Hỏi về F22

Không có radar gì hiện đại và đa chức năng hơn AESA cả . vì thế ngày nay cả thế giới đang nổ lức tự nghiên cứu hay mua , đánh cắp tình báo kỹ thuật AESA . Ngày nay không riêng Mỹ mới sản xuất được loại radar này . Trước đây khá lâu sau khị radar này trang bị đại trà trên máy bay Mỹ . trên internet các forum nhiều fans Nga đã đưa tin về vụ Nga_Ấn hợp tác nghiên cứu sản xuất radar AESA có tên gọi The Irbis nghĩa là snow leapord . Các fans này cho biết thứ Nga-Ấn AESA radar này sẽ ra đời vào năm 2010 và Ấn sẽ dùng thay cho radar Bars của họ đang sử dụng hiện nay . Ấn vốn cao tay trong công nghệ tin học là cái mà Nga vốn yếu hơn nhiều . AESA hoạt động dựa trên computer và tín hiệu kỹ thuật số . Sức mạnh sử lý thông tin của computer quyết định một phần quan trọng nhất của nó .
Non-American AESA radar developments
The rest of the world seems to be catching up with the US in the field of AESA radar technology. Russia, Europe, Israel, India and China seem to be catching up fast.
RUSSIAN developments :
The Irbis(snow leapord in Russian) AESA :
The Irbis is a co-development between LRDE of India and Tikhomirov NIIP of Russia at a cost of US$160 million.
This new new, active phased-array airborne radar is to find its way into India''s Su-30 MKI''s by 2010 (replacing the present NO11M Bars phased array radar)
Trên là đoạn tin các fans Nga đưa vào giũa năm ngoái .

