MISSILE, GPS, GIS, GSM, SCADA SỰ THẬT LÀ NHƯ THẾ NÀO?

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Development Strategy of Posts _ Telecommunications Science, Technology and Industry until 2020.
Vietnam_s P _ T development
URL http://www.vnpt.com.vn/Vnpt/Plans/PlanKHCN2020.html
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Owing to the strategy of applying latest technologies, automatisation and multi-services, P _ T sector has made remarkable achievements in building modern P _ T network.
The international telecommunications network has grown quickly, equipped with modern equipment such as 3 gateway switchboards and 8 land stations (belonging to INTELSAT and INTERSPUTNIK). The equipment enables direct communication channels to nearly 30 countries and communication retransmission channels to more than 200 countries. In early 1996, a marine optical cable system named T-V-H (Thailand-Vietnam-Hongkong) with the speed of 565 Mb/s (equivalent to 7,000 voice channels) was put into operation.
A North-South backbone with microwave bandwidth of 140 Mb/s, and SDH optical cable of 2.5 Gb/s can meet communication need in the years to come. Level 1-network was equipped with digital microwave transmission equipment using PDH and SDH technology at the speed of 2 Mbit/s - 155 Mbit/s and SDH optical cable at the speed of 155 Mbit/s to 2.2 Gbit/s. All the communes have been equipped with electronic switchboards and digital transmission.
Copper, wireless and optical cables have been mainly used in the access network. TDMA wireless local loop has been implemented in rural telecommunications systems, like DRMAS and IRT. Wireless local loop using ETDMA technology is being implemented for subscription growth in Hanoi and HCMC. Access networks using optical cables are in pilot stage in both Hanoi and HCMC. Wireless local loop systems using SDH optical cables 622 Mbit/s and 2.5 Gbit/s have been in commission in Hanoi and HCMC as a positive move for optical cables to reach subscribers.
lnformatics has actually been integrated into P _ T, facilitating to better the quality, management and become potential service. lnformatics has been applied to posts by implementing the POSTNET system (high speed on-line network) for tracing mail and opening electronic mail. The application of tele-publishing technology has shortened newspaper distribution times, bar code technology has been applied to EMS service.
The application of modern technologies to P _ T network nationwide paves the way for the formation of upcoming information super highway. With such capacity and modern technology, provision of P _ T services has made a great leap in contributing to the State and Party management and leadership as well as to meet diversified needs by the users.
Voice services: After telephone network has been basically digitalised, voice traffic has increasingly gone up. The total number of telephone subscribers reached 1,913,962 (equivalent to 2.45 telephones / 100 inhabitants) until October 1998. GSM mobile service has grown very quickly, covering all the centers of provinces and cities nationwide. GSM mobile phone subscribers reached over 194,778 until October 1998.
Data transmission: Packet data transmission network has been built with 5 main nodes in Hanoi, HCMC, Danang, Vung Tau, Hai Phong and more than 30 small switchboards in other provinces and cities, meeting the national need, especially the need of banks, companies and enterprises. lnternet service was inaugurated on November 19,1997 Internet subscribers reached 14,287 until late October 1998. Internet is mainly committed to scientific research, education and training, tourism and trade.
Postal services: In ad***ion to tra***ional services such as mail, newspaper distribution, etc, many new services (Express Mail Service, Express Money Service, Flower Message Service, etc.) have been provided to meet social demand not only in big cities but also in almost all provinces and cities nationwide. EMS help Hanoi and HCMC-based customers send and receive mail within 24 hours and those in other 27 provinces within 36-48 hours.
