Mig-29 và F-16 qua con mắt phi công NATO

F-22 Raptor
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Boeing is teamed with Lockheed Martin, Pratt & Whitney and the U.S. Air Force to develop the F-22 Raptor as a replacement for the F-15C. The fast, agile, stealthy F-22 will take over the air superiority role with Air Combat Command starting in 2005. The Air Force plans to procure 339 F-22s, and production is scheduled to run through 2013.
Mission
The F-22's primary mission is to establish absolute control of the skies over any battlefield â?" a must-have in modern warfare. It provides first-look, first-shot, first-kill capability. The F-22 is an air superiority fighter with much improved capability over current Air Force aircraft. Its stealth, supercruise ability, integrated avionics and other features will make it the most potent fighter in the world.
Contract Activity
A $9.55 billion contract for F-22 Engineering and Manufacturing Development, or EMD, was awarded to the Lockheed Martin/Boeing contractor team in August 1991. Contract changes since then have elevated the contract value to approximately $15 billion. Under the terms of the contract, the F-22 team is completing the design of the aircraft, avionics and training systems, building production tooling, and manufacturing and testing nine flight-test and two ground-test aircraft.
In July 1998, the U.S. Air Force awarded the Lockheed Martin/Boeing F-22 team a contract totaling approximately $50 million for advanced procurement of two Production Representative Test Vehicle, or PRTVs aircraft.
In December 1998, the Air Force awarded contracts to the F-22 contractor team totaling approximately $503 million for production of two F-22 PRTV aircraft and associated program support for calendar year 1999. The PRTV deliveries are scheduled to commence in November 2001 and continue through January 2002. The U.S. Air Force also awarded a contract totaling approximately $189 million for advance procurement for the next lot of six F-22 PRTV II aircraft.
In December 1999, the F-22 team was awarded contracts totaling more than $1.5 billion to build the six PRTV II and associated program support for calendar year 2000. Aircraft deliveries are scheduled to begin in March 2002 and continue through December 2002. The Air Force also awarded a contract for approximately $275 million for advanced procurement for 10 Lot 1 Low Rate Initial Production, or LRIPs.
In September 2001, the F-22 team was awarded contracts totaling more than $1.9 billion to build the 10 Lot 1 PRTV II, associated program support for calendar year 2001 and contractor logistics support. Lot 1 aircraft deliveries are scheduled to begin in February 2003 and continue through November 2003.
As of November 2001, the F-22 contractor team has reached a tentative price settlement with the Air Force for production of 13 Lot 2 LRIP aircraft, associated program support for calendar year 2002 and contractor logistics support. The program is expecting Lot 2 contract award by the end of 2001.
Raptor Unveiled, Flight Testing Begins
The first F-22 built under the EMD contract was unveiled in a ceremony on April 9, 1997, in Marietta, Ga. First flight took place on Sept. 7, 1997, and in May 1998, Raptor 01 made its formal entry into flight test. The newest F-22, Raptor 03, made its first flight in March 2000 with Boeing pilot Chuck Killberg at the controls.
Significant flight milestones that have been met include surpassing the Congressionally mandated 183 flight-test hours, supersonic flight, in-flight refueling, weapon release and completing ground-vibration tests and angle-of-attack tests.
As of November 2001, F-22 pilots at the Combined Test Force, Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., have logged 1,460 hours and 654 flights in the program's six test F-22s.
Avionics Integration
Boeing, responsible for integrating the F-22 Raptor's advanced avionics, has been testing software packages in both its Avionics Integration Lab, or AIL, since 1998, and on its 757 Flying Test Bed, or FTB, since March 1999, and on the F-22 Raptor Flight Test aircraft since January 2001.
As of November 2001, Boeing has completed more than 21,000 hours of avionics testing in the AIL and more than 865 hours on the FTB. Five versions of integrated avionics packages are currently being flown on two F-22 aircraft. The most advanced version includes Electronic Warfare, Communication, Navigation and Identification, or CNI, and radar capabilities. An even more advanced version of software, Block 3.1, is currently being tested on the FTB.
F-22 Team
The F-22 teaming arrangement has allowed unprecedented industry cost-sharing and taken advantage of the different companies' strengths in advanced technology, production capability and systems integration.
Prior to its selection as winner of what was then known as the Advanced Tactical Fighter competition, the F-22 team conducted a 54-month demonstration/validation program. The effort involved the design, construction and flight testing of two YF-22 prototype aircraft. Two prototype engines, the Pratt & Whitney YF119 and General Electric YF120, also were developed and tested during the program. The demonstration/validation program was completed in December 1990.
Much of that work was performed by Boeing in Seattle, Wash.; Lockheed (now Lockheed Martin) in Burbank, Calif.; and General Dynamics (now Lockheed Martin) in Fort Worth, Texas. The prototypes were assembled in Lockheed's Palmdale, Calif., facility and made their maiden flights from there. Since that time Lockheed's program management and aircraft assembly operations have moved to Marietta, Ga., for the EMD and production phases.
Division of Work
Boeing in Seattle, Wash., is responsible for the wings, aft fuselage (including the structures necessary for engine and nozzle installation), avionics integration, 70 percent of mission software, the training system, flight-test development and management, and the training, life-support and fire-protection systems.
Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems, a division of Lockheed Martin Corporation, based in Marietta, Ga., is responsible for program management, the integrated forebody (nose section) and forward fuselage (including the ****pit and inlets), leading edges of the wings, the fins and stabilators, flaps, ailerons, landing gear and final assembly of the aircraft.
Lockheed Martin Tactical Aircraft Systems, based in Fort Worth, Texas, is responsible for the center fuselage; stores management; integrated navigation and electronic warfare systems; the communications, navigation, and identification system; and the weapon support system.
Boeing Deliveries
As of August 2001, Boeing has delivered 17 sets of wings and 18 aft-fuselages to team partner Lockheed Martin. Five versions of integrated avionics packages have been delievered to Lockheed Martin. Block 3.1 is scheduled to be delivered to Lockheed Martin this fall. This software will provide ad***ional functionality to the F-22 Raptor, allowing it to accomplish a significant amount of flight testing.
November 2001