Em thấy bài này trên trang mosnews hay hay (liên quan đến F22) nên post lên đây.
Bác nào giỏi Anh Văn thì dịch dùm! Cám ơn rất nhiều. Trình độ của em đọc chỉ hiểu sơ xài, một số thuật ngữ không biết dịch làm sao nên không thể dịch được
Bác nào có thể dịch được nhưng không có thời gian thì xin chỉ cần tóm tắt lại, em cũng cám ơn rất nhiều
Genealogy of Fifth Generation Fighters
Created: 22.06.2006 14:37 MSK (GMT +3), Updated: 13:49 MSK
MosNews
The more talk there is about fifth-generation fighters, the more often the question arises: what exactly is a fifth-generation fighter? A special report from Lenta.ru traces back to the roots of this highly sought after aircraft.
The fourth generation of jet-propelled fighters came out in the late 70s, but towards the start of the 80s waned a bit. After lagging behind for 10 years, the re-equipping of the air forces of leading world countries is picking up. The U.S. is the pace setter in the arms race as it was the first country to commission state-of-the-art fighter jets, leaving other leading aircraft producers behind. The more talk there is about fifth-generation fighters, the more often the question arises: what exactly is a fifth-generation fighter? What kind of identifying characteristics must an aircraft possess in order to be considered to be among aircraft of a new type? In general, how do technological features assign an aircraft to one generation or another?
The first generation, developed in the mid to late 40s, lasted a relatively short period of time. As opposed to the prop planes from the end of World War II, the first jet-propelled aircraft differed by means of their engines, with speeds of more than 150-200km per hour and ?oworking? ceilings of 13-15,000m, rather than 10-11,000m--which was noticeably worse than that of the maneuverable jet-propelled planes. Weapons and target-navigation equipment remained practically just as before: 2-3 cannons or 4-6 heavy-caliber machine guns and an optical sight. The most famous and characteristic aircraft of the first generation are the MiG-15 and F-86 Sabre. The altitudes for dog fighting during those times did not exceed a few hundred meters and the combat that raged over Korea--in which the jet-propelled aircraft first flew--barely differed from the air combat of WWII. With time the capabilities of the aircraft improved, and the last models of the first generation fighters ?" such as the MiG-19 or the F-100 Super Sabre ?" reached supersonic speeds. In ad***ion, the family of first generation aircraft was modernized, and received radars and guided missiles.
Jet-driven fighters of the second generation came on line in the mid 50s, initially drafted as aircraft exceeding the speed of sound by 1.5-2 times (maximum speeds reached the force of 1800-2200km per hr), equipped with radar tracking devices and ?oair-to-air? missiles with thermal (infrared) and self-guided warheads. Missiles and radar were able to compensate for the boost in speed as they increased the distance to target, thus allowing the pilot enough time to have a plan of action. At that time, during the universal frenzy for missiles, guns were vanishing from airplanes as they were becoming outdated across the board. The advancement of military aircraft was striving to reach the fastest maximum speeds and highest altitudes possible. The brightest examples of the second generation ?" the MiG-21 in the USSR, the Mirage-III in France, and the F-104 Super Starfighter in the U.S. ?" were in service for many years in the air forces of dozens of countries; and moreover, the MiG and Mirage are still in production to this day.
Aircraft of the second generation did not become overly massive, like those produced by design bureaus and aviation factories ?" fighters of the third generation. The rise in cost of fighters, already noticeable at that time, demanded the production of multipurpose jet-driven aircraft. The ability to conduct various missions as well as the quest for air superiority to attack ground targets with the help of guided weapons became the distinctive characteristic of aircraft of the new generation. The increase in capabilities of fighters occurred thanks to improvements in electronics--powerful, compact radars and optical systems were available for distribution in airplanes. The increased weight of the new aircraft was compensated for by the emergence of powerful, efficient engines.
The F-4 Phantom II and MiG-23, created in the early and late 60s respectively, are considered to be the most remarkable aircraft of their time; but the third generation created an entirely new branch of specialized aircraft, due to the presence of powerful and multi-faceted target navigation equipment and corresponding missiles. Grouped along with such aircraft are the MiG-25 interceptor, and the Su-24 and ?oTornado? strike aircraft.
