Lịch sử, Văn hoá Việt nam và ...

thcat
Một bài viết tuyệt cú mèo,vậy là chắc chắn ko phải bác cuoihaymeo hạ sát con mèo ốm đói này khi nó đang đi đưa đám chú muthafuka bên sân "thằng nào ..." rồi. Góp với timothy 1 cái 5 sao nữa.
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Bác bị hạ sát hụt à, hơ hơ, may nhỉ ...
Tôi bắn ai là bắn công khai, có đầy đủ nhân chứng vật chứng, nêu rõ tội danh zồi mới hành quyết. Bác cứ yên tâm, súng cuoihaymeu tôi dùng là 12 ly 7 không lắp giảm thanh, bóp cò là biết ngay. Dẫu sao cũng mừng bác tai qua nạn khỏi.
Bác Mùapha nghe đâu được cấp cứu kịp thời nên vẫn sống nhăn cơ mà?? Sao lại chết tiếp à ? hơ hơ...
Được sửa chữa bởi - cuoihaymeu vào 08/10/2001 00:37
ATC

thcat
Một bài viết tuyệt cú mèo,vậy là chắc chắn ko phải bác cuoihaymeo hạ sát con mèo ốm đói này khi nó đang đi đưa đám chú muthafuka bên sân "thằng nào ..." rồi. Góp với timothy 1 cái 5 sao nữa.
-------------------------------
Bác bị hạ sát hụt à, hơ hơ, may nhỉ ...
Tôi bắn ai là bắn công khai, có đầy đủ nhân chứng vật chứng, nêu rõ tội danh zồi mới hành quyết. Bác cứ yên tâm, súng cuoihaymeu tôi dùng là 12 ly 7 không lắp giảm thanh, bóp cò là biết ngay. Dẫu sao cũng mừng bác tai qua nạn khỏi.
Bác Mùapha nghe đâu được cấp cứu kịp thời nên vẫn sống nhăn cơ mà?? Sao lại chết tiếp à ? hơ hơ...
Được sửa chữa bởi - cuoihaymeu vào 08/10/2001 00:37
ATC

4000cc
Chào mọi người,
Lâu lâu tớ mới vào đây, chắc chắn là chẳng thể theo dõi kịp mọi người. Thôi thì tới đâu hay tới đấy. Tớ xin đóng góp một số thông tin sau (From countrywatch.com, nếu muốn biết thêm chi tiết rỏ hơn thì phải register và nộp $40.00 lệ phí cho một bản Overview của tất cả .. Politic, Economic, Environment, ...). Không thì email cho tớ, tớ sẽ send cho một bản. Với những gì các bạn viết, so với tài liệu phía dưới có một số thông tin không khớp (GDP per capita, population..), số liệu nào là đúng thì chúng ta không thể và cũng chẳng có đủ quyền để phán xét. Tớ post lên đây với một suy nghĩ cũng là để các bạn quan tâm có thêm một cái nhìn và một nguồn số liệu nữa vậy. Hy vọng nó sẽ hữu ích!
______________
Vietnam Economy
Overview:
Once war-torn and ruled by a rigid central government, Vietnam has made substantial progress over the past 10 years in moving from a planned economy to a market economy, shoring up foreign investment and maintaining consistent growth. However, the ?oAsian Crisis? marked an economic downturn that drastically reduced foreign direct investment (FDI), GDP growth, and temporarily slashed exports. The government is slowly introducing structural reforms in order to invigorate the economy and foster competitive, export-driven growth. Privatization of state owned enterprises (SOEs) is hindered by political red tape and strife, while the private sector is suffering from a weak banking sector and protectionist SOE policies. Bank reforms are slowly progressing, causing worries that the country will be unable to take advantage of domestic savings to perpetuate current growth. Vietnam is taking steps to open its economy and enable outsiders to invest in the country. There have been several initiatives taken to move in this direction. During the year 2000, the foreign trading rights were liberalized, quantitative restrictions were removed on eight of the 19 products subject *****ch restrictions and a bilateral trade agreement was signed in July 2000.
