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NAVY - ZVO - 2/2002 VMS OF THE COUNTRIES of southeast of the Asia- terms/members OF ORGANIZATION ASEAN the captain of 2 ranks D.PEVTSOV VMS of republic the union Of m'yanmy to the number of basic their tasks carry the protection of territorial waters, the defense of coast, providing safety of mopchkikh communications, protection of national interests in the 200- mile economic zone, and also natural gas developments in the continental shelf.Organizationally VMS include one flotilla (the consisting of three battalions:korvetov and patrol ships, rocket launches and patrol launches) and three naval regions (Arakan, Irravaddi and Tenasserim).The general/common leadership of forces exercises chief of the General Staff VS (one of his assistants, Vice Admiral, it answers for the state and the combat training VMS), and direct - chief of staff (the very same commander) OF VMS (rear admiral).The staff of fleet is arranged/located in GVMB Rangoon (yangon).Besides it into the system of the basing of fleet enter VMB the pond, Mergui (M'ey), Molam'yayn (Moulmeyn), Situe (Ak'yab), Tandue (Sandovey), Sinmalay.In the fighting strength VMS it is counted:14 warships (three korveta, three patrol, eight small landing), 74 combat launches (six rocket, 31 patrol, 27 river patrol, 10 landing) and 18 auxiliary ships.Naval aviation is three aircraft BPA F -27m and 10 by helicopters Bell -27S.Number of personnel (to beginning 2001 of year) - 16 thousand people, including of 800 marines.Of the reserve VMS 2 000 people consist.Staffing VMS is achieved on the voluntary basis.The initial military training of kontraktniki is passed to training units, noncommissioned officer composition is prepared in the special schools.Candidates in officers pass instruction to the united military academy (period of instruction four years) or in the officer school (1,5 years, for those graduated from civil/civilian higher educational institutions the period of instruction it is reduced to four months).The plans/layouts of improvement VMS provide for further renovation of the ship composition of fleet, begun in 90- e the years of past century.Three PKA of the type RV 90 were acquired in Yugoslavia at the end of 1990, 10 PKA of the type < ha1nan > of project 037 and six RKA of the type < Of khouksin > of the project of 0e"/yG (Fig. 1) - in China in 1991 - 1993 and 1995 - 1997- m respectively.Building of three of four in a series PKA of the type < Of m'yanma > is completed at the national shipbuilding plant in Rangoon in 2000 years.For the turn building at the shipyard in VMB Of sinmalay of four korvetov (with displacement 1 of 200 t) on the Chinese project (head it must enter the system in 2001/2002 years) and the acquisition in China of two mine-sweeper ships.Is planned also further development of the system of basing and of logistics of the fleet:is constructed new VMB on the Is. of large spinner, are re-equipped existing VMB. they start measures to raising the level of combat training (in particular, by an increase in the assignments for these targets/purposes) and instruction of personnel, including abroad (, first of all, in China and Singapore), the systems of force management, communications, reconnaissance and REB (with the aid of China they are constructed coast communication centers, they are bought, predominantly in Singapore, contemporary radio-electronic means) are improved.VMS of kingdom Cambodia, being independent form VS, include one naval region, VMB To ream and river base Of pnompen', two battalions of seagoing patrol launches, the brigade of river PKA and 16 battalions MP. heads VMS commander (Vice Admiral) with the staff in g. Of pnompen'.Total number of personnel (to beginning 2001 of year) - 2 800 people (including 780 marines).
On the command VMS are assigned a mission of the protection of national interests in the Siamese (Thailand) molded edge/gulf, defense of the coast of the country, protection of territorial waters and economic zone, patrolling of internal rivers, and also organization of interaction with the allies in the case of combat operations in southeastern Asia.However, fleet is arranged/located the at present very limited possibilities along the accomplishment of all these objectives, which is caused mainly by the small number of ship composition, by the presence in arsenal of obsolete military equipment and by the low level of the professional/occupational training of personnel.In the fighting strength of fleet, according to the reference book < Of dzheyns >, are two patrol launches (project of 20shchR), transmitted to Cambodia by Russia in 1987 (two of others they require repair and modernization), two river PKA (still several in the reserve) and about 170 motor and rowboats.Coast defense they ensure five battalions MP and battalions of antiaircraft artillery, in arsenal of which consist 20 instruments of coast artillery even 12 zenith.In accordance with the five-year program of the reformation VS of the country, calculated during the years 1999 - 2003, is provided for the acquisition for VMS of three new sea and to 24 river PKA, the modernization of two launches of the type < wall > (project of 20shchR), the development of landing and transport possibilities, national ship-repair and ship-building base (shipyard Of khong Of leong).In this case Cambodia relies on military aid from the side of China and Vietnam, and also for the development of military technical collaboration with Russia and the material and technical aid of such highly developed countries as THE USA, France, Australia, etc.Raising the level of combat training is planned/glided to reach/achieve due to the renovation of the training programs of series, noncommissioned officer and commissioned personnel, participation in the joint exercises with VMS of Vietnam, Thailand and Laos VMS of republic Indonesia they are the independent form VS of the country.They include two fleets (eastern and Western), four commands (marines, connection/communication and safety VMS, sea transportation and training), and also aviation VMS, partially completed BY VVS heads Navy chief of staff (Vice Admiral).Staff VMS is arranged/located in g. Jakarta.Total number of personnel VMS to beginning 2001 of year - 47 500 people (including 15 000 marines even 1 000 aviations VMS).