VN_s P _ T sector also focussed on building P _ T industry hand in hand with network development and exploitation. Industrial factories have been modernised *****pply good-quality network products such as small-capacity digital switchboards, digital microwave of 2 Mbit/s and 8 Mbit/s, copper cables and telephones, etc. To quickly move closer and master advanced technologies and absorb foreign investment, P _ T sector has co-operated with its big partners to build hi-tech equipment-manufacturing joint ventures (JVs). Until now, there have been 4 switchboard-manufacturing JVs, 1 SDH transmission equipment - manufacturing JV, 1 JV manufacturing telephone cables filled by petroleum jelly and 2 optical cable-manufacturing JVs. Although P _ T industry is small-scaled, it helps the sector save hard currencies, self-support in its manufacturing for high-speed development and it is also a preparation for VN_s P _ T sector to step in foreign markets.
Development strategy of Posts-Telecommunications-informatics until 2020.
Based on its achievements and experience, VN_s P _ T sector has spelled out Development strategy of P _ T science, technology and industry until 2020 with the target: P _ T sector will achieve advanced technology capacity in the region, meet the need of information and mastering of National Information Infrastructure (NII). NII is based on B-ISDN, ATM, SDH technology and bandwidth access.
Telecommunications network technology:
+ Until 2000: Transfer to ISDN network from IDN network as a prerequisite to build B-ISDN and VN_s information highway.
+ From 2001 to 2010: Expand ISDN network, step by step transform to B-ISDN network.
+ From 2011 to 2020: Basically finish building NIl and implementing ATM/B-ISDN and optical technology in the whole network.
Switching technology:
+ Until 2010: Expand and upgrade data transmission network using fast packet switching technology to provide high-speed data transmission service; transform to signal system No.7 in the whole network; put ISDN switchboards into operation and apply ATM switchboards to backbone nodes and to the big cities: experiment optical switchboard systems.
+ From 2011 to 2020: Complete the implementation of ATM switchboards to local cables to provide customers with B-ISDN services, implement optical switching systems in the backbone nodes.
Transmission technology: P _ T will realise its strategy aiming at cablising the network using SDH technology. Level-2 network routes to communes will be cablised until 2010. Preparation is underway to launch VN_s communications satellite by the year 2001 to broadcast nationwide, develop rural telecommunications for defence and security and provide supplement channels for public telecoms network.
Access network:
From now to 2000:
+ Establish CDMA or TDMA wireless local loop as a supplement measure to expand access network.
+ Implement high-speed transmission solutions (ADSL/HDSL) on copper cables to customers.
+ Test optical cables technology to the subscribers for heavy customers.
From 2001 to 2010:
+ Implement optical cables on subscriber network using fiber-to-the-building and fiber-to-the-curb technology (FTTB/FTTC) at residential and commercial areas and using fiber-to-the-home technology to customers with demand of bandwidth services.
+ Test and implement bandwidth and optical wireless local loop technology.
From 2010 to 2020:
+ Build up local optical cable network *****bscribers group and to the house to provide multi-services to customers such as telephone, data transmission, broadcasting, etc.
Mobile communications technology:
From now to 2010:
+ Implement CDMA and W-CDMA technology.
+ Apply mobile communications technology through satellite.
+ Implement 2-way paging system and voice paging.
From 2011 to 2020:
+ Implement bandwidth mobile communications technology.
+ Integrate fixed and mobile network into complete personal information network.
Postal technology:
From now to 2000:
+ Computerise postal activities in all provincial centres.
+ Automate sorting stages in big cities.
+ Mechanise transportation network to district level.
From 2001 to 2010:
+ Computerise postal activities in all commune centres.
+ Automate sorting stages and mechanise transportation network to commune level.
+ Test and perfect cultural post office points model.
P _ T industry development:
+ Establish modern P _ T industry, build up technical facilities strong enough to meet domestic needs and to export with such orientations as followings:
+ Develop hi-tech P _ T industry with the oriented telecorns - electronics broadcasting connection with average annual growth rate of 30-35%.
+ Step by step localise industrial products; enhance Vietnamese labour value in Vietnamese products to 30-40% by the year 2005, 70-80% by 2020; develop telecommunications software made in VN to meet domestic and export need until 2010.