Economic Performance:
After sustained growth averaging nine percent from 1992-1997, the ?oAsian Crisis? caused growth in 1998 to slow to about four percent, for a GDP of US$112 billion. Foreign direct investment decreased by two-thirds and inflation increased from 3.5 percent to nine percent. In 1999, real GDP grew slightly, hovering over four percent growth. This growth was due to increases in the agricultural sector by five percent, but was hampered by continuing downward slides in the industry and service sectors. Manufacturing growth also fell, and construction posted a contraction in 1999. Vietnam achieved growth of more than six percent in the first six months of this year due to a boom in exports caused by a recovery in regional markets.
The economy during 2000 recovered, with a real GDP growth rate of 5.5 percent as compared to 4.5 percent in 1999. The recent policy initiatives aimed at addressing the structural weaknesses and strengthening competitiveness was one of the reasons for increased imports and investment that boosted the growth rates. The inflation levels were low as a result of excess capacity in the economy. The budget deficit widened to two percent of the GDP.
Overall, the pace of the key structural reforms picked up during 2000. A number of business licensing requirements were removed under the New Enterprise Law, easing entry into affected business sectors. The foreign investment law was revised to improve the climate and incentives for foreign investors. According to the IMF, the macroeconomic performance is expected to remain sound in 2001, despite a likely moderation of GDP growth to five percent, reflecting weaker external demand. Inflation is expected to increase.
Balance of Payments:
During 1998, the ?oAsian Crisis? caused export growth to plummet to only two percent, down from 25 percent in recent years. This fall was caused by the collapse of regional markets, which account for two-thirds of Vietnam?Ts total exports. This decrease in exports was coupled by a one percent decrease in imports, and led to a current account balance deficit of US$1.3 billion in 1998 or four percent of GDP. The exchange rate policy and regime were further eased in 2000. The dong depreciated by three percent in the last quarter of the year, in contrast to virtual stability of the exchange rate against the US dollars in the previous two years. In 2000, in spite of strong export growth, the external current account surplus ( including official transfers) narrowed and gross official reserves rose moderately to reach US$3.0 billion. The imports moved upward. According to the IMF with a moderate recovery in FDI and donors balance of payment support, gross official reserves are targeted to reach US$3.6 billion by the end of 2001.
Regional Situation:
In the context of regional economic developments, Vietnam will benefit from the initiatives it has been taking to open its economy. However a slow down in the Japanese economy could affect it negatively. (See Appendix B to Chapter III for a global economic snapshot.)
GDP World Ranking:
In terms of key economic indicators, Vietnam in 1999 had a gross domestic product (GDP) of $US 134.6 billion (in 1995 $US), a population of 77.60 million and a GDP per capita of $US 1,735. In terms of global rankings, this placed Vietnam 40 out of 191 countries in terms of GDP, 14 out of 191 countries in terms of population and 134 out of 191 countries in terms of GDP per capita.
Regional Situation:
In the context of regional economic developments, Vietnam will not be helped by the current situation in the Asia-Pacific region where economic activity is faltering as indicated by falling stock markets and significant devaluations in a number of countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, South Korea, and Thailand as well as the slow economic growth and building problems in Japan.
Vietnam
Macroeconomic Activity
Real GDP Per Capita
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Real GDP
(Millions of 1995$US)
110,682
119,703
129,459
133,990
141,359
Total Population
(Millions-Mid Year Average)
74.070
75.244
76.423
77.601
78.734
Real GDP Per Capita
(1995$US Per Capita)
1,494
1,591
1,694
1,727
Global Ranking
Gross Domestic Product
(Millions of 1995$)
Population
(Millions)
GDP Per Capita
(1995$)
Country
Rank
2000
GDP
Rank
2000
Population
Rank
2000 GDP
Per Capita
Vietnam
40
141,359
14
78.734
135
1,795
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sources:
US CIA World Factbook, IMF World Outlook,
US Census Bureau International Data Base,
UN Statistical Yearbook, CountryWatch.com Calculation
ATC

4000cc
Chào mọi người,
Lâu lâu tớ mới vào đây, chắc chắn là chẳng thể theo dõi kịp mọi người. Thôi thì tới đâu hay tới đấy. Tớ xin đóng góp một số thông tin sau (From countrywatch.com, nếu muốn biết thêm chi tiết rỏ hơn thì phải register và nộp $40.00 lệ phí cho một bản Overview của tất cả .. Politic, Economic, Environment, ...). Không thì email cho tớ, tớ sẽ send cho một bản. Với những gì các bạn viết, so với tài liệu phía dưới có một số thông tin không khớp (GDP per capita, population..), số liệu nào là đúng thì chúng ta không thể và cũng chẳng có đủ quyền để phán xét. Tớ post lên đây với một suy nghĩ cũng là để các bạn quan tâm có thêm một cái nhìn và một nguồn số liệu nữa vậy. Hy vọng nó sẽ hữu ích!