Eastern fleet (staff in GVMB Surabaya, Is. Java) contains three squadrons (frigates URO, korvetov and landing ships), four battalions (submarines, mine-sweeper ships, rocket launches and auxiliary ships), and also aviation wings (three squadrons - patrol, transport and helicopter).Western fleet (staff in VMB Of teluk-Ratay, Is. Sumatra) includes three battalions:frigates, patrol launches and auxiliary ships.Basic tasks of both fleets include:the defense of the coast of the country, patrolling and the protection of territorial waters and exceptional economic zone of state, fight with the piracy and the illegal revolution of narcotics.In the fighting strength VMS are counted 70 warships, including two diesel submarines, 14 frigates (of them six - FR URO), 16 korvetov, 12 mine-sweeper and 26 landing ships (LST/LSM), 76 launches (four rocket, 18 large patrol and 54 landing) and 29 auxiliary ships, including commanding staff ship < To multatuu > (flag officer of eastern fleet), four scientific research, five oceanographic, 12 mobile logistics, two training sailboats (barkentina < Of devaruchi >, Fig. 2, and the schooner < Of arung Of samudera &gt and five tugs (of them one it is used as the patrol).The system of basing and of logistics OF VMS includes seven naval bases:Surabaya (GVMB), Belavan, Teluk-Ratay, Balikpapan, Tandjung- pi -nang, Tandzhung-Priok and Udzhung-Pandang, seven PB:Ambon, Bitung, Sabang, mA -nokvari, Dzhayapura, Bandzharmasin and Chilachap even six air baseszhuanda, Biak, to Pecan- bar, itself Of ratulangi, Sabang and Natuna.The command of marines (commandant MP - Major General) includes staff (in g. Jakarta), four brigades (three-battalion composition), two regiments of guarantee (combat and rear) and training regiment.Marines is armed with:100 light amphibious tanks Of pt-"' and 34 BMP Of amkh-y0r < to sea-scape >, 14 Brdm-2, instrument and the mortars of different calibers, the antiaircraft missile systems and another technology.By the plans/layouts of reorganization MP (2000 years) was provided for the creation of commands in Vostochn (GVMB Of surabayya) and Western (VMB Of teluk-Ratay) regions and an increase in the number of personnel to 22 800 people.

Aviation VMS, created in 1958 (staff in GVMB Surabaya), counts to 60 aircraft of base aviation, including of nine destroyers F- cabbage soup < Tigers II >, 35 patrol (< nomad &gt, 11 reconnaissance (Chn-2eshch MRA) and five patrul6no- transport (< Boeing > 737-200), about 20 helicopters (one us -332 < by super- puma > and three YUAS.1 < U OSP > of antisubmarine, to 15 auxiliary NBO of y0shchCh and one NB 412).There are plans/layouts of the acquisition of four transport helicopters Mi-17 for the marines.Basic air force mission VMS - air support, conducting sea reconnaissance and patrolling.To the command of the sea transportation (created in 1978, staff in g. Jakarta) are subordinated the battalions of landing ships and transports, and also coast cargo terminals.Commercial fleet counts 717 vessels with a general/common tonnage of 3 of 662 732 brt.Training command organizes the initial military and special preparation of series and noncommissioned officers in the training regiments of the military districts.It also accomplishes the centralized instruction of noncommissioned officer and commissioned personnel in the special courses.The staff of training command is located in Bandung, where are placed the subordinated to it training centers.Staffing troops is achieved both on the voluntary (contract) basis and on the call in accordance with the law about universal military duty.Period of required service two years.To become volunteer the citizen of Indonesia can only after the passage of the service term.In connection with high status of soldiers in the country, and also because of the significant exceeding of the number of young people of the call-up age above the needs of yearly collection to the service term start only those, who voluntarily expressed the desire to serve in the armed forces and passed thorough selection.The primary preparation of series and noncommissioned officer composition is conducted in the training regiments VO, where the recruits deal with the initial military training (duration of instruction of approximately six months).The more complex military professions of Private noncommissioned officer composition seizes in the centers of training to - "mavdovaniya.;The initial military training of the cadets of military academy VMS is passed on the base of the academy of ground forces in g. Of magelang.Basic trends in development VMS after purchase in Germany in 1993 - 1996 of 16 korvetov of the type < Parchim > (project 133.1), 12 landing ships of the type < Of frosh > (project 108) and nine trawlers of the type < condor > further plans/layouts of the renovation of the ship composition of fleet (for example, the acquisition of the submarines of project 206, frigate of the type < Of tromp >, the helicopter NB 412) were stopped in 1998 in view of the crisis in the economy and the budgetary limitations.According to the information of the military foreign press, in 2001 year it was planned to order six reconnaisance aircraft of lf/NCh -212.