F-22 Features
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The F-22 Raptor incorporates the latest technological gains in low observables, avionics, materials, engine performance and aerodynamic design. Knowledge gained from proven weapon systems such as the F-15, F-16 and F-117 formed the foundation for F-22 development.
First look/first shot/first kill in all environments: A combination of improved sensor capability, improved situational awareness and improved weapons provides first-kill opportunity against threats. The F-22 possesses a sophisticated sensor suite that allows the pilot to track, identify and shoot the threat before it detects the F-22. Significant effort is being placed on ****pit design and avionics fusion to improve the pilot's situational awareness. Advanced avionics technologies allow the F-22 sensors to gather, integrate and display essential information in the most useful format to the pilot.
Reduced observables: Advances in low-observable technologies provide significantly improved survivability and lethality against air-to-air and surface-to-air threats. The F-22's combination of reduced observability and supercruise accentuate the advantage of surprise in a tactical environment.
Supersonic persistence: The F-22's engines produce more thrust than any current fighter engine, especially in military (non-afterburner) power. Called "supercruise," this characteristic allows the F-22 to efficiently cruise at supersonic airspeeds without using afterburners. This capability greatly expands the F-22's operating envelope in both speed and range over current fighters that must use afterburner to operate at supersonic speeds.
Increased maneuverability: The F-22 has been extensively designed, tested and refined aerodynamically during the demonstration/validation (dem/val) phase and the current Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) phase. The F-22's sophisticated aero-design and high thrust-to-weight ratio provide the capability to outmaneuver all current and projected threat aircraft. To ensure the F-22 provides air dominance for deep-interdiction aircraft, it operates at medium and high altitude at ranges superior to current generation air dominance aircraft.
Improved reliability and maintainability: To ensure operational flexibility, the F-22 has better reliability and maintainability than any military fighter in history. Increased F-22 reliability and maintainability pays off in less manpower required to fix the aircraft and consequently less airlift required *****pport a deployed squadron. Ad***ionally, reduced maintenance support provides the benefit of reduced life-cycle cost and the ability to operate more efficiently from prepared or dispersed operating locations.
Increased lethality and survivability: The above characteristics provide a synergistic effect that ensures F-22 lethality against an advanced air threat. The combination of reduced observability and supercruise drastically shrinks surface-to-air engagement envelopes and minimizes threat capability to engage and shoot the F-22.
Air-to-surface capability: The F-22 has a secondary role to attack surface targets. The aircraft will be capable of carrying two 1,000-pound Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAMs) internally and will use on-board avionics for navigation and weapons delivery support.
Engines: The F-22 will incorporate Pratt & Whitney's new F119 engine. Designed for efficient supersonic operation without afterburner use (supercruise), and with increased durability over today's engines, the F119 is a very high thrust-to-weight ratio engine. Advanced technologies in the F119 include integrated flight-propulsion controls and two-dimensional, thrust-vectoring engine nozzles.

Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 Engine
Weapons: The F-22 is capable of carrying existing and planned air-to-air weapons. These include a full complement of medium-range missiles such as the AIM-120A advanced medium range air-to-air missile (AMRAAM), and short-range missiles such as the AIM-9 Sidewinder. The F-22 also will have a modernized version of the proven M61 internal gun and growth provisions for other weapons. The aircraft also will be capable of carrying Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAMs) and other ground-attack weapons.

F-22 Specifications
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Primary function: Fighter, air dominance.
Builders: Boeing and Lockheed Martin.
Major Subcontractors (partial list): Northrop Grumman, Texas Instruments, Kidde-Graviner Ltd., Allied-Signal Aerospace, Hughes Radar Systems, Harris, Fairchild Defense, GEC Avionics, Lockheed Sanders, Kaiser Electronics, Digital Equipment Corp., Rosemount Aerospace, Curtiss-Wright Flight Systems, Dowty Decoto, EDO Corp., Lear Astronics Corp., Parker-Hannifin Corp., Simmonds Precision, Sterer Engineering, TRW, XAR, Motorola, Hamilton Standard, Sanders/GE Joint Venture, Menasco Aerospace.
Personnel (approximate): USAF Program Office, 350; Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems, 1,100; Boeing, 1,400; Lockheed Martin Tactical Aircraft Systems; 1,500; Pratt & Whitney, 1,000.
Powerplant:
Two Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 engines.

Speed:
The F-22's speed class is Mach 2.
Armament:
Air-to-air and air-to-ground missiles.
Crew:
Model F-22A will carry one crewperson.
Milestones:
Sept. 29, 1990: First flight of Lockheed Martin-Boeing YF-22 prototype.
April 23, 1991: Air Force awards F-22 Engineering & Manufacturing Development Contract to Lockheed Martin-Boeing team.
Feb. 24, 1995: Air Force approves final design of the F-22.
April 9, 1997: Air Force officially names the F-22 "Raptor" at rollout ceremony in Marietta, Ga.
Sept. 7, 1997: First flight of the F-22 Raptor, piloted by F-22 Chief Test Pilot Paul Metz.

News Feature Home


Lockheed Martin Team Wins Joint Strike Fighter Competition, Pledges Full Commitment to This Cornerstone of Future Defense Capability
BETHESDA, MD; FORT WORTH, TX - The Pentagon today announced that an international team led by Lockheed Martin has won the competition to build the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF), a stealthy, supersonic, multirole fighter designed for the U.S. Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps, as well as the U.K. Royal Air Force and Royal Navy.
This win signals a go-ahead for the team of Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman and BAE SYSTEMS to produce an initial 22 aircraft in the program's $25 billion System Design and Development (SDD)(formerly know as Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD)) phase. The total program is valued at approximately $200 billion and will be a cornerstone of future defense capability for the United States and its allied partners. Plans call for more than 3,000 aircraft over the life of the program. The Joint Strike Fighter is designed to replace the A-10, the AV-8 Harrier, F-16 and the F/A-18.