+ Based on labour division trend and international manufacturing specialisation, promote manufacturing of Vietnamese products with comparative advantage with ASEAN countries.
+ Boost development of software industry; software turnover accounting 1 0% until 2005 and 25-30% of total P _ T industry turnover until 2010.
+ Promote obtaining and transferring technology, especially software technology to master imported technology and to develop VN-owned industry; up to 2000 master both hardware and software technology of import-substituted switchboards systems with capacity under 2000 lines; master software of management, exploit maintenance of large capacity switchboard system and transmission system to master design technology; up to 2010 master design technology and develop software module of large capacity switchboard system; enable to self-develop application software for new services, network management and exploitation.
Promoting the development of telecommunications services:
From 1998 to 2000:
+ Continue to improve quality of service and expand operation scope to the rural, mountainous and islands areas, all communes connecting to the telephone network by 2000 and mobile subscriber reaching 400,000 - 500,000.
+ Develop lnternet service to all provinces by 2000, especially for scientific research centres and colleges; provide lnternet service to 0.3 0.5% of the population by 2000 at acceptable price.
+ Expand the scope of provision of such services as video conference, videophone early stage of development of LAN/WAN connection service through high-speed data transmission network, on-line medical service, on-line education, on-line management, on-line shopping, on-line entertainment, etc.
+ Prioritise develop services with big demand and high business ability electronic commerce applications to create favourable con***ions for commercial transactions through telecommunication informatics network.
+ Continue to develop tra***ional postal services; diversify and multi-levelise existing services based on demand; set out different level of quality, different pricing for services; supplement value-added services; implement Communal Cultural Post Office Points to step by step socialise P _ T services.
+ Develop newly - popularised postal services in ASEAN and Asia-Pacific region, especially high-quality EMS, advertisement service, Bureauxfax and email service.
+ Set up new postal financial services.
From 2001:
+ Popularise basic P _ T services for socio-economic development of rural, mountainous and island areas and public awareness improvement; continue to expand and perfect Communal Cultural Post Office Points to pave the way for establishing multi-purpose community telecentres.
+ Expand the scope of provision of such services as lnternet, electronic commerce, multimedia (video conference, LAN, on-line shopping, on-line medical service, on-line education, on-line management, entertainment, etc) which have been developed in the stage 1998-2000.
+ Develop interactive video service, on-demand video, high-fidelity television, high-quality broadcasting on the basis of using cabled IN using TAM/SDH technology.
+ Strongly develop postal financial services, namely postal savings, postal cheques, money super-express, postal insurance, pension payment, etc.
+ Develop payment service using telecommunications service, cable broadcasting, etc.
+ Dominate market of new servicespening domestic and international DATAPOST, POST and EMAIL.
The world is entering the information society with the task o build Global Information infrastructure to require every country to build complete and modern National Information infrastructure as an important ink in GIl. Telecommunications informatics - broadcasting convergence will provide new services however these require uniform macro-management mechanism for above-mentioned sectors. Currently Science Technology _ Environment Ministry is perfecting VN_s Scientific and technological Development Strategy until 2020 to develop Science Technology for efficient contribution to national idustrialisation and modernisation and building an industrial VN by 2020. In that on context, development strategy of _ T science technology and industry until 2020 by DGPT has greatly contributed to VN_s science technology and development strategy until 2020 and improving P _ T sectors technology level to enter strong the information society in the 21th century.
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Xem tiếp CHƯƠNG 22 VIỄN THÔNG: CÁC HỆ THỐNG ĐIỂM TỚI ĐIỂM VÀ DI ĐỘNG.
(ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS'' HANDBOOK của McGRAW HILL BOOK COMPANY Bản Tiếng Việt)
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Được lan0303 sửa chữa / chuyển vào 04:07 ngày 09/08/2005

Dù sao đi nữa xin cảm ơn bạn về công nghệ CDMA, mình sẽ cố gắng đọc thôi chứ biết làm sao nhỉ!!!