To other directions of improvement VMS can be attributed further development of the system of basing and of logistics of a fleet (is planned/glided, for example, to build new GVMB in g. Of ratay-Bey, the province Of lampang;to create network/grid small PB in different regions of the country for the more effective solution of tasks by the fight with the piracy, the revolution of narcotics and the smuggling), and also the correction of those existing and the development of the new concepts of use VMS in the con***ions of contemporary international situation.VMS of Malaysia together with the Navy of Singapore relate, according to the estimation/evaluation of western military reviewers, to is most dynamically ravivayushchimsya in the region YUVA. as the independent form VS of the country they include staff (g.Kuala-Lumpur), fleet, aviation VMS, two naval regions (1-1 it territorially relates to the state/staff Of kuantan, on the peninsula Malacca, by 2-1 - to the states/staffs Sabakh and sarawak), parts subordinate to Central authority.Management/manual VMS achieves a commander (Admiral).It enters into the tasks of Navyatrolling exceptional economic zone and territorial waters state;checking/control and the protection of sea communications;the protection of trade fishing and of environment;guarantee and the support of operations of ground forces in the landing and antiamphibious operations, and also the peacemaking and humanitarian actions according to the plans/layouts OF UNITED NATIONS;rendering aid to government structures in overcoming of the consequences of the natural calamities.Fleet (commander - rear admiral) has in the fighting strength five flotillas (submarines, combat surface ships, patrol forces, training ships and auxiliary ships), also, to 15 battalions, completed according to the principle of uniform forces (on two - frigates and korvetov, on three - rocket and patrol launches, on one - patrol, mine-sweeper ships, the ships of control, transport and hydrographic vessels).The ship composition of fleet includes 19 combat ships, including two submarines (type < Of zvaardvis >, they are transmitted from THE NAVY of the Netherlands, into the fighting strength they must be introduced in 2002 - 2003 years), two FR URO (type < By lek'yu >, project F -2000, English building, Fig. 3), two frigates (they are used as the training), six rocket korvetov (two types < Of kasturi > of German and four - < Laksamana > of Italian building, Fig. 4), two patrol, one landing (LST) and four mine-sweeper ships, and also 60 combat launches (eight rocket, six artillery, 18 patrol, 28 landing typesTO LCHM/LCHP/LCHU, about 130 more types LCHA are used in ground forces).Auxiliary fleet counts 23 vessels (nine transport ensuring, two hydrographic, one sail training - the two-masted brig < Of tyunas Of samudera > and of 11 harbor tugs).Furthermore, if necessary for the accomplishment of patrol objectives can be drawn 146 launches of military police and 16 - customs service.
In arsenal of aviation VMS are three deck antisubmarine helicopters < of the Wasp -HAS.l >, using from onboard FR URO of the type < By lek'yu > and korvetov of the type < Of kasturi >, and four patrol aircraft into 200T < by super- King >.Several army transport helicopters of the type S -61 A < Nourys > can be based on two patrol ships (OPV) and two supply transports.On the storages are found several helicopters < U OSP >, obtained from VMS of Great Britain and VVS REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA for the use on the spare part.By the plans/layouts (order it is placed in 1999) it is provided for the acquisition of four helicopters < by super- Lynx > in Great Britain (they must enter in 2001 - 2003 years).For the basing of fleet are used five basic VMB:Lumut (Teluk- Moore), Kuantan, Labuan, Penang and Kuching.The number of personnel VMS (to beginning 2001 of year) - 15 400 people (1 450 officers), reserve formations count to 4 000.Staffing VMS is achieved on the voluntary basis.The preparation of commissioned personnel is conducted in the military academy VS (it is created in 1995, after 2000- GO it is planned/glided to increase the yearly release/issue of the officers of all forms VS from 172 to 600 people) and the officer cadet schools (Officher It chadet Schyuool).Privates and noncommissioned officer composition are prepared in the specialties in the training schools of the base preparation (Otyuer Of ranks Of basich Of training Of schyuool) of the forms of the armed forces and the training centers.The basic directions of improvement VMS are provided for: - the formation of submarine forces of fleet with the introduction/input into the fighting strength in 2002 and 2003 years of two PL of the type < Of zvaardvis >, the acquired THE NAVY Netherlands has on the con***ions of lizinga (to five years), and also with the purchase in the Italian firm CHOSMOS of three midget submarines (SmPL of project SSHATS).The first were delivered into Malaysia in 2000 years and at present are passed the repair and the modernization (PL with the displacement of 2 350/2 640 t they will be armed BY PKR < harpoon > and torpedoes, they are equipped with towed GAS).Contract for the acquisition Of smPL is signed in 1999 and provides for their delivery to 2005- mu.The boats with a displacement of 134 t and with a length of 29 m (submersion depth to 150 m) can transport 15 combat.swimmers with the apparatuses PSD (SDV) and to have two THAT the crews Of smPL will pass preparation to Pakistan. - the renovation of the ship composition of fleet due to the acquisition of a series of contemporary korvetov (patrol ships) of project MEKO A of 100 German firms < By blom of und Of foss >.The contract to the delivery of six ships, signed in 2000 years, provides for the production of the sections of first two at the plants in Germany, their delivery/procurement into Malaysia with the subsequent assembling and the completion at the national shipyard in VMB Tyuey lumut (they will be here by pillar constructed and remaining four).Over the long term is possible the building of 21 ad***ional korveta of this type and the acquisition of two frigates of project F -2000. - the modernization of korvetov of the type < Of kasturi > (project FS 1500) with the replacement of obsolete 375- mm of the bomb throwers < Of bofors > by torpedo tubes and the installation of new systems CHISHS, and also RKA of the types < Of perdana > (< Kombatan II &gt and < Khandalan > (< Spica- M &gt with their rearmament to more contemporary PKR < Exocet > mm -40 (instead of mm -38) and by the renovation of radio-electronic means.