The third generation was still created during the time of heightened enthusiasm of missile weaponry, and originally new aircraft carried nothing except for multipurpose missiles. During the time of their design, air combat resulted in the solution to a mathematical equation ?" the speedy intercept of a target with low-maneuverability by means of a low-maneuvering missile. But the 10 year Vietnam War and Arab-Israeli conflicts demonstrated to everyone that such a notion was a mistake. Loaded with ammunition, the multipurpose ?oPhantoms? of the third generation could not fly at supersonic speeds and became victims of the maneuverable MiG-17-fighters of the first jet-driven generation with tra***ional weaponry. MiG-21s, belonging to the second generation and differing on account of their powerful engines and light weight, good maneuverability and high speeds, became even more dangerous opponents for the virtually straight flying strike fighters. Once again, when battles flared up above the Sinai Peninsula ?" the MiG-21 and Mirage-III demonstrated that high flying was written off early.
As a result, the fourth generation of jet-driven fighters was created on the basis of a series of compromises. The fighter had to maintain a high speed ?" not less than twice the speed of sound at high altitudes ?" and have the capability of penetrating anti-air defense systems at ultra-low altitudes and at near-sonic speeds. Its flight characteristics had to allow the conducting of dog-fighting maneuvers while firing guns and missiles at close range. The fighter?Ts radar had to have the capability of simultaneous tracking and weapon navigation of several targets within a line-of-sight distance. The American fighters F-15, F-16, F-18, the French Mirage-2000, and the Soviet MiG-29 and Su-27 became ?oheroes of our time?. The speed and altitude characteristics of the multipurpose fighters of the new generation did not grow, and occasionally several even decreased. The speed record was held by the specialized interceptor MiG-31, which was unequipped for the maneuvers of air combat, but suited for the fourth generation on account of its all-powerful radar tracking system.
Along with the growth of possibilities for fighters, the change of generations was characterized by the constant refinement of air navigational systems. Fighters of the first generation were directed from the ground by radio on the basis of information obtained from ground-based radar tracking systems or visual sight; fighters of the second generation already had individual radar tracking and could navigate with its help, as with the help of the ground-based radar tracking on an automatic setting. Fighters of the third generation received the capability to interact immediately with several navigation stations and with planes equipped with airborne early warning. The fourth generation expanded these capabilities thanks to multi-channel radars and the internal navigation of planes in formation. The aircraft became a part of the air-to-ground complex, responsible for the detection, escort and destruction of targets.
Work on the fifth generation of jet-driven fighters began in the early 80s, and questions immediately arose as to which design precisely defined the fifth generation. The issue soon turned philosophical rather than technical, but it took about 15 years to work out. The U.S. defined the characteristic identifiers of fifth generation aircraft as reduced radar tracking signature and supersonic cruising speed. The USSR, and then Russia added quality of high-maneuverability to this list. One thing that all participants in the process agreed on was that the fighter must have radio tracking equipment, enabling it to zero in on targets not only in the forward hemisphere, but also in the rear hemisphere. And, perhaps, the most characteristic identifier of the fifth generation fighter is the highest level of integration of the aircraft in the structure of the air-to-ground complex.
Great possibilities, which the on board equipment of the fifth generation aircraft affords, can be completely realized only by the presence of corresponding information, supplied by various channels of communications from dozens of sources ?" from AWACS aircraft, reconnaissance aircraft, ground navigation systems, fighters-neighbors in the group etc. In absence of a congruous structure, made up of dozens of air and ground elements, a significant part of the potential of fifth generation aircraft simply will not be realized, and money wasted on the purchase of such high-end fighters will be tossed in the wind. As a result, fighters of the new generation will be practically of no use to developing countries--incredibly expensive by themselves, as they will require special support systems which developing countries simply cannot afford.
If we look at different aircraft that fit the proposed set of criteria, we can note only three of all aircraft designed in the 90s: the already produced F-22, the still experimental F-35/JSF (Joint Strike Fighter) and the Russian produced I-21, which is anticipated in the next year. Neither the Rafale, nor the Eurofighter, nor the Gripen are considered to be fifth generation aircraft. Just as the last aircraft of the Su-27 and MiG-29 platforms, the multipurpose aircraft of the 4+ generation, are aircraft valued not for what they are by themselves, but for being a part of the most complex combat system.