Mình cũng rất bận, nếu có thời gian như các bạn thì hay biết mấy!!!

... Học tiếng Anh ...
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Mục tiêu chính của viễn thông Việt nam giai đoạn 2001-2005
http://www.vnpt.com.vn/Vnpt/Plans/kh2005.htm
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1.Đối với mạng và dịch vụ viễn thông:
?Tối ưu hoá mạng lưới theo 2 cấp nội hạt và đường dài, ứng dụng công nghệ truy nhập hiện đại
?Phấn đấu đạt mật độ điện thoại khoảng 8 máy/100 người dân vào năm 2005 tương đương khoảng 7 triệu máy điện thoại (trong đó có khoảng 2,2 triệu thuê bao di động)
?Dịch vụ điện thoại tới 100% các xã
?Phát triển mới năng lực viễn thông quốc tế bằng cáp quang trên biển, đất liền và bằng vệ tinh
?Triển khai chiến lược cáp quang hoá, xây dựng các đường cáp quang liên tỉnh tốc độ 2,5 Gb/s và cao hơn
?Tuyến truyền dẫn cấp tỉnh xuống huyện, xã chủ yếu dùng viba số, cáp quang từ 2 Mb/s tới 34 Mb/s và cao hơn nữa
?Thực hiện từng bước cáp quang hoá trong mạng nội hạt
?Dự kiến phóng vệ tinh viễn thông nội địa trước năm 2002 và thông tin di động dùng công nghệ CDMA
?Thiết lập mạng truyền số liệu quốc gia nối với mạng quốc tế phục vụ cho việc phát triển kỹ thuật tin học
?Nâng cấp dung lượng mạng Internet và phát triển các dịch vụ gia tăng trên Internet, thương mại điện tử, số thuê bao Internet dự kiến khoảng 1 triệu thuê bao đến năm 2005
?Thiết lập và phát triển mạng dịch vụ di động WAP, GPRS, 3G/IMT-2000
?Thiết lập và phát triển việc cung cấp đa dịch vụ thoại, video, truyền số liệu
?Phát triển dịch vụ viễn thông đào tạo, hội nghị truyền hinh, y tế từ xa
?Phát triển dịch vụ Frame Relay và mở rộng dịch vụ ISDN băng rộng trong toàn quốc để tăng khả năng truy nhập tốc độ cao vào mạng Internet
?Thiết lập một số dự án: Trung tâm quản lý mạng lưới viễn thông (TMN), Trung tâm dịch vụ khách hàng (CSS), thông tin vệ tinh tầm thấp, cáp quang đường Trường Sơn, thông tin di động qua vệ tinh, mạng thông tin kinh tế biển
2.Trong lĩnh vực công nghiệp viễn thông: Tổ chức thêm các dây chuyền sản xuất có chứng chỉ ISO:
?Sản xuất tổng đài kỹ thuật số cung cấp cho mạng lưới
?Sản xuất cáp đồng và cáp quang với các loại có dung lượng lớn và vừa
?Sản xuất thiết bị viba số, thiết bị truyền dẫn quang, các thiết bị đầu cuối và các thiết bị ngoại vi khác (điện thoại, máy nhắn tin, máy điện thoại di động, máy Fax, thẻ điện thoại trả trước, thẻ SIM..)
?Sản xuất, lắp ráp các hệ thống thông tin vô tuyến
?Đẩy mạng công nghiệp phần mềm, phấn đấu sẽ làm chủ được phần mềm cho các sản phẩm viễn thông có thương hiệu Việt Nam.
