1/Tu cong thuc C3H7O2N ta suy ra trong phan tu co 1 lien ket pi: -A,B,C laá nhung hop chat luong tinh nen trong A,B,C co ca tinh axit va tinh bajo nen A,B,C co the la hop chat amino axit hoac muoi amoni cua axit huu co.Vi C co kha nang lam mat mau dd Brom nen trong C phai co lien ket pi trong mach vay C phai la hop chat : CH2=CH-COONH4 ( AMONI PROPENONAT) CH2=CH-COONH4 = CH2=CH-COO-+NH4+ NH4+ = NH3 + H+ CH2=CH-COO- + H2O = CH2=CH-COOH + OH- CH2=CH-COONH4 + BR2 = CH2Br-CHBrCOONH4 -A la hop chat : CH3- CH (NH2)-COOH ( 2 -amino-propanoic) -B la hop chat: H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH (3-amino propanoic) Vi trong phan tu co nhom -NH2 the hien tinh bojo , nhom - COOH the hien tinh axit nen A , B la nhung hop chat luong tinh Con D la hop chat trung tinh nen D la : CH3-CH2-CH2-NO2 (3-nitro-propan) hoac CH3-CH(NO2)-CH3(2-nitro-propanoic) . 2/ 2-1/trong mot hop chat huu co so nguyen tu hidro luon nho hon hoac bang 2 lan so nguyen tu cacbon cong them 2 (y<=2x+2) vay chi co n=1 la thoa dieu kien tren C3H8O (khong co lien ket pi trong mach ) ta co the viet duoc cac cong thuc cau tao sau : CH3-CH2-CH2- OH ( propan-1-ol) CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 ( propan-2-ol) CH3-O-CH2-CH3 ( etyl- metyl-ete) 2-2/ a/ Sau phan ung voi KMNO4 ta thu duoc hop chat glixerin nen Y la CH2=CH-CH2 -OH( propenol) CH2=CH-CH2-OH+KMNO4+H2O -> CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH+ MNO2+KOH b/ CH2=CH-CH2OH (PROPENOL) CH2=CH-O-CH3( METYL VINYL ETE) CH3-CH2-CHO( ADEHIT PROPIONIC) CH3-CO-CH3 (DIMETYL XETON) Xiclopropanol (dang mach vong) 3/ xiclopropan (A)+BR2 = CH2BR-CH2-CH2-CH2BR(B) CH2BR-CH2-CH2-CH2BR+NAOH = CH2OH-CH2-CH2-CH2OH (C) +2NABR CH2OH-CH2-CH2-CH2OH +CUO= OHC-CH2-CH2-CHO (D)+ CU + H2O OHC-CH2-CH2-CHO +O2 = HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH (E) HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH + 2C2H5OH = C2H5OOC-CH2-CH2-COOC2H5 (F)+ 2H2O