Russian Rival to the F-22?
Russia will start flight-testing a fifth generation fighter?"the equivalent of the F-22?"next year and begin production in 2009, Russian officials claimed in June.
Russian Air Force chief Gen. Vladimir Mikhailov said several ?oexperimental? examples of the new I-21, built by Sukhoi and a successor to the Su-27 Flanker family, will fly in 2007 with placeholder engines while the production-version engines complete development.
Sergei Ivanov, Russian Defense Minister, said production of the I-21 will commence in 2009 ?owith a new engine.? The remarks of the two defense officials were carried by Novosti, the official Russian news and information agency.
Mikhailov earlier had compared the new fighter to the F-22 and F-35, claiming that it has stealth, advanced integrated avionics, and high maneuverability. He has suggested the I-21 will be an alternative for countries that don?Tt want to buy the American F-35.
Russia has made grandiose pronouncements about fifth generation fighters before. It rolled out the MiG I-44 in 1994, claiming it to be a fifth generation fighter, but its appearance suggested that it was not at all stealthy, and its performance was judged comparable to the Su-27. The project was abandoned in 1997.
Since then, Russia has been experimenting with a forward-swept-wing derivative of the Flanker, called the S-37 Berkut.
Thế là năm sau Nga mới cho bay thử em fifth generation đầu tiên có khả năng được đưa vào sản xuất! Vậy mà đến 2009 đã có thể sản xuất được gòi! Bái phục! Thử lẹ quá liệu có an toàn không nhỉ? Dù sao cũng chúc mừng bác Nga Gấu! . Bác Mẽo không biết lúc này đang chăm cho new geneartion of bomber hay đã bắt tay vào làm con sixth generation fighter nhỉ?
Được soundlessman sửa chữa / chuyển vào 08:08 ngày 11/09/2006