TO: ALL INVOLVED
FROM: TEAM F-22 SC; USAF
RE: Air Dominance
DATE: March 30, 2001
The F-22 Raptor, developed at Aeronautical Systems Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, is the replacement for the F-15 Eagle air-superiority fighter and is now ready for production.
This aircraft combines stealth design with the supersonic, highly maneuverable, dual-engine, long-range requirements of an air-to-air fighter, and it also will have an inherent air-to-ground capability, if needed. The F-22??Ts integrated avionics gives it first-look, first-shot, first-kill capability that will guarantee U.S. air dominance for the next three decades.
Air dominance is mandatory for future success. Since World War II, air dominance has carried the day in all conflicts. When air dominance has not been absolute, as in the Vietnam War, the result has been extensive loss of aircraft and loss of strategic advantage.
Air dominance minimizes U.S. casualties and losses. Air dominance, provided by the F-22, guarantees freedom of maneuverability for ground, air, and naval forces. It protects militarily important infrastructures, such as command and control facilities, power grids, and factories, while increasing the efficiency of other military operations.
America needs the F-22. The Air Forcê?Ts ability to control the skies ensures that the U.S. military can carry out its vital missions free from attack and free to attack.
The F-22 will not just serve the Air Force; it will serve all ground forces as well. It has been almost 50 years since U.S. ground forces have been threatened by enemy air attacks; the F-22 is the best aircraft available to extend that timeline indefinitely.
- Current U.S. ground combat doctrine is rooted in high-tempo, around- the-clock operations. The F-22 will best support these non-stop operations with its superior capabilities, higher sortie rate and low maintenance requirements.
- The key *****ccess in modern warfare is air dominance - control of the vertical battlespace.
- The F-22 is a national asset that will guarantee our soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines the ability to operate free from air attack.
- Without the F-22, "Acceptable Combat Attrition" would replace Air Dominance.
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The air threat to the U.S. in the year 2005 and beyond is real.
- Current Russian fighters are already on par with Americâ?Ts best fighter, the F-15. Europe's and Russia's newest class of fighters will surpass the F-15; they are set to roll off production lines by 2005.
- At least three foreign aircraft threaten *****rpass the F-15??Ts performance in the near future: the French Rafale, the Eurofighter 2000, and the Russian Su-35. Some foreign aircraft are already at parity with the F-15.
- Nations are already denying America access to airspace around the globe by obtaining low-cost, but sophisticated surface-to-air missile systems.
- Highly capable surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems pose a formidable challenge to the F-15??Ts survivability. Advanced SAM systems, because of their relatively low cost, are a quick and easy way for countries to modernize their air defense systems.
- Estimated twenty-one countries will possess the most advanced systems by 2005.
The F-22 provides America with an asymmetric advantage in the air as well as on the ground. These are the primary attributes of Americâ?Ts premier 21st century transformation system.
- The balanced design of the F-22 incorporates performance (supercruise, maneuver advantage, acceleration), reliability, maintainability and supportability (high readiness, self-sufficiency, reduced support), survivability (low observability), integrated avionics, optimum payload, and affordability (low life-cycle cost, reduced deployability costs).
- The F-22 incorporates the latest technological gains in reduced observables, avionics, materials, engine performance and aerodynamic design. Knowledge gained from proven weapon systems such as the F-15 , F-16 and F-117A formed the foundation for F-22 development.
-The synergistic effect of all characteristics ensures F-22 lethality against an advanced air threat. The combination of reduced observability and supercruise drastically shrinks surface-to-air engagement envelopes and minimizes threat capability to engage and shoot the F-22.
- F-22 is flying today with more than 1100 flight test hours and is meeting or exceeding all Air Dominance Key Performance Parameters.
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Speed and Maneuverability


- F-22 has demonstrated supercruise at speeds greater than 1.5 Mach ??" increases battlefield access and control, reduced exposure to ground threats and improved weapons delivery ranges.
- F-22 has demonstrated superior maneuverability throughout the flying envelope from sea-level to 50,000 feet ??" assures the F-22 will maintain a distinct advantage in visual range dogfights.
- The F-22 has been extensively designed, tested and refined aerodynamically during the dem/val and EMD process and has extremely high-maneuver capability. The sophisticated F-22 aero-design and high thrust-to-weight provided the capability to outmaneuver all current and projected threat aircraft. To ensure the F-22 provides air dominance for deep-interdiction aircraft, it operates at medium and high altitude at ranges superior to current generation air-dominance aircraft.
- The F-22 incorporates Pratt & Whitney's new F119 engine. Designed for efficient super- sonic operation without afterburner use (supercruise), and with increased durability over today's engines, the F119 is a very high thrust-to-weight ratio engine. Advanced technologies in the F119 include integrated flight-propulsion controls and two-dimensional, thrust-vectoring engine nozzles.
- The F-22 engines produce more thrust than any current fighter engine, especially in military (non-afterburner) power. This characteristic allows the F-22 to efficiently cruise at supersonic airspeeds without using afterburner (supercruise). This capability greatly expands the F-22's operating envelope in both speed and range over current fighters that must use afterburner to operate at supersonic speeds.
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Avionics
- F-22 has demonstrated integrated avionics providing the pilot unprecedented situational awareness with a single battlefield display. It allows pilot to manage the air battle rather than interpreting multiple sensor inputs.
- F-22??Ts complex avionics have been tested on the ground and in a flying test bed, reducing the number of flight tests needed and identifying anomalies early in the program, when they are less costly to correct.
- 757 avionics test bed has been fitted with F-22 sensors and is providing valuable data. We have flying proof of integrated avionics integration (hundreds of hours since 1988).
See Without Being Seen
- F-22 possesses a highly stealthy signature that greatly reduces the enemy??Ts ability to find, track, and target ??" permits access to defended areas that cannot be accessed by non-stealth platforms.
- First look/first kill in all environments: A combination of improved sensor capability, improved situational awareness and improved weapons provides first-kill opportunity against the threat.
- The F-22 possesses a sophisticated sensor suite that allows the pilot to track, identify and shoot the threat before it detects the F-22. Significant effort is being placed on ****pit design and avionics fusion to improve the pilot's situational awareness. Advanced avionics technologies allow the F-22 sensors to gather, integrate and display essential information in the most useful format to the pilot.
- Advances in low-observable technologies provide significantly improved survivability and lethality against air-to-air and surface-to-air threats. The F-22's combination of reduced observability and super- cruise accentuate the advantage of surprise in a tactical environment.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weaponry
- The F-22 has a secondary role to attack surface targets. The aircraft will be capable of carrying two 1,000-pound Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAMs) internally and will use on-board avionics for navigation and weapons delivery support.
- The F-22 is capable of carrying existing and planned air-to-air weapons. These include a full complement of medium-range missiles such as the AIM-120A advanced medium range air-to-air missile (AMRAAM), and short-range missiles such as the AIM-9 Sidewinder. The F-22 also will have a modernized version of the proven M61 internal gun and growth provisions for other weapons. The aircraft also will be capable of carrying Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAMs) and other ground-attack weapons.
- Combination of revolutionary capabilities gives F-22 unmatched first look, first shot, first kill capability.
Maintainability
- To ensure operational flexibility, the F-22 has better reliability and maintainability than any military fighter in history. Increased F-22 reliability and maintainability pays off in less manpower required to fix the aircraft and consequently less airlift required *****pport a deployed squadron. Ad***ionally, reduced maintenance support provides the benefit of reduced life-cycle cost and the ability to operate more efficiently from prepared or dispersed operating locations.
- F-22 is the only viable air dominance option. F-22 has logged over 1100 hours of flight testing and is ready to go into production.
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The F-22 provides "first-look, first-shot, first-kill" capability. It can see the enemy first while avoiding detection itself.
- When we meet the enemy, we want to win 100-0, not 51-49.
- The F-22 will be able to get to the fight faster and engage the enemy longer.
- Parity or inferiority in air dominance is unacceptable; either one means more friendly casualties and a longer, more uncertain campaign. The American people do not want an even match; they want decisive, overwhelming superiority and minimum casualties with no protracted conflict.
- Downsizing U.S. forces means that in future conflicts, at least initially, we are likely to fight outnumbered ??" making the revolutionary capabilities of the F-22 essential for national security.
The F-22??Ts versatility means more capability for the warfighting commander and a key asset in our Expe***ionary Aerospace Force.
- With air-to-ground as well as air-to-air capabilities, the F-22 provides maximum flexibility.
- The F-22 will improve our flexible, tailored, rapid-response force, filling theater commanders??T needs across the spectrum of conflict.
- The F-22 will have a higher sortie rate and lower deployment requirements and will require less manpower than the F-15.
In order for the U.S. to maintain air dominance for the next 40 years, the F-22 is essential.
Được sửa chữa bởi - Timothy vào 28/12/2001 07:37

