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Japan enacts military contingency laws

TOKYO, June 6 (AFP) - 07:58 GMT - The Japanese parliament Friday enacted a set of laws that give the nation its first legal framework for responding to military attack since World War II.
The laws, approved by the majority of the upper house of the Diet, expand the power of the prime minister and the Self-Defense Forces in emergency situations, among other measures.

They were already passed by the more powerful lower chamber last month.

"With these laws, the foundation has been built for the government's most important task, which is to deal with emergency situations," Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi said in a statement.

"Under the spirit of pacifism and international cooperation, our nation will work toward the world's peace and stability. At the same time, it is extremely important that we fully prepare for national emergencies to ensure peace and stability of our nation," he said.

Chief Cabinet Secretary Yasuo Fukuda said Japan has gained the understanding of Asian nations, many of whom were victimised by Japan's war-time aggression, of the need to pass the legislation.

"We have gained understanding (from other nations) that this is a self-defense measure in case Japan receives military attacks," Fukuda said in a regular briefing held shortly before the upper house approval.

However, South Korean President Roh Moo-Hyun, who arrived in Japan at the start of a four-day visit Friday, voiced his concern earlier this week at the prospect of the laws being enacted while he was here.

Seoul-Tokyo ties are complicated by a history of enmity arising from Japan's harsh colonial rule of the Korean peninsula from 1910-45 and Korean perceptions that Japan has never come to terms with its militarist past.

The laws spell out for the first time the circumstances under which the government can mobilize Japan's armed forces and the powers the military would have in an emergency to requisition land and other property including private vehicles, fuel and food.

They also outline the responsibilities of central government and its power to order local governments in wartime, and expand the size and scope of the Security Council headed by the prime minister in national emergencies.

Although Japan's constitution renounces war in settling international disputes, it has long been generally accepted that Japan retains the right to self-defense.

Successive governments under the Liberal Democratic Party have pressed for such legislation, but the Koizumi administration was the first *****bmit draft legislation to parliament in the wake of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States.

The laws were enacted after the ruling coalition parties reached agreement over the legislation last month with two major opposition parties.

Opponents of the law said the government pushed through the legislation without fully explaining it to the public.

"We have asked for more public discussion as the legislation was likely to go against the foundation of the constitution: pacifism, respect for basic human rights and sovereignty resting with the people," the Japan Federation of Bar Associations said in a statement after the laws were enacted.

"We will clarify the constitutional problems with the legislation. We will also strictly check the execution of the laws to ensure there will be no threat to peace and no violation of human rights," it said.