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FIDAE NEWS 2006. -El representante oficial del holding Sukhoi dijo a FIDAE NEWS que Venezuela ha expresado interés en adquirir los más modernos aviones de combate rusos. Las conversaciones están progresando para adquirir una partida de lo nuevos cazas avanzados Su-35. Esta aeronave es el producto militar más avanzado de esa compañía.
El trabajo en el nuevo Su-35 denominado T10BM (Bolshaya Modernizatsiya o Gran Modernización) dentro de la oficina de diseño, comenzó en 2004. Se prevé que el prototipo vuele antes del fin de 2006, y desde el 2009 el caza estará disponible en el mercado. El Su-35 está considerado para llenar el vacío antes de comenzar la producción del caza de nueva generación de Sukhoi T-50 (PAK FA) cerca del 2015.
La configuración estructural del Su-35 es casi la misma de la serie del Su-27, particularmente, el nuevo avión no posee canards, los cuales eran la marca de fábrica de los cazas Sukhoi más recientes, incluyendo también los anteriores prototipos del Su-35 (Su-27M). Las características aerodinámicas han sido actualizadas; las superficies de control son más pequeñas que las del Su-27. para incrementar la vida de servicio de la estructura del fuselaje, muchos elementos construidos en aluminio serán reemplazados por otros de titanio.
Las alternativas clave introducidas en el Su-35 incluyen el nuevo radar N035 Iris y los motores de empuje incrementado AL-41F1.
El radar N035 Irbis (Irbis-E para aviones de exportación), desarrollado por el instituto Tikhomirov NIIP para el Su-35 es la continuación del radar Bars del Su-30MKI y, como su predecesor, tiene antena de escaneo electrónicamente pasiva (PESA). De acuerdo al NIIP, el radar PESA ''clásico'' (para esta compañía) está aún lejos de estar obsoleto y es tan bueno como los primeros radares con antena activa (AESA).
Las ventajas del Irbis sobre el Bars incluyen un alcance más amplio de frecuencias operacionales, mayor ángulo de zona de búsqueda (debido a la mejor antena y conducción de dos pasos), alcance mayor y mejor resistencia a interferencias (jamming, gracias a un transmisor más potente), así como mayor resolución, tanto en la detección de blancos aéreos o de superficie.
El radar Irbis-E es capaz de traquear-mientras-escanea hasta 30 blancos, ocho de los cuales pueden ser casi continuamente traqueados con exactitud suficiente para enganches simultáneos por ocho misiles aire-aire (AAMs) con radar activo de alcance medio (RVV-AE) o por cuatro AAMs de largo alcance con radar activo (K-100).
El Irbis-E es capaz de enganchar simultáneamente hasta cuatro blancos de superficie. En el modo de operación combinado, el radar es capaz de buscar simultáneamente en el espacio aéreo y en la superficie terrestre incluyendo el enganche de un único blanco aéreo con suficiente exactitud para usar un misil de radar activo.
Gracias a la potencia peak de 20Kw, el radar Irbis-E vee el blanco aéreo de una sección de tres metros cuadrados desde una distancia no menor a 350-400Km en posición frontal o no menos de 150 Km en posición de cola (a gran altitud). Blancos ''furtivos'' (con sección de radar de 0.01 m2) son detectados desde una distancia de 90km.
El prototipo del radar Iris comenzó pruebas aéreas el 24 de junio del 2005 en el avión de caza experimental Su-30Mk2. Las pruebas confirmaron el alcance de búsqueda del proyecto así como la posibilidad del trabajo simultáneo con nueve blancos, dos reales y siete imitados. El radar trabajó en modos aire-aire y aire-superficie simultáneamente.
El Su-35 será propulsado por dos motores turboventiladores AL-41F1 con una potencia de 137,3 Kn en vez de los 122.6 Kn del actual AL-31F. El motor actualizado comenzó las pruebas en vuelo en el avión de caza experimental Su-27M ''710'' en marzo de 2004. El objetivo principal de los diseñadores es cómo incrementar la vida de servicio de los motores diseñada a un valor planeado de 4.000 horas (en comparación a las 1.500 horas actuales para el motor AL-31F).
El Su-35 debe tener un peso de despegue nominal de 25.300 kg y un peso de despegue máximo de 34.00kg; la carga de guerra máxima es de 8.000 kg. El avión puede alcanzar 1.400km/h cerca del nivel del suelo o Mach 2.25 a gran altitud. El alcance máximo llega a 1.580 km a baja altitud, 3.600 km a gran altitud o 4.500 km con dos estanques auxiliares externos.
El amplio rango de opciones de armamento incluye 12 misiles aire-aire RVV-AE de alcance medio, cinco misiles aire-aire K-100 de gran alcance (KS-172S-1), seis misiles aire-superficie Kh-31A/P, cinco misiles antibarco Kh-59MK, tres misiles antibarco 3m54A Biryuza o un misil pesado antibuque 3M55A Onyx/Yakhont. La especificación incluye también a bombas guiadas de 250, 500 y 1500 kg incluyendo las nuevas LGB-250, KAB-500S y KAB-1500LG.
Sukhoi toma parte en los shows aéreos Fidae desde 1994. En la exhibición de este año, Sukhoi se presenta como una compañía de amplio perfil de producción. Exceptuando al modelo de caza multirol Su-35, Sukhoi exhibe también un modelo del avión de carga y pasajeros Su-80, capaz de transportar 30 pasajeros o 3.300 kilos de carga a 1.400 km. Su prototipo está en pruebas desde el 2001. A fines de mes, el primer avión de preserie comenzará sus pruebas en la factoría Sukhoi-KnAAPO de Komsomolsk on Amur, dijo Igor Chernikov, director del programa de Sukhoi. Tres aviones están ahora en producción y la próxima serie de ocho ha sido lanzada, añadió. La certificación del Su-80 está prevista para el primer cuatrimestre del 2008. Los primeros aviones de producción serán entregados a la guardia de fronteras rusa muestra los próximos volarán con Polar Airlines basada en Yakutsk, Rusia.