Chào các bác,
Tôi đã trở về, lại có dịp bàn chuyện với các bác trong giờ ăn trưa
Trước hết chúc mọi người một năm mới "an khanh thịnh vượng".
Gửi bác trangxinh và các bác bài này cho thấy khả năng BVR của Mig-29. Không thì các bác cứ hỏi tôi sao có ác cảm với Mig-29 thế. Tôi cắt dán và lược dịch ở đây, một lần nữa mong các bác bỏ qua cho sơ suất.
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Mig-29 được đưa vào sử dụng trong không quân Liên Xô năm 1983. Sau đó các nước khối Hiệp ước Vác-sa-va cũng bắt đầu thay thế Mig-21 bằng Mig-29. Không quân Đông Đức (NVA) là một trong những lực lượng đầu tiên tiến hành việc này.
Dù Mig-29A của NVA là 'export version' (version được sửa đổi để cho tính năng thấp hn một chút so với version Liên Xô sử dụng) nhưng đã có một số thay đổi trên đó, ví dụ như radar ban đầu của Mig-29A được thay bằng radar N019E hay EA 'Rubin', hoặc thậm chí thiết bị phân biệt bạn / thù (Identification Friend or Foe - IFF) mới nhất SR-2/SRZ-15 cũng được đưa vào.
Khi việc thống nhất nước Đức đến gần, chính phủ Liên Xô đã cấm không cho bán thêm Mig-29 cho Đông Đức. Trong bóng tối, các chuyên gia kỹ thuật Nga từ một căn cứ không quân Liên Xô gần đó đã được gửi tới Preschen để tháo hệ thống Odd Rods (?) ra khỏi tất c 24 chiếc Mig29, vì người Nga không muốn để thiết bị hiện đại nhất của mình này lọt vào phương Tây khi Đông Đức không còn tồn tại.
......