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Major objectives of Vietnam?Ts posts & telecommunications sector in the 2001-2005 period
http://www.vnpt.com.vn/Vnpt/Plans/objectives.htm
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1.Regarding the telecommunications network and services:

-Optimizing the existing telecommunications network at local and long-distance levels, applying modern access technology
-Trying to reach a teledensity of 8 lines/100 inhabitants by the year 2005, equal to a total of seven million telephone lines in the entire country (including 2.2 million of mobile phone subscribers)
-All communes across the country having access to telephone network
-Enhancing the international telecommunications capacity by submarine and terrestrial optic fiber cables and satellites
-Implementing the opticalization strategy, installing inter-provincial optic fiber cables having a capacity of 2.5 Gbps and more
-Using mainly digital microwave and optic fiber cable with a capacity from 2-34 Mbps and more for transmission from provincial to district and commune levels
-Step by step opticalizing local networks
-Launching the domestic telecommunications satellite before the year 2002 and using CDMA technology for mobile communications
-Establishing the national data transmission network which is to be connected to the international network to serve the development of the country?Ts information technology (IT)
-Improving the capacity of the Internet, and developing value added services on the Internet and e-commerce alike, with an expected one million Internet subscribers by the year 2005
-Establishing and developing wireless application protocol (WAP), general packet radio service (GPRS) and 3G/IMT-2000 mobile communications service networks
-Introducing and diversifying the provision of voice multimedia, video and data transmission services
-Developing telecommunications services for distant learning, teleconferencing and telemedicine
-Developing frame relay service, and enhancing wideband ISDN services throughout the country to improve the possibility of high-speed access into the Internet
-Carrying out a number of projects: Telecommunications management network centers (TMNs), customer service centers (CSCs), low-orbit satellite communications, the cable network along the Truong Son superhighway, mobile communications using satellite and marine economic information system
2.Regarding industrial production activities of the sector: More production lines meeting ISO standards due to be established for:
-Manufacturing digital exchanges *****pply for the network
-Producing high and medium capacity copper and optic fiber cables
-Manufacturing digital microwave equipment, optical transmission equipment, terminal equipment and other peripheral equipment (telephone sets, pagers, mobile phones, facsimile machines, pre-paid telephone cards, SIM cards...)
-Manufacturing and assembling wireless communications systems
-Boosting the development of the domestic software industry, being capable of supplying all necessary software programs to made-in-Vietnam telecommunications products
(Tài liệu của VNPT)

THIẾT BỊ CHUYỂN MẠCH:
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HỆ THỐNG TỔNG ĐÀI ĐIỆN THOẠI KỸ THUẬT SỐ NEAX61 (VINECO)
Xem: http://www.vnpt.com.vn/Vnpt/Science_Technology/spcn2002/CHUONG%201/chuong1-1NEXA61.htm
HỆ THỐNG ALCATEL 1000MM E10 (ANSV)
Xem: http://www.vnpt.com.vn/Vnpt/Science_Technology/spcn2002/CHUONG%201/chuong1-2ALCATEL.htm
EWSD (TELEQ)
Xem: http://www.vnpt.com.vn/Vnpt/Science_Technology/spcn2002/CHUONG%201/chuong1-3EWSD.htm
STAREX - VK (VKX)
Xem: http://www.vnpt.com.vn/Vnpt/Science_Technology/spcn2002/CHUONG%201/chuong1-4Starex-VK.htm
STAREX-WLL THIẾT BỊ VÔ TUYẾN MẠCH VÒNG NỘI HẠT CDMA (VKX)
Xem: http://www.vnpt.com.vn/Vnpt/Science_Technology/spcn2002/CHUONG%201/chuong1-5Starex-WLL.htm
STAREX-IS HỆ THỐNG TỔNG ĐÀI DI ĐỘNG CDM (VKX)
Xem: http://www.vnpt.com.vn/Vnpt/Science_Technology/spcn2002/CHUONG%201/chuong1-6Starex-IS.htm
.......
(Tài liệu của VNPT)
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Tọa độ có lửa http://www3.ttvnol.com/gdqp/499272/trang-5.ttvn
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Trạng thái "Hiện tượng tâm lý hiệu quả đảo nghịch (reversal effect)".

VIỄN THÔNG 2020!

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