Kiến Trúc Bệnh Viện - Khu khám Đa Khoa...

Kiến Trúc Bệnh Viện - Khu khám Đa Khoa...

Các bạn,
Chủ đề này để thảo luận chuyên sâu về thiết kế bệnh viện và các công trình y tế. Mời các bác có kinh nghiệm cho ý kiến để các anh em học hỏi. Tôi sẽ từ từ viết sau nhé vì kinh nghiệm không nhiều lắm.
Thân,

Tôi bắt đầu với những điểm cần nhớ khi thiết kế bệnh viện, mạn phép đăng bằng tiếng Anh nhé...
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1. Allow for growth

Design your hospital with expansion in mind. By standardizing room size and/or thinking ahead you can make the transition to higher numbers of patients.
Your initial hospital will be quite small, one or two GP''s offices, one or two diagnosis rooms, a pharmacy or two, one or two cure rooms and a waiting area. If these start in a small cluster in a single plot of land you will have an efficient but small hospital.
As your finances grow you can move some diagnosis rooms and cure rooms out to other plots of land, the gaps they leave empty in the early design can easily become a GP''s surgery, toilet, or part of an expanding waiting area.

2. Separate patients by diagnosis
A larger hospital requires an overall strategy right from the start. As you gain experience in hospital design you should be able to see what the final hospital will look like and take steps to build towards it.
Good hospital design is based around the distinct steps that patients follow:

Initial consultation
Ad***ional diagnosis followed by a further consultation
Cure
Perhaps the best strategy is to separate patients out as quickly as possible. The initial consult area should really only be used once by a patient. Consisting of 2-5 GP''s offices (depending on the size of the level) it should also have quite a large waiting area. Each of the offices should have the door about the same distance from the centre of the waiting area, patients will not then prefer the nearest office over others. Place your best doctors in this area to keep consult times short and reduce the burden on diagnosis rooms.
By buying plots of land and putting several diagnosis rooms in them you pull patients out of the initial consultation area. Placing another GP''s office in this same plot keeps patients from returning to the initial consult area. Don''t forget to place another waiting area (and toilets!) around this set of rooms as well. You don''t have to put all diagnosis rooms in the same area, this can be used to further split up patients.
Placing your cure rooms in another plot of land keeps the fully diagnosed patients out of the way. Once cured, patients don''t care how far they walk to get out of your hospital, so it makes sense to place cure rooms far away from your entrance.
The main weakness to this is the handling of emergencies, though multiple cure rooms can make up for this in the later stages of a level. Perhaps the best compromise is to build your cure rooms in the middle of the hospital, and your diagnosis rooms in the furthest plots of land. This works particularly well with your best doctors in the first GP office the patient visits.

3. Surgical plot

A plot of land dedicated *****rgery usually works well. Space for one (or two) surgical theatres, a ward, and a waiting area is usually quite stable. If this is your only ward then a nearby GP''s office to handle diagnosed patients might also be useful, you can rely on PA announcements to find out when it needs to be used.
4. Pharmacy cures
More than one pharmacy placed near the hospital entrance (or emergency helipad) will help you deal with potion cures and most emergencies.
5. Turn off rooms
When you have few patients in the hospital, turn off some your duplicate rooms by setting the queue size to zero. This will force patients to use one room until the queue is too large; patients will then automatically queue for the second room. You reduce the number of doctors/nurses running between rooms and get notification (via the PA announcement) that you have a queue building up.
Works particularly well with rooms run by nurses, and you get an opportunity to rest some weary staff.
6. Diagnosis control

Not all of the diagnosis rooms need to be built. Later levels give you a large selection of rooms to build, but if the right room is not available then the doctor will send the patient to the best alternative.
Core diagnosis rooms are: scanner, X-ray, psychiatry, ward and general diagnosis. The rest are used less frequently, or take too long to operate.
By building the ad***ional types of diagnosis rooms you can reduce the load on the core types. Ad***ional doctors are usually required to carry the burden of the extra number and type of rooms. Minimize the number of diagnosis rooms by using the consultant GP strategy above, and a general diagnosis room will cover most diseases.
7. Balance cure and diagnosis rooms
Getting the balance between building new diagnosis or cure rooms is crucial. Too few diagnosis rooms and you can''t identify diseases to get patients cured. It is suggested that the first new room researched that you build is a diagnostic room. At least you will get the money from the extra diagnosis charge, even if you can''t give a cure.
8. Choice, choice, choice
You may gain some benefit by building ''island'' rooms that have corridors around them on all sides. Patients then have a choice on the shortest path to their target, and if the path is too long then you don''t get the money off of them so quickly.
Particularly useful when you have a smaller hospital to manage, or in the first year or two of a later level.
9. Arterial flow
Try and keep your main corridors three squares wide. This will help the flow of patients and staff in both directions. There should only be one row of chairs in a main corridor, try and build waiting areas in dead ends so that patients don''t need to walk through them to get to other rooms in the hospital.
10. Epidemic control
It appears that the best way to reduce the number of epidemics you have is to make sure queuing patients are kept away from patients walking past them.
Try building a waiting area in a dead end. If you can''t do that then place benches to make a U shape around the room entrance - only patients wanting to enter/leave the room will walk past those sitting in the queue