Thử nghiệm Mig-29 trong không quân Tây Đức (Luffwaffe)
(...) Các cuộc thử nghiệm đưa đến hàng trăm báo cáo mà người trong cuộc cho rằng dày đến 50cm. Các báo cáo kết luận rằng Mig-29 còn có thể được dùng trong 12 năm nữa (lvl: tức là cho tới năm nay, 2001. Khong giữa năm nay, Đức và Nga vừa tuyên bố hợp tác "upgrade" số Mig-29 còn lại trong không quân Đức để bán lại cho một nước thứ ba).
(...) Các nước khối Vác-sa-va dùng Mig-29 chuyên biệt cho mục đích đối không, mặc dù Mig-29 còn có kh năng phụ không đối đất. Thông thường chúng được đưa ra khỏi hangar để thực hiện một số chuyến bay tuần tiễu giới hạn, hoạt động dưới sự kiểm soát chặt chẽ bằng các quy định trong đánh chặn chỉ đạo bởi mặt đất (GCI - Ground Controlled Intercept), hoặc đánh chặn chỉ đạo bởi trạm trên không (ACI) thông qua Trạm Cnh giới và Điều khiển trên không (Airborne Warning And Control System - AWACS) Ilyushin / Beriev A-50 Mainstay. Hệ thống này cho phép phi công tự quyết định rất ít. Thoạt nhìn thì có vẻ như nó mang lại một lợi ích là cho phép phi công tập trung vào việc điều khiển phi cơ và thực hiện các nhiệm vụ được giao từ mặt đất. Thể hiện rõ nhất của tư tưởng này là việc dẫn hướng máy bay vào vị trí bắn bằng hệ thống truyền dữ liệu LAZUR, gim mức độ tham gia của phi công xuống đến mức "con rối trên một sợi dây" (lvl: cái này thì phi công VN có nhiều tự do hn hẳn - theo như bác trangxinh nói). Hình thức điều khiển kiểu này ra đời từ các cuộc bay đêm trong chiến tranh thế giới thứ hai. Chiếc Fulcrum được thiết kế để tận dụng chiến thuật này hết mức. Tuy nhiên đây cũng là điểm yếu nhất của Không quân Đông Đức (NVA). Trong các cuộc tập dượt chống Mig-29 của NATO, "điều khiển chiến thuật" đã được sử dụng. Kỹ thuật này đòi hỏi tất c thông tin thủ thập được từ radar của phi công và của GCI được tận dụng để tăng cường khả năng nhận biết tình huống của phi công. Kỹ thuật này đã chứng tỏ rõ ràng tính linh hoạt trong chiến đấu.
Một điểm nữa là chất lượng đào tạo. Trước chiến tranh vùng vịnh, các phi công I-rắc được gửi tới Pháp để đào tạo lái Mirage F1. Rất nhiều trong số đó không đạt yêu cầu và bị trả về nước. Những người bị trả về, cùng với các phi công hạng hai, có vẻ như đủ tốt để tham gia huấn luyện Mig-29 ở Nga. Tất cả các phi công đều đạt. Điều đó cho thấy Nga và các nước Vac-sa-va có một tiêu chuẩn đào tạo rất thấp.
Nhiều nhược điểm nữa có thể tìm thấy ở ngay trong chiếc máy bay. Radar N019 có góc phát hiện 120 độ (mỗi bên 60 độ). Tuy nhiên chỉ có 50 độ trong 120 độ này là có thể cho phép phát hiện và theo dõi mục tiêu trên không. Góc 50 độ này phi được chọn bằng tay để dự đoán hướng của mục tiêu. Có vẻ như là radar này được thiết kế để tập trung hơn vào việc sử dụng vũ khí chứ không cung cấp cho phi công toàn cảnh tình hình tức thời. Thông tin trên màn hình Head-up Display (HUD) cũng thưa thớt. Ngay cả khi một mục tiêu đã bị khoá, màn hình này cũng không hiển thị bất kỳ một thông tin thiết yếu nào như khoảng cách và độ cao của đối phương. Radar này cũng không có chế độ theo dõi trong khi rà soát (track-while-scan - TWS). Sau khi đã khoá vào một mục tiêu thì tất cả các đối tượng khác trên radar cũng biến mất (lvl: cái đặc điểm này có từ thời Mig-23 và trước đó . Khi quả tên lửa AA-10 Alamo (R-27) hoạt động trong chế độ dẫn đường bán tự động, người phi công phi "chiếu" vào mục tiêu liên tục cho đến khi tên lửa tới mục tiêu.
Mig-29A của NVA được trang bị thùng dầu phụ thế hệ đầu không có bộ phận đặc biệt để tiêu vỏ đạn. Vì vậy phi vứt thùng dầu đi thì máy bay mới sử dụng được súng canông.
Ngay cả động tác warning bust (?) trong khi tuần tiễu cũng không thực hiện được. Với thùng dầu phụ treo ở vị trí trung tâm bên dưới, phanh tốc độ sẽ không sử dụng được và tốc độ tối đa của phi cơ bị giới hạn ở 1,5 lần tốc độ âm thanh (Mach 1.5).
(...) Điểm quan trọng nhất của Mig-29 là dung tích dầu. Các nhiệm vụ tuần tiễu trên không (CAP - Combat Air Patrol) không thể kéo dài quá 35 phút nếu không thay đổi máy bay tuần tiễu.
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Le Van Le

