. After all, the exercises also involved practicing the deployment of conventional diesel-electric submarines and long-range maritime strike bombers to strike against the navy of any other power, and only Japan and the US have any forces that could qualify as targets or potential foes off North East Asia. China has officially defended the reassuring counter-terrorism cover story for the exercises by saying that they were meant to practice dealing with crises and organising coordinated actions in the backdrop of the fight against terrorism, separatism and extremism. But the use of the term ?~separatism?T suggested another possible purpose, at least in Chinese eyes. For if Mainland China were ever to consider projecting its overwhelming military power against the offshore island of Taiwan, whose current President Chen Shui-bian has repeatedly infuriated Beijing with his moves towards full de jure legal independence, then they would have to practice exactly the kind of manoeuvres they undertook in the exercises. And if Russian forces at some point in the future were ever to be deployed in military--and, therefore, also political--support of any Chinese military operation to deter any Japanese attempt to seize the disputed Kurile Islands, or deter US intervention in defence of Taiwan, then the two armed forces would have to have experience in full-scale operational cooperation at the theatre-level, just as they did in the Shandong peninsula. It was also striking that the exercises involved the practice of combined operations, with elements from the navies and air forces, as well as the Marines, of both countries being involved. In ad***ion, establishing Chinese control over the natural resources of Siberia is not a hypothetical threat, but an imperative of Chinese policy, because within a decade China will exhaust its internal resources and import possibilities for the development of its economy. In this case, China has no choice but to reach for the natural resources of areas like Siberia and Kazakhstan. Also, Beijing does not consider the Russian Army capable of confronting the military might of Japan in case rising nationalistic sentiments compelled Tokyo to flex its muscles off Russiâ?Ts Far East (just like it did in 1905).
The hot and humid climate in China did not render any impact on the operational capabilities of Russian combat aircraft, which began arriving at the air base in Qingdao in Shandong. One Sukhoi Su-27SM and one Su-24MK landed at Liutin airport along with an IL-76MD on August 11. By August 15, 11 Russian combat aircraft had been positioned in Qingdao to take part in the exercises, including Su-24Ms, Su-27SMs, IL-76MDs, one IL-78MD, and Tupolev Tu-95MS and Tu-22M3 long-range bombers. Seven Russian IL-76MDs, carrying a reinforced Company from the 76th Airborne Division and military hardware, took off on August 10 and another six IL-76MDs subsequently transported cargo and motorised vehicles to China. A Russian Air Force A-50 AEW & C aircraft, an IL-78MD aerial refuelling tanker, an upgraded Su-24M interdictor/strike aircraft, a recently-upgraded Su-27SM and a Tu-154M theatre ground reconnaissance aircraft were also flown out to the exercise area in Vladivostok.
Warships of the Russian Navy?Ts Pacific Fleet which took part in the ?~Peace Mission 2005?T joint exercises left Vladivostok for Mainland China on August 7. These ships included the BDK-11 Ivan Rogov-class large landing ship, the Marshal Shaposhnikov Udaloy-class guided-missile destroyer, and the Burny Type 956 Sovremenny-class guided-missile destroyer. The exercises?T naval scenario involved anti-submarine and anti-aircraft operations, as well as anti-ship cruise missile launches. The naval blockade scenario was made up of four parts, including striving for and maintaining air superiority over the water and joint airborne and shipborne anti-submarine operations. The third part was a joint attack by diesel-electric submarines, combat aircraft and warships against ?~enemy?T warships and submarines, while the fourth part involved the air defence of friendly principal surface combatants and submarines. On August 23, the two Defence Ministers observed an amphibious landing at Langyatai, an ancient harbour on the Shandong peninsula. The simulated amphibious assault ended after 62 minutes of pitched ?~battlê?T in pouring rain. The same day, the Burny guided-missile destroyer fired a Raduga Kh-41 Zubr supersonic anti-ship cruise missile, while the PLA Navy?Ts DDG 168 guided-missile destroyer fired a 9M317M surface-to-air missile that forms part of the Shtil-1 naval shipborne air defence system. A PLA Navy Type 039G Song-class diesel-electric submarine carried out a submerged launch of the YJ-83 anti-ship cruise missile, which is claimed to have a range of 220km. PLA Naval Aviation combat aircraft like the Su-30MKK2 and JH-7A carried out tactical strike and offensive air superiority sorties, while the Kamov Ka-28PLs and Harbin Z-9Cs provided ASW sweeps using dunking sonars. The Z-9Cs also provided covering fire with 20mm rockets in support of amphibious beach assault operations. A solitary Shaanxi Y-8J maritime reconnaissance aircraft also took part in the anti-ship strike/ASW phases of the exercises.
The exercises were also a good opportunity for Russia, the largest weapons supplier to Mainland China, to showcase new weapon systems. The PLA Navy?Ts Naval Aviation is currently negotiating the purchase of up to four Tu-22M3 swing-wing, medium-range bombers along with up to 40 Raduga-built 3M80E Moskit supersonic anti-ship cruise missiles, along with an initial four Tu-142ME Mod 4 long-range maritime reconnaissance/ASW aircraft equipped with the Morskoy Zmei (Sea Dragon) mission sensor suite. The Tu-22M3 is built by the Tatarstan-based A Gorbunov Kazan Aircraft Production Association (KAPO), while the Tu-142ME Mod 4 is built by the Taganrog Aviation Company (TAVIA). The Tu-22M3 can carry payloads weighing 24 metric tones, including six 180km-range 3M80E Moskit supersonic anti-ship cruise missiles.
The exercises should therefore also be seen as a manifestation of the Moscow-Beijing bilateral ?~strategic partnership?T. But at the same time, Russiâ?Ts simultaneous northern war games west of the Urals (involving IL-76MD transports with paratroopers, Tu-95MS strategic bombers firing Kh-555 cruise missiles at targets in the sea, and Su-27SMs providing escort-and-sweep coverage for friendly ground forces) were a demonstration of Moscow?Ts strategic military might.