______________
Vietnam Economy
Overview:
Once war-torn and ruled by a rigid central government, Vietnam has made substantial progress over the past 10 years in moving from a planned economy to a market economy, shoring up foreign investment and maintaining consistent growth. However, the ??oAsian Crisis??? marked an economic downturn that drastically reduced foreign direct investment (FDI), GDP growth, and temporarily slashed exports. The government is slowly introducing structural reforms in order to invigorate the economy and foster competitive, export-driven growth. Privatization of state owned enterprises (SOEs) is hindered by political red tape and strife, while the private sector is suffering from a weak banking sector and protectionist SOE policies. Bank reforms are slowly progressing, causing worries that the country will be unable to take advantage of domestic savings to perpetuate current growth. Vietnam is taking steps to open its economy and enable outsiders to invest in the country. There have been several initiatives taken to move in this direction. During the year 2000, the foreign trading rights were liberalized, quantitative restrictions were removed on eight of the 19 products subject *****ch restrictions and a bilateral trade agreement was signed in July 2000.
Economic Performance:
After sustained growth averaging nine percent from 1992-1997, the ??oAsian Crisis??? caused growth in 1998 to slow to about four percent, for a GDP of US$112 billion. Foreign direct investment decreased by two-thirds and inflation increased from 3.5 percent to nine percent. In 1999, real GDP grew slightly, hovering over four percent growth. This growth was due to increases in the agricultural sector by five percent, but was hampered by continuing downward slides in the industry and service sectors. Manufacturing growth also fell, and construction posted a contraction in 1999. Vietnam achieved growth of more than six percent in the first six months of this year due to a boom in exports caused by a recovery in regional markets.
The economy during 2000 recovered, with a real GDP growth rate of 5.5 percent as compared to 4.5 percent in 1999. The recent policy initiatives aimed at addressing the structural weaknesses and strengthening competitiveness was one of the reasons for increased imports and investment that boosted the growth rates. The inflation levels were low as a result of excess capacity in the economy. The budget deficit widened to two percent of the GDP.
Overall, the pace of the key structural reforms picked up during 2000. A number of business licensing requirements were removed under the New Enterprise Law, easing entry into affected business sectors. The foreign investment law was revised to improve the climate and incentives for foreign investors. According to the IMF, the macroeconomic performance is expected to remain sound in 2001, despite a likely moderation of GDP growth to five percent, reflecting weaker external demand. Inflation is expected to increase.
Balance of Payments:
During 1998, the ??oAsian Crisis??? caused export growth to plummet to only two percent, down from 25 percent in recent years. This fall was caused by the collapse of regional markets, which account for two-thirds of Vietnam??Ts total exports. This decrease in exports was coupled by a one percent decrease in imports, and led to a current account balance deficit of US$1.3 billion in 1998 or four percent of GDP. The exchange rate policy and regime were further eased in 2000. The dong depreciated by three percent in the last quarter of the year, in contrast to virtual stability of the exchange rate against the US dollars in the previous two years. In 2000, in spite of strong export growth, the external current account surplus ( including official transfers) narrowed and gross official reserves rose moderately to reach US$3.0 billion. The imports moved upward. According to the IMF with a moderate recovery in FDI and donors balance of payment support, gross official reserves are targeted to reach US$3.6 billion by the end of 2001.
Regional Situation:
In the context of regional economic developments, Vietnam will benefit from the initiatives it has been taking to open its economy. However a slow down in the Japanese economy could affect it negatively. (See Appendix B to Chapter III for a global economic snapshot.)
GDP World Ranking:
In terms of key economic indicators, Vietnam in 1999 had a gross domestic product (GDP) of $US 134.6 billion (in 1995 $US), a population of 77.60 million and a GDP per capita of $US 1,735. In terms of global rankings, this placed Vietnam 40 out of 191 countries in terms of GDP, 14 out of 191 countries in terms of population and 134 out of 191 countries in terms of GDP per capita.