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In English:
FIDAE NEWS 2006. - the official representative of holding Sukhoi said to FIDAE NEWS that Venezuela has expressed interest in acquiring the most modern Russian airplanes battle. The conversations are progressing to acquire a game of the new advanced huntings Su-35. This airship is the advanced military product more of that company. The work in new denominated Su-35 T10BM (Bolshaya Modernizatsiya or Gran Modernization) within the design office, began in 2004. It is anticipated that the prototype flies before the 2006 end, and from the 2009 hunting will be available in the market. Su-35 it is considered to fill the emptiness before beginning the production of the hunting of new generation of Sukhoi T-50 (PAK FA) near the 2015. The structural configuration of Su-35 is almost the same one of the series of Su-27, particularly, the new airplane does not have canards, which were the trade name of the more recent Sukhoi huntings, including also the previous prototypes of Su-35 (Su-27M). The aerodynamic propertieses have been updated; the control surfaces are smaller than those of Su-27. to increase the life on watch of the structure of the fuselage, many elements constructed in aluminum will be replaced by others of titanium. The alternative ones nail introduced in Su-35 include the new N035 radar Iris and the motors of increased push AL-41F1. The radar N035 Irbis (Irbis-E for export airplanes), developed by the institute Tikhomirov NIIP for Su-35 is the continuation of the Bars radar of Su-30MKI and, like his predecessor, it has antenna of I scan electronically passive (WEIGHT). According to the NIIP, the radar WEIGHT '''' clásicó (for this company) is still far from being obsolete and is as good as the first radars with active antenna (AESA). The advantages of the Irbis on the Bars include a ampler reach of operational frequencies, greater angle of zone search (due to the best antenna and conduction of two steps), reaches greater and better resistance to interferences (jamming, thanks to a more powerful transmitter), as well as greater resolution, as much in the detection of aerial targets or surface. The Irbis-E radar is able of traquear-while-scans up to 30 targets, eight of which they can be almost continuously traqueados with sufficient exactitude for simultaneous enlistments by eight missiles air-air (AAMs) with active radar of midrange (RVV-AE) or by four AAMs of long reach with active radar (K-100). The Irbis-E is able to hook simultaneously up to four targets of surface. In the way of combined-arms operation, the radar is able to look for simultaneously in the airspace and the terrestrial surface including the enlistment of an only aerial target with sufficient exactitude to use a missile of active radar. Thanks to the power peak of 20Kw, the Irbis-E radar vee the aerial target of a section of three square meters from one distances nonsmaller 350-400Km not less On guard frontal or than 150 km On guard of tail (to great altitude). Targets '''' furtivos'''' (with section of radar of 0,01 m2) are detected from a distance of 90km. The prototype of the Iris radar began aerial tests the 24 of June of the 2005 in the experimental fighter Su-30Mk2. The tests confirmed the reach search of the project as well as the possibility of the simultaneous work with nine targets, two real and seven imitation ones. The radar worked simultaneously in air-air and air-to-surface ways. Su-35 Kn instead of the 122,6 will be driven by two motor turbofans AL-41F1 with a power of 137.3 Kn of the present AL-31F. The updated motor began the flight testings in the experimental fighter Su-27M '''' 710 '''' in March of 2004. The primary target of the designers is how to increase the life on watch of the motors designed to a planned value of 4,000 hours (in comparison to the 1,500 present hours for motor AL-31F). Su-35 it must have a weight of nominal takeoff of 25,300 kg and a weight of maximum takeoff of 34.00kg; the load military Maxima is of 8,000 kg. The airplane can reach 1.400km/h near the level of the ground or Mach 2,25 to great altitude. The maximum range arrives at 1,580 km to low altitude, 3,600 km to great altitude or 4,500 km with two external auxiliary pools. The ample rank of armament options includes 12 missiles air-air RVV-AE of midrange, five missiles air-air long-range K-100 (KS-172S-1), six air-to-surface missiles Kh-31A/P, five missiles antiboat Kh-59MK, three missiles antiboat 3m5Â Biryuza or a heavy missile antiship 3M5" Onyx/Yakhont. The specification also includes guided pumps of 250, 500 and 1500 kg including the new LGB-250, KAB-500S and KAB-1500LG. Sukhoi takes part in shows aerial Fidae from 1994. In the exhibition of this year, Sukhoi appears like a company of ample profile of production. Excepting to the hunting model multirol Su-35, Sukhoi also exhibits a model of the transport airplane and Su-80 passengers, able to transport 30 passengers or 3,300 kilos of load to 1,400 km. Its prototype is in tests from the 2001. By the end of month, the first airplane of preliminary series will begin its tests in the factory Sukhoi-KnAAPO de Komsomolsk on Amur, said Igor Chernikov, director of the program of Sukhoi. Three airplanes are now in production and the next series of eight has been sent, added. The certification of Su-80 is predicted for the first fourth month period of the 2008. The first airplanes of production will be given to the Russian guard of borders shows the next ones will fly with Airlines Polestar based on Yakutsk, Russia. Nonvisible accountant in the navigator who you use.