xin cho em hỏi việt NAm chúng ta có những loại máy bay nào thuộc vào loại hiện đại.Nếu có chiến tranh xảy ra , không quân việt Nam có đủ sức đối đầu với máy bay tàng hình của bọn Mỹ không ? chúng ta có con đủ sức để dạy cho chúng một bài học nữa không?

Nguyencanhthinh

F-22 Raptor ??" Air Dominance
for the 21st Century
No fighter in the world comes close to matching the F-22. By every measure, the Raptor represents extraordinary breakthroughs in maneuverability, stealth, sensor fusion ??" a wealth of parameters that define a new era in fighter capability.
The origins of the F-22 can be traced to the early 1970s, when the U.S. Air Force began studying concepts for replacement of its F-15 air superiority fighter. This became a formal program when the service requested proposals for an Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) in October 1985. The simple fact: New air and ground threats were looming that the F-15 would not be able to counter.
Now these threats will be defeated by the highly lethal and survivable F-22, with its balance of increased speed and range, enhanced offensive and defensive avionics, and reduced observability. The design of the F-22 also emphasizes reliability and maintainability of systems.
The F-22 is capable of flying and fighting against the most advanced integrated radar networks and dense surface-to-air missile environments in the world ??" now and in the future. A new generation of fighters is under development in several countries around the world today. The advent of these new fighters, as well as the continuing export of current air defense and adversary advanced fighter technology to the Third World, put the United States??T ability to gain and maintain air superiority, much less air dominance, at increasing risk. The F-22 will retain the competitive edge through innovations and technologies no one can match.
In early 2001, the U.S. Air Force introduced a concept called Global Strike Task Force in which the F-22 Raptor is the enabler for all other forces. The success of any major air-land operation ??" today and in the future ??" depends primarily on the United States??T preeminent ability to detect and destroy enemy fighters as well as attack high-value ground targets with precision weapons.
With the F-22, the era of U.S. air dominance ??" against all ground- and air-based threats ??" has begun
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Thấy các bác tranh luân ham quá, em muốn gửi cho các bác tin dưới đây để các bác tham khảo:
"
?oинобо??он?< ?~ндии, о?,ме?,ил ?,елеканал Star News, об??а?,илос?O к ?oоскве с п??ос?Oбой ?fско??и?,?O пос?,авки ?,анков в связи с ??ос?,ом нап??яженнос?,и на г??ани??е с ?Yакис?,аном. ?~ 4 янва??я в ?~нди?Z б?<ла дос?,авлена пе??вая па???,ия из 10 ??оссийски?. ?,анков Т-90.
?sак пе??едае?, ко????еспонден?, Р?~А "Новос?,и" со сс?<лкой на ис?,о??ники в ?oинобо??он?< ?~ндии, всего в с?,??ан?f б?fде?, пос?,авлено 310 ?,аки?. ?,анков в соо?,ве?,с?,вии с дос?,игн?f?,ом в п??о?^лом год?f согла?^ением. ?s??оме ?,ого, ?~ндии б?fде?, п??едос?,авлена ли??ензия и ?,е?.ни??еская док?fмен?,а??ия на п??оизводс?,во в с?,??ане Т-90.
?Y??едполагае?,ся, ???,о э?,ими ?,анками б?fд?f?, осна??ен?< ??е?,?<??е-пя?,?O индийски?. б??оне?,анков?<?. полка, в зада???f ко?,о???<?. в?.оди?, сде??живание пакис?,ански?. ко??п?fсов, воо???fженн?<?. п??име??но 300 ?,анками Т-80У ?fк??аинского п??оизводс?,ва. ?' о?,ли??ие о?, Т-80У Т-90 осна??ен?< п??ибо??ами но??ного видения, навига??ионной сис?,емой, ?fсиленной б??онеза??и?,ой, лазе??н?<ми п??и??елами и 125-мм п?f?^кой ско??ос?,??ел?Oнос?,?O?Z до 8 в?<с?,??елов в мин?f?,?f, способной по??ажа?,?O наземн?<е и низколе?,я??ие ??ели. Такая осна??еннос?,?O Т-90 обеспе??ивае?, им п??евос?.одс?,во над Т-80У п??и ведении боев?<?. дейс?,вий.
MIGnews
Россия пос?,авляе?, в ?~нди?Z ?,анки Т-90
4.01.2002 7:52 | С?,??ана.Ru
?' ?~нди?Z дос?,авлена пе??вая па???,ия из 10 ??оссийски?. ?,анков Т-90. ?sак сооб??или в ?oинобо??он?< ?~ндии, всего в с?,??ан?f б?fде?, пос?,авлено 310 ?,аки?. ?,анков в соо?,ве?,с?,вии с дос?,игн?f?,ом в п??о?^лом год?f согла?^ением. ?s??оме ?,ого, ?~ндии б?fде?, п??едос?,авлена ли??ензия и ?,е?.ни??еская док?fмен?,а??ия на п??оизводс?,во в с?,??ане Т-90.
?oинобо??он?< ?~ндии, о?,ме??ае?, в пя?,ни???f ?,елеканал "С?,а?? н?O?Zс", об??а?,илос?O к ?oоскве с п??ос?Oбой ?fско??и?,?O пос?,авки ?,анков в связи с ??ос?,ом нап??яженнос?,и на г??ани??е с ?Yакис?,аном. Э?,о позволи?, ?fк??епи?,?O обо??онн?f?Z безопаснос?,?O с ?f??е?,ом осна??еннос?,и Т-90 ??аке?,ами, способн?<ми по??ажа?,?O б??оне?,е?.ник?f п??о?,ивника.
?Yлани???fе?,ся, ???,о э?,ими ?,анками б?fд?f?, осна??ен?< ??е?,?<??е-пя?,?O индийски?. б??оне?,анков?<?. полка, в зада???f ко?,о???<м пос?,авлено сде??живание пакис?,ански?. ко??п?fсов, воо???fжЍ
coheu
"