Regional Situation:
In the context of regional economic developments, Vietnam will not be helped by the current situation in the Asia-Pacific region where economic activity is faltering as indicated by falling stock markets and significant devaluations in a number of countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, South Korea, and Thailand as well as the slow economic growth and building problems in Japan.
Vietnam
Macroeconomic Activity
Real GDP Per Capita
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Real GDP
(Millions of 1995$US)
110,682
119,703
129,459
133,990
141,359
Total Population
(Millions-Mid Year Average)
74.070
75.244
76.423
77.601
78.734
Real GDP Per Capita
(1995$US Per Capita)
1,494
1,591
1,694
1,727
Global Ranking
Gross Domestic Product
(Millions of 1995$)
Population
(Millions)
GDP Per Capita
(1995$)
Country
Rank
2000
GDP
Rank
2000
Population
Rank
2000 GDP
Per Capita
Vietnam
40
141,359
14
78.734
135
1,795
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sources:
US CIA World Factbook, IMF World Outlook,
US Census Bureau International Data Base,
UN Statistical Yearbook, CountryWatch.com Calculation
ATC

Timothy
Toi goi cho cac ban free khong phai ton 40 USD . Cac ban can information ma toi co the giup duoc xin cu len tieng .
http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html
Vietnam Economy Top of Page
Economy - overview: Vietnam is a poor, densely populated country that has had to recover from the ravages of war, the loss of financial support from the old Soviet Bloc, and the rigi***ies of a centrally planned economy. Substantial progress was achieved from 1986 to 1996 in moving forward from an extremely low starting point - growth averaged around 9% per year from 1993 to 1997. The 1997 Asian financial crisis highlighted the problems existing in the Vietnamese economy but, rather than prompting reform, reaffirmed the government's belief that shifting to a market oriented economy leads to disaster. GDP growth of 8.5% in 1997 fell to 6% in 1998 and 5% in 1999. Growth continued at the moderately strong level of 5.5%, a level that should be matched in 2001. These numbers mask some major difficulties in economic performance. Many domestic industries, including coal, cement, steel, and paper, have reported large stockpiles of inventory and tough competition from more efficient foreign producers; this problem apparently eased in 2000. Foreign direct investment fell dramatically, from $8.3 billion in 1996 to about $1.6 billion in 1999. Meanwhile, Vietnamese authorities have moved slowly in implementing the structural reforms needed to revitalize the economy and produce more competitive, export-driven industries.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $154.4 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 5.5% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,950 (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 25%
industry: 35%
services: 40% (1999 est.)
Population below poverty line: 37% (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.5%
highest 10%: 29% (1993)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): -0.6% (2000 est.)
Labor force: 38.2 million (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 67%, industry and services 33% (1997 est.)
Unemployment rate: 25% (1995 est.)
Budget: revenues: $5.3 billion
expen***ures: $5.6 billion, including capital expen***ures of $1.8 billion (1999 est.)
Industries: food processing, garments, shoes, machine building, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, coal, steel, paper
Industrial production growth rate: 10.7% (2000 est.)