- taking organization and staffing measures.In particular, for the purpose of more effective patrolling are sewn exceptional economic zone GO -;udarstva it is planned/glided to form the Malaysian service of the Coast Guard of ^Malaysian It choast Guard To serviche), the center of the preparation VMS Of pelandok it is planned to convert into the naval college, and the training center of the preparation of the privates/rank and file VMS to transfer from Singapore into Malaysia (region Of pendzhelikh, the state/staff Of dzhokhor). - the improvement of the system of basing and logistics of a fleet after;chet the building of new VMB Of teluk-Sepanggar, in 25 km from g. of tomcat -Kinabalu, ptat Sabakh (at the end of works VMB To kiansam it will be liquidated, and VMB Of tabuan it is reorganized in PB and center MTO VMS).Over the long term is examined yuzmozhnost' of building two ad***ional VMB in the district of the cities Of semporna and Langkavi. - raising the level of the professional/occupational training of the soldiers of regulyar-[ykh VMS due to the development of the system of trainers and computer centers for obu-[eniya and an increase in the qualification of the specialists of fleet, revision the forming agent -wx of the programs of military educational institutions and expansion of preparation system after the the ranitsey. - the continuation of military technical collaboration with the states ASEAN, YNZYUK and USA and adjusting VTS with Russia, China and number of other states, - an increase in the social protection, material and medical de -eceni4 of soldiers and discharged from the military service, shortening the periods sluj- y of personnel of regular VMS and reserve formations.VMS of the socialist republic of Vietnam organizationally include the staff g. of Hano1), four BMP, marines, troops of coast defense and aviation MS.In 1998 the command of Coast Guard, which is subordinated to fleet and is completed by patrol launches from its composition, was formed also.Management/manual VMS achieves a commander (regular category - Vice Admiral).In the fighting strength VMS are nine brigades (on one - combat above-water, landing ships, launches, transport vessels, three - the ships of the protection of aqueous region two - marines) and six battalions (on one - submarines, landing ships and launches, on two - trawlers and RKA).In the ship composition VMS are counted 25 warships, including two ultra-low/ultrasmall PL, six frigates (five lungs of the type < Pete > project 159, one - < bars -negat > - the former patrol ship BOKHR OF THE USA Shyuech-e"ya), five rocket korvetov (one types Hq- A of project 1241 A and four - < the tarantula > of project 1241), six landing (three tank-landing types 1-510 and 511-1152 and three small types < midnight > of project 771) and six mine-sweeper ships (two oceanic Tshch types < it is brisk > project 266 and four - < the dormouse > of project 1625), 79 combat launches (eight rocket, nine torpedo, 24 patrol, one river,30 landing and seven mine-sweeper), and also 23 auxiliary ships.The system of basing VMS includes VMB Of khyue, Kamran', Khayfon, Kahn -Txo, Danang and the port of Ho Chi Min.Total number of personnel VMS (to beginning 2001 of year) of 34 thousand people (of them 25 thousand marines).Aviation VMS consists of two squadrons (on one antisubmarine aircraft and helicopters) and is armed with three aircraft of amphibian b -12 and eight helicopters kA -28 coast basing.Troops of coast defense are included:two brigades, six battalions, two rocket and one artillery battalions, four battalions of observation.They are armed with:eight PU PKR, 170 artillery instruments, anti-tank and anti-aircraft weapons - 68 and 61 respectively.
In arsenal of subdivisions and parts of marines are 53 tanks, 218 artillery instruments, 260 anti-tank means (including of 36 PTRK), 156 anti-aircraft guns of caliber 20- mm are above, 142 BTR and BMP.Staffing VS of Vietnam is achieved on the basis of universal military duty.According to law all persons of masculine *** at the age 18 - 27 years are subject to call to the real military service.Period of service three years, for the specialists - four.Call to the military service is produced yearly, its scales are determined by the ministry of defense.Draftees pass initial military training to training units.Commissioned personnel is completed on the voluntary basis, candidates in officers pass instruction to one of two existing/available officer schools.After real military service all persons of masculine *** are enrolled in reserve 1-1 of turn and are assigned to the parts of the local troops.To reserve 2-1 of turn respond those, who did not pass the real military service (they they are enrolled into the people's militia).Basic trends in development VMS are determined by the long-term program of reformation VS up to 2010 years.Its target/purpose is the creation of relatively small armed shaping, equipped with contemporary armament and capable of reliably fulfilling both external, and internal functions.In accordance with the task of guaranteeing the protection of insular territories in the South China sea, are subjected to reorganization 204-4 brigades of coast defense, which is dislocated on about- VAKh Of spratli.Into its composition are introduced seven battalions of coast defense, 12 individual companies, tank and artillery subdivisions, parts of the rear and the technical support.The improvement of combat capabilities VMS is connected, as earlier, with the acquisition of ships and launches in essence of Russian building, including of light frigate, korveta of the type KVO of 2000 projects 2100 (building it can begin in 2002 years).Is financed building two subsequent korvetov of the type Hq- A of project 1241 A (the first it was transmitted TO THE NAVY of Vietnam in 2001 year, to 10 more they can be ordered).They are constructed (in St.-Petersburg) two patrol launches of the type < firefly > (they must be set in 2002- m, Fig. 5), it is planned/glided to build (at the national plants) to 12 PKA of the type < Of stolk-raft > (in ad***ion to four, set by Australia in 1997, mainly for the needs of customs service).With the renewal of military technical collaboration with Russia Vietnam is intended to buy in it, besides combat ships and launches, aircraft Su-27, ZRK and PZRK of different types, radars, the automatic systems for control PVO õ.ă - AIR DEFENSEõ.â in order as far as possible to increase extent of outfitting VMS by contemporary systems V and VT great value is given to an increase in the professionalism of personnel, first of all officers, the level of the operational and combat training of staffs and troops.Toward achieving of these goals it is directed the worker -3st6 of the entire network/grid of military educational institutions and centers.Operational and combat training VMS is conducted on the planned basis and bears ktivnyy nature.Main attention is paid to the maintenance by combat gotovnos- d of ships and parts to conducting of combat operations in the course of defensive and proti-odesantnykh operations with the protection of insular territories and coast, and also rganizatsii of interaction of different forces and their comprehensive guarantee.As a whole, in each of the countries of southeastern Asia there are their special features in groitel'stve of national VS. however for all characteristically tendency toward sozda-iyu of more effective VMS and VVS under the con***ions of budgetary limitations and zavisi- Justi from the economic possibilities of state.
