Hỏi về quân đội Nhật trong thế chiến II

Trang này thử xem :
In August 1945, the Japanese situation was desperate. The major cities were devastated by atomic or conventional attack, and the casualties numbered in the millions. Millions more were refugees, and the average daily calorie consumption was below 1200. The fleet was lost, and the merchant shipping could not leave home waters or sail from the few possessions still held. Oil stocks were gone, rubber and steel were in short supply, and the Soviets were moving against the only sizable forces the Japanese had left, the Kwantung Army in Manchuria. They were a starving and undersupplied force. Many divisions had transferred to the Pacific, where they died in the island battles.
Clearly the time *****rrender had come. Incredibly, many in the military wanted to fight on, preferring death to capitulation. The cabinet, made up of elder statesmen, tried to send out peace feelers through neutral Sweden, Soviet Union, and Switzerland as early as June 1945. The only con***ion was the continued existence of the of Imperial Throne. Unwilling or unclear of the Japanese offer, the Allies refused and issued the Potsdam Declaration on July 26th.
The Emperor was sympathetic to the peacemakers. The Army members of the cabinet were not willing to give up, and Prime Minister Suzuki had to move carefully. If there was a perceived weakness in the cabinet, even the Emperor might be assassinated. The idea that the Emperor would support surrender was inconceivable to many in both the Army and the Navy. Suzuki cautiously sought out others on the cabinet, finding all but two generals in support. On July 28, the government issued a carefully worded response to the Potsdam Declaration, which unfortunately used a word with a double meaning. English-language broadcasts used the word "ignore" and the Western press picked up that sentiment. Truman announced he had rejected the peace offer and dropped the atomic bombs.
The Emperor ordered a surrender document be sent accepting the Potsdam declaration. Through Swiss channels, it was sent to the United States, but it added that the Emperor must be left on the Imperial Throne. The Allies replied that the Emperor would be subject to the Allied Occupation Commander. While the cabinet debated, the Emperor secretly recorded a surrender broadcast. Imperial Guardsmen searched government offices in vain to seize the record. On August 14, the record was broadcast. Using formal Japanese, the public was unsure if the Emperor was surrendering or exhorting his subjects to continued resistance. The announcer assured the Japanese public that the war was over. An abortive attempt that night by Army and Navy right-wing officers to take the Emperor hostage and continue the war was stopped.
Truman accepted the surrender, and announced that the war was over on August 15th. Wild celebrations occurred in every Allied capital and most cities. US Army General Douglas C. MacArthur arrived at Atsugi Airfield that day. His staff, lightly armed with pistols, wondered if they would meet a firing squad. As they arrived, thousands of Japanese civilians surrounded the plane and gave him a warm welcome. The occupation of Japan was about to begin.
On September 2nd, 1945, a huge force of Allied ships gathered in Tokyo Bay. Aboard the battleship USS Missouri, the Japanese signed the formal surrender document, watched by thousands of Allied representatives and the crew. MacArthur presided over the signing, accompanied by his former subordinate General Wainwright, who had been a POW since 1942.
The Japanese Imperial Forces began surrendering in massed formations over the next six weeks. By October 7, 1945, when 1,000,000 Japanese Army soldiers were surrendered in Peking, many Japanese soldiers were being sent home. The Soviet POWs would wait years to return to Japan.
http://www.worldwar2database.com/html/japansurrender.htm

Văn kiện đầu hàng :
| the | Signed: H I R O H I T O
| Empire |
!!


Countersigned: Yoshijiro Umezu
Chief of the General
Staff of the Imperial
Japanese Army

Soemu Toyoda
Chief of the General
Staff of the Imperial
Japanese Army
---------------------------------------
I N S T R U M E N T O F S U R R E N D E R


We, acting by command of and in behalf of the Emperor of
Japan, the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial General
Headquarters, hereby accept the provisions set forth in the
declaration issued by the heads of the Governments of the United
States, China, and Great Britain on 26 July 1945 at Potsdam, and
subsequently adhered to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Repub-
lics, which four powers are hereafter referred to as the Allied
Powers.

We hereby proclaim the uncon***ional surrender to the Allied
Powers of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and of all
Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under the Japanese
control wherever situated.

We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated and
the Japanese people to cease hostilites forthwith, to preserve
and save from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil
property and to comply with all requirements which my be imposed
by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by agencies of
the Japanese Government at his direction.

We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Headquarters to issue
at once orders to the Commanders of all Japanese forces and all
forces under Japanese control wherever situated *****rrender un-
con***ionally themselves and all forces under their control.

We hereby command all civil, military and naval officials to
obey and enforce all proclamations, and orders and directives deemed
by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to be proper to ef-
fectuate this surrender and issued by him or under his authority
and we direct all such officials to remain at their posts and to
continue to perform their non-combatant duties unless specifically
relieved by him or under his authority.

We hereby undertake for the Emperor, the Japanese Government
and their successors to carry out the provisions of the Potsdam
Declaration in good faith, and to issue whatever orders and take
whatever actions may be required by the Supreme Commander for the
Allied Poers or by any other designated representative of the
Allied Powers for the purpose of giving effect to that Declaration.

We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Government and the
Japanese Imperial General Headquarters at once to liberate all
allied prisoners of war and civilian internees now under Japanese
control and to provide for their protection, care, maintenance and
immediate transportation to places as directed.

The authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government to
rule the state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander for the
Allied Powers who will take such steps as he deems proper to ef-
fectuate these terms of surrender.

Signed at TOKYO BAY, JAPAN at 0904 I
on the SECOND day of SEPTEMBER, 1945
http://www.historyguy.com/japanese_surrender_doc.htm
http://www.law.ou.edu/hist/japsurr.html
Được VietKeDocLap sửa chữa / chuyển vào 07:59 ngày 30/08/2005

Truyền đơn Mỹ kêu gọi dân Nhật rời bỏ thành phố vì Mỹ chuẩn bị ném bom rải thảm huỷ diệt toàn bộ các thành phố lớn của Nhật

truyền đơn rải từ máy bay Mỹ kêu gọi dân chúng Nhật nổi dậy . họ cho biết quân đội Nhật đã thua tất cả các trận chính không như lời tuyên truyền là đã thắng ......

Isezaki Sau cơn Mưa Bom :

Cũng tại vị trí này ngày nay :

Motomachi Sau cơn Mưa Bom :

Tại ví trí đó ngày nay :

Sakuragi sau cơn Mưa bom :

Và ngày nay :

Kawasaki :

và ngay hôm nay :

Viện bảo tàng A-bomb Hiroshima :
http://www.nvccom.co.jp/abomb/indexe.html

Vua o Hiroshima xong. Co den tham quan Cong vien Hoa binh. Tai do co trong mot hang cot ghi chu `Hoa binh` bang tat ca cac thu tieng. Co ca tieng Viet. Se up len cho ba con xem.