Electricity - production: 22.985 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 47.71%
hydro: 52.29%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1999)
Electricity - consumption: 21.376 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (1999)
Agriculture - products: paddy rice, corn, potatoes, rubber, soybeans, coffee, tea, bananas, sugar; poultry, pigs; fish
Exports: $14.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commo***ies: crude oil, marine products, rice, coffee, rubber, tea, garments, shoes
Exports - partners: China, Japan, Germany, Australia, US, France, Singapore, UK, Taiwan
Imports: $15.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commo***ies: machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer, steel products, raw cotton, grain, cement, motorcycles
Imports - partners: Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, China, Thailand, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Indonesia, France, US, Sweden
Debt - external: $13.2 billion (2000)
Economic aid - recipient: $2.1 billion in cre***s and grants pledged by international donors for 2000
Currency: dong (VND)
Currency code: VND
Exchange rates: dong per US dollar - 14,530 (January 2001), 14,020 (January 2000), 13,900 (December 1998), 11,100 (December 1996), 11,193 (1995 average), 11,000 (October 1994)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Vietnam Communications Top of Page
Telephones - main lines in use: 2.6 million (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 730,155 (2000)
Telephone system: general assessment: Vietnam is putting considerable effort into modernization and expansion of its telecommunication system, but its performance continues to lag behind that of its more modern neighbors
domestic: all provincial exchanges are digitalized and connected to Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay networks; since 1991, main lines in use have been substantially increased and the use of mobile telephones is growing rapidly
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 65, FM 7, shortwave 29 (1999)
Radios: 8.2 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: at least 7 (plus 13 repeaters) (1998)
Televisions: 3.57 million (1997)
Internet country code: .vn
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 5 (2000)
Internet users: 121,000 (2000)
Vietnam Transportation Top of Page
Railways: total: 2,652 km
standard gauge: 166 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 2,249 km 1.000-m gauge
dual gauge: 237 km NA-m gauges (three rails) (1998)
Highways: total: 93,300 km
paved: 23,418 km
unpaved: 69,882 km (1996)
Waterways: 17,702 km
note: more than 5,149 km are navigable at all times by vessels up to 1.8 m draft
Pipelines: petroleum products 150 km
Ports and harbors: Cam Ranh, Da Nang, Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh City, Ha Long, Quy Nhon, Nha Trang, Vinh, Vung Tau
Merchant marine: total: 143 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 705,388 GRT/1,071,902 DWT
ships by type: bulk 8, cargo 108, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, container 2, liquefied gas 2, petroleum tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 3 (2000 est.)
Airports: 34 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 17
over 3,047 m: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
under 914 m: 2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 17
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 7
under 914 m: 8 (2000 est.)
Vietnam Military Top of Page
Military branches: People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) (includes Ground Forces, Navy, and Air Force), Coast Guard
Military manpower - military age: 17 years of age
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 21,704,588 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 13,673,438 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 961,124 (2001 est.)
Military expen***ures - dollar figure: $650 million (FY98)
Military expen***ures - percent of GDP: 2.5% (FY98)
Vietnam Transnational Issues Top of Page
Disputes - international: maritime boundary with Cambodia not defined; involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and possibly Brunei; maritime boundary agreement with China in the Gulf of Tonkin awaits ratification; Paracel Islands occupied by China but claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; portions of boundary with Cambodia are in dispute; agreement on land border with China was signed in December 1999, but details of alignment have not yet been made public
Illicit drugs: minor producer of opium poppy with 2,100 hectares cultivated in 1999, capable of producing 11 metric tons of opium; probable minor transit point for Southeast Asian heroin; opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems
http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html
Được sửa chữa bởi - Timothy vào 09/10/2001 01:11
ATC

Timothy
Toi goi cho cac ban free khong phai ton 40 USD . Cac ban can information ma toi co the giup duoc xin cu len tieng .
http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html
Vietnam Economy Top of Page
Economy - overview: Vietnam is a poor, densely populated country that has had to recover from the ravages of war, the loss of financial support from the old Soviet Bloc, and the rigi***ies of a centrally planned economy. Substantial progress was achieved from 1986 to 1996 in moving forward from an extremely low starting point - growth averaged around 9% per year from 1993 to 1997. The 1997 Asian financial crisis highlighted the problems existing in the Vietnamese economy but, rather than prompting reform, reaffirmed the government's belief that shifting to a market oriented economy leads to disaster. GDP growth of 8.5% in 1997 fell to 6% in 1998 and 5% in 1999. Growth continued at the moderately strong level of 5.5%, a level that should be matched in 2001. These numbers mask some major difficulties in economic performance. Many domestic industries, including coal, cement, steel, and paper, have reported large stockpiles of inventory and tough competition from more efficient foreign producers; this problem apparently eased in 2000. Foreign direct investment fell dramatically, from $8.3 billion in 1996 to about $1.6 billion in 1999. Meanwhile, Vietnamese authorities have moved slowly in implementing the structural reforms needed to revitalize the economy and produce more competitive, export-driven industries.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $154.4 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 5.5% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,950 (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 25%
industry: 35%
services: 40% (1999 est.)
Population below poverty line: 37% (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.5%
highest 10%: 29% (1993)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): -0.6% (2000 est.)
Labor force: 38.2 million (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 67%, industry and services 33% (1997 est.)
Unemployment rate: 25% (1995 est.)
Budget: revenues: $5.3 billion
expen***ures: $5.6 billion, including capital expen***ures of $1.8 billion (1999 est.)