The contemporary state VMS of the majority of the countries YUVA, in spite of prinya-ye measures, does not completely satisfy the contemporary requirements of conducting combat Day -tvi1, including on the fulfillment of the tasks, connected/bonded with the protection of state mteresov, sovereignty and territorial integrity.Greatest rezul6- ates in the military building reached/achieved Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, coto bark ->ye, having available sufficient financial means, could buy the sovre-alo to an increase in the combat capabilities of their armed forces.Most facet -[ennymi resources/lifetimes are arranged/located Laos, Cambodia M'yanma, respectively their/hastes in this direction are less noticeable.But practically all countries of region ymeyut the low level of their own military output and, as a result, in goy or another degree they depend on deliveries V and VT, especially complex in tekhniches-(om sense samples, because of the boundary.After the economic crisis of 1997/1998 years practically all states - members ASEAN developed the short term and long-term programs of the growth of war potential.Their analysis with western experts leads to the conclusion/derivation that the basic ways of reforming VMS the countries YUVA yell -gntirovany for the correction of the conceptual directions of their combat employment, the maintenance in peacetime of not numerous in composition, but well prepared and equipped with the contemporary weapon systems forces;a reduction in the number of personnel, the reorganization of the organs of highest military control for the purpose of the exception/elimination of the duplicating command components/links.Priority attention is given to increase in the combat capabilities of fleets due to the purchase of contemporary combat ships, aircraft and helicopters, to creation of submarine forces, what already they approached Indonesia, Singapore, Vietnam and they were finished/prepared Malaysia and Thailand.To the purchases of armaments and military technology the countries YUVA spent significant sums.Thus, in period 1990 - 1996 expen***ures for these targets/purposes only of seven leading states of region (Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, M'yanmy, Vietnam) composed about 12 billion dollars OF THE USA rest they are designed in basic for deliveries V and VT under the long-term cre***s or within the framework of the military aid of the highly developed countries, and also for the modernization of the consisting in arsenal samples of armaments for the purpose of their maximum approximation/approach to a level of contemporary.

NAVY - ZVO - 01/2002 VMS OF THE COUNTRIES of southeastern ASIA - MEMBERS OF ORGANIZATION ASEAN the captain of 2 ranks D.PEVTSOV geographically southeastern Asia (YUVA) includes peninsula Indochina and Malacca, about- VA large and small probe, Molukkskiye and Philippines, and also the water area of Indian and Pacific Oceans, into which enter the seas:Andaman, south China, Philippines, Javanese, Sulu, Sulavesi, Arafurskoye, TI- sea and band.In the territory of region by total area about 4,5 million km2 (with the population of more than 510 million people) are placed ten states:Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines, Thailand, M'yanma, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, Singapore and Bruney.The countries YUVA are arranged/located the large reserves of many forms of minerals (tin - 60 pct. of world's supplies, tungsten - about 40, chromites - 20, natural rubber - 80 pct., and also oil, gas, copper, lead, zinc, gland, nickel, bauxites, gold and silver).Through the sea and pouring zones YUVA (straits/spills Malaccan, Makassar, probe archipelago pass international sea communications from Europe, Near East and Africa to the Far East and to THE USA, which have strategic value.Their importance is explained, in particular, by the fact that about 70 pct. of the entire crude oil and other working media, which obtain Japan, China and republic of Korea, are reached by the sea through the water areas of Indian and Pacific Oceans.Here lie sea and airways into South Asia important for America and to the Near East.All ten countries YUVA enter into regional organization < the association of the states of southeastern Asia > (ASEAN), which was created during August 1967 in Bangkok (Thailand) on the basis of declaration, primordial signed by the representatives five countries:Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Philippines.Subsequently by the members of association became Bruney (1984), Vietnam (1995), Laos and M'yanma (1997), Cambodia (1999).As its goals ASEAN officially proclaims assistance to the acceleration of the economic, social and cultural development of participating countries, guarantee of a peace/world and stability, strengthening intergovermental connections/communications and total collaboration in YUVA.The influence of the countries of southeastern Asia on the processes proceeding in the last decade in the Asian- Pacific Ocean region substantially grows/rises with the changes in the international military-political situation and the world economy.ASEAN is considered one of the successfully acting organizations themselves in the world, which forms the new center of providing safety not only of regional, but also global scale.At the same time tendency toward strengthening of the armed forces of states YUVA (, first of all, in the national interests) can lead to the aggravation of intra-regional contradictions and questionable problems.At present between the countries of region there is a large number of outstanding territorial disputes, for example between Philippines and Malaysia about the belonging of Malaysian state/staff Sabakh (Is. Kalimantan (Borneo)), about razgranichenii'kontinental'nogo shelf, economic zones, the demarcation of the land borders between Malaysia and Vietnam, Kambodzhey and Vietnam, Kambodzhey and by Thailand, mutual claims to a number of the islands between Vietnam and Indonesia, Philippines and Indonesia, Indonesia and Malaysia, Malaysia and Singapore, Malaysia and Philippines, Malaysia and Bruneyem.