Được gulfoil sửa chữa / chuyển vào 18:51 ngày 11/09/2006

Ra đa AESA của Nga sẽ dùng cho máy bay thế hệ 5 của Nga-Ai cũng biết là Nga có 2 dự án về máy bay thế hệ 5 của hãng Sukhoi và Mig nếu kể thêm hãng Yakolev thì là có 3 dự án .nhưng nga chỉ làm 2 loại máy bay thế hệ 5-một loại chiến đấu cơ loại nặng theo dự án của hãng Shukhoi và một phản lực cơ loại nhẹ theo dự án của hãng Mig.Loại máy bay thế hệ năm của Nga sẽ ra mắt thiên hạ vào năm 2007 và có thể đến năm 2009 tùy theo nhu cầu của khách hàng.Sau đây là loại máy bay thế hệ năm của Sukhoi -một loại cho không quân,loại hai cho bộ binh và loại cho 3 cho hải quân

Chiến đấu cơ thế hệ 5 của Nga, dự án của MiG hình như là MiG 1-42 :

Còn của Sukhoi thì tưởng là một dự án đang thử nghiệm cho 5th generation arcraft từ năm 2002 là Sukhoi S-37 Berkut (SU-47):

Cả hai đều đạt max speed khoảng 2.500km/h tương đương F-22.

Có nhiều tin về máy bay thế hệ 5 của Nga . Trước áp lực của F-35 và F-22 cũng như TF của châu âu , sớm muộn Nga phải chọn một dự án nào đó cho kịp với thời đại . Trước đây chính phủ Nga từng chọn Sukhoi phát triễn máy bay thế hệ thứ 5 với chiếc PAK-FA Sukhoi T-50 theo http://warfare.ru máy bay bay thử sẽ cất cánh năm 2006 nhưng đến hôm nay vẫn chưa thấy có lẽ phải chờ thêm nữa . Có nhiều khó khăn đưa ra cho phát triễn . ví dụ như động cơ , theo yêu cầu thì trọng lượng tịnh của T-50 là 20 tấn ( F-22 là 24 tấn và F-35 là 17,2 tấn ) thế nhưng động cơ AL-41F và động cơ AL-31F của Nga đều là những động cơ rất nặng nó sẽ làm cho trọng lượng máy bay vượt xa yêu cầu . ( AL-41F đã phát triễn được trên 30% ) . Cuối cùng vẫn là vấn đề tiền đầu tư là vấn đề nan giải nhất . Hy vọng cuối cùng Nga cũng sẽ tham gia vào câu lạc bộ máy bay thế hệ thứ 5 .
The prices and sources of funding will determine the destiny of the whole program. To date officials agree that the program will cost $1.5 billion. However, $1.5 billion is the sum needed for creating a new generation of avionics for the fighter (considering the fact that pre-production models of the phased array have already been produced, and will soon be tested). Completion of the AL-41F engine (present readiness is 30 percent) will require, in the opinion of the boss of Rosaviakosmos, 600 - 800 million dollars. Saturn said that launching of production of the AL-41F engine would take $150 million. An improved version of the AL-31F will be used on the aircraft originally (though it is not clear how these heavy motors are reconciled with the concept of a 20-ton fighter). The upgrade of these engines will require expen***ures of 1.2-1.5 billion dollars. And finally, designers will have to spend several hundred millions of dollars on creating a new airframe.
http://warfare.ru/?lang=&linkid=2280&catid=255

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Đây là loại máy bay thế hệ 5 loại nhẹ của Nga theo mô hình của hãng Mig, hãng Sukhoi cũng đưa ra mô hình máy bay loại nhẹ nhưng chắc phải tập trung vào loại T-50 ngoài ra Mig và Su còn có dự án máy bay tiêm kích đánh chặn tương lai ( PMP) nghe đâu trung quốc muốn lấy loại Mig- 1.42 để làm nền cho máy bay tràng hình của mình nhưng có vẻ muốn đón đầu thời đậi nên dáng hình như lại giống PMP của Nga.Sau đây là ảnh Mig-tàng hình loại nhẹ



Được gulfoil sửa chữa / chuyển vào 10:44 ngày 18/09/2006

Cứ tính số lập trình viên đi viết thuê cho nước ngoài thì Ấn cao tay hơn Nga thật ... ngoài điểm này ra Ấn còn gì cao hơn Nga về CNTH không????
Các ngôn ngữ C++, Java, Visual Basic, Delphi .... được dùng viết chương trình cho Radar, nếu dúng thế chắc Ấn cao tay hơn Nga thật .
Được Masan_1 sửa chữa / chuyển vào 15:20 ngày 18/09/2006