Industries: food processing, garments, shoes, machine building, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, coal, steel, paper
Industrial production growth rate: 10.7% (2000 est.)
Electricity - production: 22.985 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 47.71%
hydro: 52.29%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1999)
Electricity - consumption: 21.376 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (1999)
Agriculture - products: paddy rice, corn, potatoes, rubber, soybeans, coffee, tea, bananas, sugar; poultry, pigs; fish
Exports: $14.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commo***ies: crude oil, marine products, rice, coffee, rubber, tea, garments, shoes
Exports - partners: China, Japan, Germany, Australia, US, France, Singapore, UK, Taiwan
Imports: $15.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commo***ies: machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer, steel products, raw cotton, grain, cement, motorcycles
Imports - partners: Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, China, Thailand, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Indonesia, France, US, Sweden
Debt - external: $13.2 billion (2000)
Economic aid - recipient: $2.1 billion in cre***s and grants pledged by international donors for 2000
Currency: dong (VND)
Currency code: VND
Exchange rates: dong per US dollar - 14,530 (January 2001), 14,020 (January 2000), 13,900 (December 1998), 11,100 (December 1996), 11,193 (1995 average), 11,000 (October 1994)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Vietnam Communications Top of Page
Telephones - main lines in use: 2.6 million (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 730,155 (2000)
Telephone system: general assessment: Vietnam is putting considerable effort into modernization and expansion of its telecommunication system, but its performance continues to lag behind that of its more modern neighbors
domestic: all provincial exchanges are digitalized and connected to Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay networks; since 1991, main lines in use have been substantially increased and the use of mobile telephones is growing rapidly
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 65, FM 7, shortwave 29 (1999)
Radios: 8.2 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: at least 7 (plus 13 repeaters) (1998)
Televisions: 3.57 million (1997)
Internet country code: .vn
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 5 (2000)
Internet users: 121,000 (2000)
Vietnam Transportation Top of Page
Railways: total: 2,652 km
standard gauge: 166 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 2,249 km 1.000-m gauge
dual gauge: 237 km NA-m gauges (three rails) (1998)
Highways: total: 93,300 km
paved: 23,418 km
unpaved: 69,882 km (1996)
Waterways: 17,702 km
note: more than 5,149 km are navigable at all times by vessels up to 1.8 m draft
Pipelines: petroleum products 150 km
Ports and harbors: Cam Ranh, Da Nang, Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh City, Ha Long, Quy Nhon, Nha Trang, Vinh, Vung Tau
Merchant marine: total: 143 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 705,388 GRT/1,071,902 DWT
ships by type: bulk 8, cargo 108, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, container 2, liquefied gas 2, petroleum tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 3 (2000 est.)
Airports: 34 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 17
over 3,047 m: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
under 914 m: 2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 17
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 7
under 914 m: 8 (2000 est.)
Vietnam Military Top of Page
Military branches: People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) (includes Ground Forces, Navy, and Air Force), Coast Guard
Military manpower - military age: 17 years of age
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 21,704,588 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 13,673,438 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 961,124 (2001 est.)
Military expen***ures - dollar figure: $650 million (FY98)
Military expen***ures - percent of GDP: 2.5% (FY98)
Vietnam Transnational Issues Top of Page
Disputes - international: maritime boundary with Cambodia not defined; involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and possibly Brunei; maritime boundary agreement with China in the Gulf of Tonkin awaits ratification; Paracel Islands occupied by China but claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; portions of boundary with Cambodia are in dispute; agreement on land border with China was signed in December 1999, but details of alignment have not yet been made public
Illicit drugs: minor producer of opium poppy with 2,100 hectares cultivated in 1999, capable of producing 11 metric tons of opium; probable minor transit point for Southeast Asian heroin; opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems
http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html
Được sửa chữa bởi - Timothy vào 09/10/2001 01:11
ATC

Hongminh
VIET NAM, CAN CAI GI CHO NEN KINH TE VA CHUNG TA , NEXT GENERATION CAN PHAI LAM GI
Trả lời câu hỏi này sẽ không đơn giản, vì không có một cở sở (proxy) chính xác nào để so sanh. Ban khong the lấy nuoc Mỹ ra làm ví dụ, vì kinh tế Mỹ quá hoàn hảo, nếu lấy nó làm ví dụ để so sanh chắc liệt kê cả tháng. Hơn nũa đã có nhiều người chê nước Mỹ thế này thế kia, như là vấn đề nhân quyền ( chê này là của mấy nước nghèo như Việt nam , cuba , các nuoc the gioi thu ba, chu cac nuoc trong cong dong nuoc giau thi khong giam hé răng chút nào cả). O đây toi khogn muon noi ve van đề này, boi vi no rat rong.