The existing/available contradictions between the states YUVA are aggravated by differences in the economic development, the political device/equipment, the religion and the culture, which leads to the unpredictability of the development of the military-political situation in the region, which is characterized in the present period by relative stability (absence, at least, the open intergovermental conflict situations).However, the intersection here of the interests of the leading powers of peace/world, the fight between them for the domination, the presence of a number of the unresolved problems and contradictions at any time can lead to a dangerous increase in the intensity/strength.In all countries YUVA the armed forces, including VMS, play large role in guarantee and maintenance of regional stability and national security, in connection with how their modernization and to the development, including along the line of military collaboration on the double-sided and polygonal basis, is paid serious attention.VMS of the sultanate Of bruney are small, although they are the independent form of the armed forces.They contain the flotilla of launches, river battalion, battalion of kommandos (Spechial Chombat Of stsuadron) and the squadron of base patrol aviation (BPA).Primary tasks VMS are:support operation of ground forces in the coastal zones, the protection of the sea oil-extracting complexes in the limits of exceptional economic zone, and also the fulfillment of police functions.Only naval base (VMB) - moire - is found 25 km northeast of the capital.Management/manual VMS Achieves A commander.Ship composition includes:three rocket launches RKA of the type < Of uaspada > (PCHFG, Fig. 1) with the displacement of 206 t, by armed two PKR mm -38 < Exocet >, 30- mm coupled AU < Oerlikon > and by two 7.62-mm machine guns;three patrol launches (PKA) of the type < Of pervira > (PCCh) with the displacement of 38 t with two 20- mm AU < Oerlikon > and 7.62-mm machine guns;two assault crafts (DKA) of the type < Of teraban > (LCHU) with the displacement of 220 t and by load capacity 100 t;15 high-speed boats of the type < Of rigid Of reyder >;two cargo launches of the type < Of sheverton Of loudmasters > (YFU) by load capacity 32 t and one auxiliary - < Burong of Noury >.In the air squadron BPA count three aircraft Of chn-2eshch Of mk2/l 10 MRA. furthermore, VMS attend three auxiliary helicopters (in -105, S -70a Bell 212).According to the data of reference book ZHFS 2001 - 2002, to beginning 2001 of year the total number of personnel VMS was 747 people (including 58 officers OF VMS, six officers even 114 sergeants and the Privates of the battalion of kommandos).As the reserve component VMS can be used to 13 coastal and river patrol launches from the composition of the royal police Bruneya, and for the transport transportation - 59 vessels of commercial fleet (with general/common displacement of 362 010 t).Staffing fleet is achieved on the voluntary basis, in this case the minimum period of contract is three years.To the service start both the citizens Of bruneya and the foreigners.
Training officer frames/personnel is conducted in the training center Of tutong camp, also, abroad (Australia, Great Britain, Malaysia), and series and noncommissioned officer composition - in the schools VMS (all into Penandzhong camp, Bandar-Seri-Begavan).Easily vulnerable to the external threats because of the small territory and weak VS, Bruney ensures their state sovereignty in essence due to the political and military contracts, the agreements and the connections/communications with the foreign states (protocol about the collaboration of October 1989 and memorandum about the mutual understanding from 1994- GO in the region of defense with Great Britain;Agreement about the collaboration in the region of defense with Australia from 1985;Memorandum about the serviceman of collaboration with THE USA from 1994- GO, which foresees, in particular, conducting joint exercises and regular approaches of American ships into the ports Of bruneya;intercommunications inside ASEAN and with THE UNITED NATIONS).The plans/layouts of modernization VMS and increase in their combat potential provide for the arrogant project of building in Great Britain at the shipyard < the steep bank -rou of shipbilders > of three korvetov of the type < Of bruney > (in Malaysian type version < By lek'yu &gt.The first two ships were placed in 1999, and transfer Bruneyu of head was planned on 2002-1.The ships, whose full load displacement will be 1940 t, is planned to arm PKR mm -40 < Exocet > (eight), ZRK < the Sea Wolf > (16), 76- mm AU < by super- Of repid >, two 20- mm AU < Oerlikon >, two 3-pipe 324- mm THAT, by system of control of the weapon NAUTIS Of mk2 of English company.However, as it is noted in west OF THE SMI, can arise serious problems with preparation and staffing of crews of these ships.In 1997 was accepted also the solution about the acquisition in France 59 PKR of the type < Exocet > different modifications.Evaluating the general state VMS Of bruneya, western reviewers note that economic position the financial possibilities of state make it possible if necessary to separate/liberate for their needs significant means.However, the small population of sultanate and the unattractiveness of military service in comparison with other forms of state activity continue to remain some of the basic obstacles on the way of the normal development of both VMS and VS Of bruneya as a whole.