Xin chao cac bac,
Em rat me may bay chien dau nhung ma em khong co nhieu tai lieu ve no. Cac bac chi gium em duoc khong? Em co thang ban hoc lai may bay chien dau cua Viet Nam. No la sinh vien cua Hoc Vien Khong Quan. No dang hoc lai Mig-21 the he thu 3. Em cung khong ranh lam. No noi rang cac may bay cua My phuc tap hon may bay cua Nga nhieu vi My nhieu tien hon. Moi kieu chien dau lai co mot loai may bay rieng. Con Nga do it tien nen mot may bay co the thuc hien nhieu nhiem vu khac nhau, va may bay Nga cung rat ben. Cung nhu khau AK-47 vay, AK vua co the giet nguoi, vua co the diet may bay o tam thap tuy thuoc vao loai dan dong hay chi hay sat gi do. Con My thi co rat nhieu hang san xuat vu khi, chi mot cai khau sung ca nhan thoi ma co rat nhieu co dan khac nhau. Mot khi da xai sung cua hang nao la phai xai dan cua hang do, xai dan cua hang khac khong duoc. Day la kieu xai tien cua nuoc sieu giau.
Con chuyen Viet Nam minh co du suc chong tra voi may bay My khong thi ba (bo) em co noi chuyen voi mot vi tuong phong khong - khong quan trong quan doi, chiu trach nhiem bao ve tp.HCM thi bac ay noi la cu yen tam, vu khi phong khong cua minh du suc "choi" voi bat ky loai may bay nao. Nhung khong the noi duoc vi day la bi mat quoc gia. Noi chung ve phong khong thi minh rat manh con khong quan thi khong duoc manh lam. Don gian la chi vi quan doi nuoc minh phong thu quoc gia la chinh chu khong phai di xam luoc cac nuoc khac nhu My. Hon nua tien dau ma mua may bay. Trung Quoc mua may bay Su-27 cua Nga thi mua mot luc ca tram chiec. Sau do mua luon ban thiet ke Su-27 (tat nhien la luc nay Nga da co Su-xx moi, hinh nhu la Su-35 thi phai). Con minh thi chi mua 10 chiec Su-27 mot dot. Den luc nhap ve cho phi cong minh tap lai thi bi roi them mot chiec. Vay la con 9 chiec. Hic hic...
Tum lai la em nghi do cua Nga ben va xin. Chang han nhu tram MIR hoat dong rat lau so voi du dinh. Ve khoa hoc khong gian-hang khong thi em nghi Nga van la nhat, chi vi bi gio khong co tien thoi. Em thi chi khoai may bay Nga thoi chu chang khoai My teo nao. Nhung co dieu em so F-117 va F-22 Raptor lam lam. Em khong biet la Nga co che duoc ten lua nao hay may bay nao khac che duoc 2 loai nay chua nhi? Cac bac chi giao cho em voi!
TGNN