Vay thi chung ta tu tim cho minh mot model trong tuong tuong, co cac cai tot cua cac nuoc, va tuong doi thich hop cho Vietnam trong giai doan phat trien hien nay va trong vong 10 nam toi ( vi neu chi thich hop voi giai doan hien nay thi ... vứt nó di, như Maxk noi, moi vat luon thay doi, neu ban chon cai gi thich hop cho bay gio thi theo toi , chac se bi cai tổ nhanh chong ). Trong vong muoi nam toi, cứ assume la Vietnam van tiep tục phát triển, và các nuoc khac khong phát triển hoạc rat cham . ( assumption nay duong nhu khong justified cho lam )
O day, xin duoc noi mở ngoặc là tôi cần phải xây dung một số các assumptions, neu khogn thi cai scennario cua toi khong có cơ sở ( các ban nào đã học finnance thi chắc biết)
Vậy thì trong vòng 10 năm tới, Vietnam se tro thanh mot nuoc công nghiệp mới , knowledge based economy, voi cac nghanh cong nghiệp chủ đạo như : software, với các nghành khác thì tôi không thể hình dung được , có bạn nào giúp tôi được không ?
Sau khi đã project duoc viễn cảnh của Vietnam trong thời gian tới, với time range la 10 năm, tôi thiết nghi chúng ta cần phải có một số factors sau:
- Co so vat chat tuong đoi phat trien : dien , nuoc, giao thong , lien lac, do thi quy hoach ( hy vong la đến khi đó sẽ có nhiều nhà cao tầng hơn nữa , bán vói giá rẻ , để nhung nguoi tri thuc nghèo như tôi có thể mua duoc , khong nhu bay gio , 4 trieu mot m2 tang chín thì chắc tôi sẽ tích góp từ bây giờ mới đủ mua duoc) . Nhu vay se co rat nhieu viec de phai lam doi voi co so ha tang : quy hoach, thiet ke , xay dung , cung co .. ( quy hoach truoc chu khong phai la xay dung truoc , roi dap di quy hoach lai). Nhu vay la se ton rat nhieu tien, chac phai di vay . Ma di vay la phai trả lăi . Nếu tính toán thì rate of return phải lớn hon rate of borrowing, nếu không chắc 20 năm nữa Vietnam lại giống như Argentina bây gio.
- Một hệ thông ngân hàng tương đối hoàn chỉnh, để huy động và quản lý nguồn vốn có hiệu quả. Tất nhiên là công thức cơ bản của efficiency phải là rate of return on investment lon hon cost or capital. Nếu có gì sai về thuật ngữ xin các bạn dính chính cho.
Human resource
R&D
Ôi , đến đây thì tôi thực sự là nhức đầu quá , bao nhiêu thứ chung ta cần chuẩn bị. Nếu tôi mà là nhà lãnh đạo chắc tôi cũng nhức đầu muốn bỏ việc. THôi , nghĩ làm gì nhiều, chúng ta đi làm cốc bia cho tinh, làm thêm chút massage và karaoke nua. Mọi việc từ từ tính sau , chúng ta có đi chậm chậm một chút cung duoc ma , chậm mà chắc có hơn không. Chúng ta ko tính đã có người tính hộ rồi cùng lắm là đợi đến thế hệ con cháu tính luôn một thể, đi đâu mà vội.
ATC

Hongminh
VIET NAM, CAN CAI GI CHO NEN KINH TE VA CHUNG TA , NEXT GENERATION CAN PHAI LAM GI
Trả lời câu hỏi này sẽ không đơn giản, vì không có một cở sở (proxy) chính xác nào để so sanh. Ban khong the lấy nuoc Mỹ ra làm ví dụ, vì kinh tế Mỹ quá hoàn hảo, nếu lấy nó làm ví dụ để so sanh chắc liệt kê cả tháng. Hơn nũa đã có nhiều người chê nước Mỹ thế này thế kia, như là vấn đề nhân quyền ( chê này là của mấy nước nghèo như Việt nam , cuba , các nuoc the gioi thu ba, chu cac nuoc trong cong dong nuoc giau thi khong giam hé răng chút nào cả). O đây toi khogn muon noi ve van đề này, boi vi no rat rong.