VMS Of the republic Of Philippines.Navy as the independent form VS of the country include three basic commands:fleet (in its composition and naval aviation), marines (MP) and Coast Guard (BOKHR).In 1996 four operational commands VMS were created (northern, southern, central and Western).Furthermore, into composition VMS enter three engineer construction battalions even 30 intelligence and sabotage detachments (SEAL of teams).Management/manual of Navy achieves a commander (Vice Admiral) through its substituent (rear admiral).The total number of personnel VMS to beginning 2001 of year reached 20 900 people (10 300 - fleet, 7 600 - MP and 3 000 - BOKHR), reserve counts 18 000 people.The command of fleet is basic component VMS.In its fighting strength are counted 14 warships (frigate even 13 korvetov), 48 patrol launches, eight landing ships (LST/LSV) and 47 assault crafts (LCHM/LCHU), classified at present as transport vessels, and also two auxiliary transports, four tankers, repair vessel several harbor tugs.The subdivisions of naval aviation include seven base patrol aircraft F2"mp and seven helicopters vo-105s -105s of ship basing.Commander heads fleet (rear admiral).Marines contains three brigades (two combat and one guarantees), which include ten infantry battalions (of them one by number approximately 700 people it is used as the forces of rapid scanning), the regiment of support, the group of maintenance/servicing, two separate battalions - reconnaissance and protection.Heads MP commander (brigadier general), and in its arsenal consist 85 floating BTR, 150 howitzers of the caliber of 105 mm, and also 107- mm mortars.The command of Coast Guard unites eight regions, 47 points/items and 154 subdivisions BOKHR, and also four pilot boat even 58 patrol launches.It solves the problems of patrolling shore line with the length of 36 289 km (with the assistance of fleet).The system of basing and logistics OF VMS includes five VMB (You sangey-Poynt/Kavite, Maktan, San- Vicente, To ternate, Zanboanga) and nine PB (Balabne, BO -nifacio.To sky, Davao, Legaspi, Pagaspi, princess San Miguel, Takloban and Ulu- Ghana).20 large ports can also be used for the basing of the naval forces.By the plans/layouts of the improvement VMS, which are accomplished within the framework of the government program of the reformation VS of the republic, calculated for 15 years (1996-2010), is provided for the purchase of new and the modernization of the consisting in arsenal samples V and VT the development of infrastructure, raising the level of the professional/occupational training of soldiers, including via exchange of experience and participation in the ovmestnykh studies with THE NAVY OF THE USA, Great Britain, France and Australia, and also > azvitiye of military technical collaboration with the republic of Korea and Japan.
VMS of republic Singapore as independent form VS obrazovanye in 1975 ode, organizationally include staff (in VMB Of tuas) and four commands:fleet, Coast Guard, MTO and training.The general/common management/manual of forces achieves yachal'nik of the staff (of commanding) VMS (rear admiral).The number of personnel (to beginning 2001 of year) of 4 500 people (of them 1 800 draftees, remaining -ntraktniki), in the reserve is counted 5 000 people.VMS have available 32 battle -ymi ships, (four PL, of six korvetov URO, 12 patrol ships, to che-yre WE ENDEAVOR even six landing -(lchl, LPD/LST), and also 163 by launches (six frKA, 12 PKA.134 DKA and 11 launches special-NAZ, the ensuring combat swimmers -vololazov).Furthermore, in the presence of approximately 450 assault (river) launches.Aviation VMS is equipped with 11 carrier-baseds helicopter Of chyu-ya"d, which rest, ^ korvetakh, by five aircraft BPA < Of foker > Of fshch0, which regularly enter into composition VVS, but have summary crews, completed by crew VVS and VMS, and four E -2s < of Hawkeyes >.Fleet includes submarine forces, and also 1- yu and 3- yu of the flotilla of surface ships and launches.Management/manual by them achieves the commander of the navy (rear admiral).Submarine forces are presented by 171-1 squadron in the composition of four PL of the type < Of s'eormen > (A 12) of the Swedish building (shipyard < Of kokkums &gt of 1968 - 1969.Two of them - < conqueror > (Fig. 2) and < Chieftains > are transmitted after the modernization VMS of Singapore in 2000 and 2001 years, two others - < Challenger > and < centurion > - to 2003- GO remain in Sweden for training of Singapore crews.In 1- yu flotilla enter six korvetov of the type < Of viktori > (188-4 squadrons, Fig. 3), 12 patrol ships of the type < Of fearless > (189-4 and 182-4 squadrons) and six rocket launches of the type < of SI of vulf >, into 3- yu - landing ships and launches, and also coastal PKA in the composition of reserve squadron.The command of Coast Guard includes 2- yu flotilla (two battalions) in the composition of four mine-sweeper ships (WE ENDEAVOR) of the type < Of bedok >, 12 PKA of the type < Swift > and the diving tender < Jupiter >, and also the coast stations RLS of control of the air and above-water situation and small patrol (police) launches.Into the tasks of command enters the guarantee of protection of territorial waters state (including control of airspace in the coastal zone), and also conducting search and rescue and other operations in the zone of Singapore strait/spill in interaction with the police BOKHR and the customs service.Since 1993, in the correspondence to concluded/included double-sided agreement, VMS of Singapore and Indonesia accomplish regular joint patrolling of the water area of this strait/spill.Sea police service (1 000 people of personnel, to 90 patrol launches of different displacement, all formerly in the arsenal VMS) is the reserve of Navy, just as the commercial fleet of Singapore, which includes 1 393 vessels with a summary tonnage of 19 of 750 385 brt.Command MTO is formed in 1986 for the realization of all forms of the logistics of Navy.Organizationally into its composition enter VMB Of tuas, Changi and Sembavang (for each - company of protection, repair enterprises with its storages and medical center), computer center and other services MTO. basic ship-building shipyards they are found in g. Singapore.
