Máy đào hào, nó chạy thế nào ấy nhỉ?

Máy đào hào, nó chạy thế nào ấy nhỉ?

Hôm nọ xem ở đây có bác nào post hình cái máy đào chiến hào (hay là xem trên ti vi thì phải). Cái máy này cơ chế hoạt động của nó thế nào nhỉ?
Các bác đã bàn nhiều về trang thiết bị hiện đại, giờ ta thảo luận chút về vai trò các chiến hào và cái máy đào hào trong tác chiến hiện đại (căn cứ phòng thủ, tác chiến đô thị...) Trong điều kiện kinh tế như ta, nếu phải có chiến tranh thì đào hào vẫn là nhanh nhất, bảo vệ được cả dân lẫn quân, lại chả tốn kém đầu tư gì mấy

Máy đào hào đơn giản nhất là cái xẻng, ngon hơn thì xài máy xúc, máy ủi...

Cái này của tụi Nga, nhưng hình nhỏ quá:
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BTM-4M TUNDRA
HIGH-SPEED TRENCHING MACHINE
Vladimir Kuznetsov
Chief of Engineer Forces of the Russian
Federation Defense Ministry, Colonel General

The defensive doctrine of the Russian Federation Armed Forces contemplates the need to organize troop positions, including the developed network of fire and communication trenches, which should be dug by engineer forces at any time of year and day, in different hardness soils at temperatures ranging from -40 to +40 °C.
The BTM-3 trenching machine, in service with the engineer forces, does not ensure excavation in frozen ground, and its base chassis of the AT-T tracked tractor has a maximum cruising speed of 35 km/h, which does not meet modern requirements. In ad***ion, the digging equipment is obsolete in terms of design.
The BTM-4M Tundra trenching machine, developed by the Special Engineering JSC (Spetsmash JSC in St. Petersburg), is intended to dig fire and communication trenches in frozen and nonfrozen ground at a sufficiently high capacity. It has a maximum cruising speed of 50 km/h.
The BTM-4M trenching machine comprises a track-laying chassis, trench digger and dozer equipment.
The vehicle is based on the tracked chassis of the 203mm 2S7M Malka self-propelled gun, reworked to mount operating equipment.
During retrofitting of the base chassis, changes were made to the design of the cabin, transmission, hull front and rear. The two-seat cabin was armored and fitted with a filtering/ventilating unit. To improve the commanding view during operation of the digger and dozer, the crew seats were raised by 400 mm, compared to the Malka, and the cabin glass panels were increased. The instruments and controls for the chassis and operating equipment are installed at the driver mechanic work station. The multifuel engine is provided with combined supercharging. The fuel pump mounts a two-position maximum fuel feed limiter to obtain two levels of maximum power. The fuel system has a capacity of 2,200 liters. Provision is made for fuel supply from different groups of tanks made of stainless steel. The engine is provided with a preheater and indicators to provide information on the con***ion of its systems.
The chassis transmission (see mechanical diagram) is provided with an intermediate gear unit, which ensures torque transmission to the digger drive, operation of the hydraulic reduction gear during hydrostatic vehicle motion when excavating, operation of the digging equipment hydraulic drive pumps, torque transmission from the engine to the chassis gearboxes when traveling. In the latter case, the transmission ensures seven forward gears and one reverse gear. The running gear design envisages locking in position of four suspension units in the operating mode: the first pair during operation of the dozer equipment and the seventh pair during trenching.
Two sets of the GST-90 hydrostatic transmission, produced by the Pargolovo-based Gidrosila Plant are used for the vehicle.
The chassis hull interior houses a speed gearbox with hydraulic clutch of the digger transmission, which allows more compact stowage of the digger for travel and compliance with the 02-T railway clearance gauge.
The digger is a frame structure hinged to the chassis hull rear.
Compared to the BTM-3, the digger is new in design and comprises a frame, bucketless rotor and clearing shoe. The digger frame mounts a rotor, side gear unit, earth removers, slopers, clearing shoe and digger setting hydraulic cylinder.

Two-stage rotor unloading permits a decrease in soil backfilling, thereby increasing the trenching machine capacity.
The hub of the centrally driven bucketless rotor accommodates the digger gear unit. Fifteen transverse members are welded to the rotor body along its external perimeter. These members mount hard alloy cutters, arranged to ensure six lines of soil cutting and trench digging of a desired width.
The rotor drive transmission comprises a power takeoff shaft, intermediate gear unit, speed gearbox, swiveling gear unit, side gear unit, rotor gear unit and cardan shafts.
The digger lift mechanism ensures:
' stowage of the digger in the traveling position and its transfer from the traveling to the operating position;
' lowering and raising of the digger during trenching;
' turn of the digger within ±7o relative to the ground surface during trenching;
' turn of the digger through an angle of ±15o relative to the vehicle longitudinal axis when excavating curved trenches.
The dozer equipment is installed at the front of the vehicle and comprises a blade and frame, hinged to each other, and hydraulic cylinders that ensure the transfer of the dozer blade from the traveling to the operating position, its lowering and holding in the fixed or variable (floating) position, as well as turning to the grader position (left or right) and changes in the blade cutting angle allowing for various excavating and earthmoving operations.
The dozer blade is provided with hinged expanders to ensure the desired lane width when in the operating position. To minimize the vehicle dimensions for transportation, the expanders are folded and locked in position with pins.
Trenches are dug during the vehicle''s movement in the operating mode, with the motion reduction gear engaged, at a working speed of 0 to 2 km/h, while the soil cutting rate depends on the selected gear.
The depth of the trench to be dug (1.1 or 1.5 m) is determined by an appropriate setting of the clearing shoe, which serves as an ad***ional external support for the digger and for dressing and compaction of the trench bottom and walls.
Five hydraulic cylinders retain the digger in the fixed or variable (floating) position relative to the chassis hull and ensure transfer of the digger from the traveling to the operating position and vice versa. The floating position of the lifting and setting hydraulic cylinders is applied for pitting and digging straight and curved trenches.
The digger and dozer are controlled from the cabin by electrohydraulic drives and the speed gearbox drive. For travel, the digger is placed on the post.
The engine systems and basic transmission assemblies (gearboxes, final drives, taper gear units, etc.) of the BTM-4M and the Malka are fully unified, while the track and suspension system is identical to that of the T-80 tank and ensures a run of up to 10,000 km.
The protection system of the BTM-4M performs continuous monitoring, detects and warns about radiological and chemical contamination and fires and controls the actuating mechanisms of the system.
The trenching machine is provided with an auxiliary unit, intended to switch the digger from the operating to the traveling position, should the hydraulic drive, engine, its systems or electrical equipment fail when it is necessary to move the vehicle from a work site.
In terms of design and characteristics, the BTM-4M has no foreign equivalents.
The combination of reliable operation in various climates, high working capacity and agility makes the BTM-4M trenching machine indispensable for organizing troop positions.

Chú muvlc muốn tìm hiểu xe, máy công binh thì đến anh cho mượn cuốn sách về khí tài công binh trong biên chế QĐ NC, còn lười đến thì tìm trong cái topic về vũ khí VN trong 2 cuộc kháng chiến của anh ấy!

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