Vay thi chung ta tu tim cho minh mot model trong tuong tuong, co cac cai tot cua cac nuoc, va tuong doi thich hop cho Vietnam trong giai doan phat trien hien nay va trong vong 10 nam toi ( vi neu chi thich hop voi giai doan hien nay thi ... vứt nó di, như Maxk noi, moi vat luon thay doi, neu ban chon cai gi thich hop cho bay gio thi theo toi , chac se bi cai tổ nhanh chong ). Trong vong muoi nam toi, cứ assume la Vietnam van tiep tục phát triển, và các nuoc khac khong phát triển hoạc rat cham . ( assumption nay duong nhu khong justified cho lam )
O day, xin duoc noi mở ngoặc là tôi cần phải xây dung một số các assumptions, neu khogn thi cai scennario cua toi khong có cơ sở ( các ban nào đã học finnance thi chắc biết)
Vậy thì trong vòng 10 năm tới, Vietnam se tro thanh mot nuoc công nghiệp mới , knowledge based economy, voi cac nghanh cong nghiệp chủ đạo như : software, với các nghành khác thì tôi không thể hình dung được , có bạn nào giúp tôi được không ?
Sau khi đã project duoc viễn cảnh của Vietnam trong thời gian tới, với time range la 10 năm, tôi thiết nghi chúng ta cần phải có một số factors sau:
- Co so vat chat tuong đoi phat trien : dien , nuoc, giao thong , lien lac, do thi quy hoach ( hy vong la đến khi đó sẽ có nhiều nhà cao tầng hơn nữa , bán vói giá rẻ , để nhung nguoi tri thuc nghèo như tôi có thể mua duoc , khong nhu bay gio , 4 trieu mot m2 tang chín thì chắc tôi sẽ tích góp từ bây giờ mới đủ mua duoc) . Nhu vay se co rat nhieu viec de phai lam doi voi co so ha tang : quy hoach, thiet ke , xay dung , cung co .. ( quy hoach truoc chu khong phai la xay dung truoc , roi dap di quy hoach lai). Nhu vay la se ton rat nhieu tien, chac phai di vay . Ma di vay la phai trả lăi . Nếu tính toán thì rate of return phải lớn hon rate of borrowing, nếu không chắc 20 năm nữa Vietnam lại giống như Argentina bây gio.
- Một hệ thông ngân hàng tương đối hoàn chỉnh, để huy động và quản lý nguồn vốn có hiệu quả. Tất nhiên là công thức cơ bản của efficiency phải là rate of return on investment lon hon cost or capital. Nếu có gì sai về thuật ngữ xin các bạn dính chính cho.
Human resource
R&D
Ôi , đến đây thì tôi thực sự là nhức đầu quá , bao nhiêu thứ chung ta cần chuẩn bị. Nếu tôi mà là nhà lãnh đạo chắc tôi cũng nhức đầu muốn bỏ việc. THôi , nghĩ làm gì nhiều, chúng ta đi làm cốc bia cho tinh, làm thêm chút massage và karaoke nua. Mọi việc từ từ tính sau , chúng ta có đi chậm chậm một chút cung duoc ma , chậm mà chắc có hơn không. Chúng ta ko tính đã có người tính hộ rồi cùng lắm là đợi đến thế hệ con cháu tính luôn một thể, đi đâu mà vội.
ATC

cuoihaymeu
Hoan hô bác Timothy Nguyễn, với tinh thần ấy bác xứng đáng trở thành Xây dựng cộng đồng đấy, hoan hô...
Mà bao nhiêu chiên da Kinh tế của Box mình đi đâu hết cả ấy nhỉ ??? CÁC BÁC ỚI.
ATC

cuoihaymeu
Hoan hô bác Timothy Nguyễn, với tinh thần ấy bác xứng đáng trở thành Xây dựng cộng đồng đấy, hoan hô...
Mà bao nhiêu chiên da Kinh tế của Box mình đi đâu hết cả ấy nhỉ ??? CÁC BÁC ỚI.
ATC