Training command answers for preparation and improvement of the qualification of all categories of personnel VMS yearly best officers and non-comissioned officers are bound for commanding staff and other special courses, including abroad.The representatives OF VMS regularly participate in the international naval symposia, the seminars and the conferences.As the training ship is used auxiliary DK < sir Lanselot > (LSL), acquired in Great Britain in 1992.Main programs of development VMS, besides those already completed to 2001 year - building of four tank landing ships of the type < of endyu-rans > (LPD/LST, Fig. 4) and acquisition in Sweden of submarines, and also building 12 patrol ships of the type < Of fearless > (1999- m).is included purchase in France () six frigates of the type < Lafayette > (modified) with displacement to 3 000 yew-tree by platform for the helicopter (head it will be built in France to 2005- mu, rest - at the national shipyard < Singapore tekno-lodzhis > with the transfer to the fleet of the latter 2009- m), further improvement of the landing possibilities of fleet by the acquisition of landing air-cushion crafts (DKVP) of the type < of Tigers -40 >, and also the building of training center in VMB Of changi.Provision is made for further strengthening and development of double-sided relations and military technical collaboration with THE USA and other states, in particular with India - on the programs of training personnel VMS and the mutual exchange of the students of military educational institutions, conducting joint exercises with the countries of region.VMS of kingdom Thailand are the independent form of the armed forces.On them are assigned a mission of the protection of national interests in the Siamese (Thailand) molded edge/gulf and the Andaman sea, defense of the coast of the country, protection of territorial waters and economic zone, patrolling boundary with Laos r. the Mekong and internal rivers, and also interaction with the allies in the case of the appearance of the armed conflicts in southeastern Asia.The general/common management/manual VMS accomplishes a commander-in-chief OF VS of Thailand, and direct - commanding (Admiral), to which are subordinated staff (Bangkok), central administrations, fleet, the marines, the command coast and air defense and the command of Coast Guard.

The ship composition VMS of Thailand counts 36 warships, including one light aircraft carrier (AULUS < Chakri It narubet >, Fig. 5), six FR URO, six frigates, eight korvetov, seven mine-sweeper and eight landing ships, 131 combat launch (six rocket, three artillery, 55 PKA, 55 DKA and 12 KTSHCH), more than 100 river and landing low-tonnage launches and boats, and also 19 auxiliary ships.Ships and ships, stocked up abroad compose their large part (in THE USA, China, Italy, Singapore, Spain, Germany, Great Britain, republic of Korea).On the national shipyards (on the foreign projects) are built only three korveta, two tank-landing ships, mine layer, 44 launches even eight auxiliary ships.Total number of personnel VMS (according to the data of the reference book < Of dzheyns of fayting shaft 2001 - 2002 &gt of 74 thousand people.Fleet organizationally consists of staff, seven squadrons:frigates (two), destroyer escorts, landing ships, trawlers, patrol launches and auxiliary ships, training command, three naval regions and fleet aviation.The staff of fleet for its structure and decided tasks is analogous to staff VMS (commander of the navy - Admiral).squadrons are the connections of the uniform naval forces and have individual structure.Organizationally each of them includes from two to five battalions, completed, as a rule, by the ships of one class.1-4 squadrons of frigates are main striking force VMS, intended for dealing with the surface ships of enemy.Three battalions enter into its composition:frigates URO, korvetov and rocket launches (RKA).2-4 it is intended mainly for the solution of the problems of antisubmarine defense and includes two battalions - frigates and korvetov, equipped with the torpedo and artillery armament (two FR they are used predominantly as the training ships).The staffs of all squadrons and warships are based on two VMB - Bangkok and Sattakhip (main thing), and launch and vessels - in the points/items of the basing (PB) Of songkla and Pkhangnga.The training command of fleet organizes and is monitored training personnel VMS in its training centers.In its subordination it has a battalion of training ships, which is staffed by the obsolete frigates and training ships from the number of auxiliary.The staff of command is arranged/located in GVMB Of sattakhip.Naval regions (BMP) in peacetime are intended for the comprehensive logistics of the forces of navy and maintenance of the corresponding regime/con***ions in their zones of responsibility, and into the serviceman - for organizing the combat operations in these zones (with the transfer to their subordination of combat ships and launches from the composition of fleet).Zone of the responsibility of first BMPstaff in GVMB Of sattakhip) - the eastern part of the Thailand molded edge/gulf;the second (PB Of songkkhla) - the water area of the western part of the Thailand molded edge/gulf;The third (PB Of pkhangnga) - The water area Of Andaman Sea.