Pháo-Artillery , Vua chiến trường ?

Pháo 152 mm của Quân đội Nga,,dùng đầu tiên 1987,nay vẫn sử dụng,phần đạn được cải tiến nhiều. Tuy nhiên trên chiến trường Chechnya khó xử dụng quá. Vì có quá nửa nước cộng hòa đó là người Nga. Pháo lớn không dùng đuợc,máy bay ném bom chiến lược không dùng được,tên lửa hành trình ...bắn vào ai? Địa hình tòan núi cao,xe tank đi cũng khó. Quân Nga đánh với mấy người du kích ...

u?c spirou s?a vo 18:23 ngy 03/04/2005

Pháo 152 mm của Quân đội Nga,,dùng đầu tiên 1987,nay vẫn sử dụng,phần đạn được cải tiến nhiều. Tuy nhiên trên chiến trường Chechnya khó xử dụng quá. Vì có quá nửa nước cộng hòa đó là người Nga. Pháo lớn không dùng đuợc,máy bay ném bom chiến lược không dùng được,tên lửa hành trình ...bắn vào ai? Địa hình tòan núi cao,xe tank đi cũng khó. Quân Nga đánh với mấy người du kích ...

u?c spirou s?a vo 18:23 ngy 03/04/2005

Vâng Bác Gấu nói rất đúng . Khó đánh nhất là không biết địch là ai và ở đâu . Dùng hỏa lực mạnh thì sự tàn phá quá lớn không thể dùng hoàn được . Nếu trên trận điạ có tuyến hẳn hoi , Nga-Mỹ đối diện chưa chắc là ai hơn ai . Nhưng đánh du kích thí ngại thật . Nga hay Mỹ gì thì cũng ngại đánh lối ấy . Vài hình ảnh giải thích tại sao người ta không thể dùng hỏa lực mạnh hoài để đánh quân du kích được .

Vâng Bác Gấu nói rất đúng . Khó đánh nhất là không biết địch là ai và ở đâu . Dùng hỏa lực mạnh thì sự tàn phá quá lớn không thể dùng hoàn được . Nếu trên trận điạ có tuyến hẳn hoi , Nga-Mỹ đối diện chưa chắc là ai hơn ai . Nhưng đánh du kích thí ngại thật . Nga hay Mỹ gì thì cũng ngại đánh lối ấy . Vài hình ảnh giải thích tại sao người ta không thể dùng hỏa lực mạnh hoài để đánh quân du kích được .

Pháo tự hành hiện đại bậc nhất của quân đội Nga hiện đang sử dụng là cây 2S19 MSTA-S 1989 . ( Cây này Bác Bear có giới thiệu ở trên em xin phép thêm chút nhé Bác ) Cây pháo tự hành này ngay sau sản xuất đã được đem đi cọ sát thực tế chiến trường ở Chechnya và được đánh giá là rất tốt , thiết kế thành công theo xu hướng hiện đại . Có ít nhất một trung đoàn 2S19 thuộc tập đoàn quân số 8 tham chiếc tại đó . Pháo 152mm/48cal được đặt trên khung xe T-72 do Uraltransmash sản xuất . Dùng bộ nạp đạn tự dộng . Cụ thể là tự lựa loại đầu đạn và nạp đầu đạn tự động 100% , nạp thuốc súng bán tự động . Tốc độ bắn nhanh nhất cho phút đầu tiên là 8 viên /phút . Nếu dùng đạn từ mặt đất trực tiếp đưa vào tốc độ sẻ chậm hơn . Xe mang được 50 viên đạn và thuốc súng . Trọng lượng xe 42 tấn khá nặng . Đạn nặng khác nhau tuỳ loại nhưng loại đạn HEF -BB tăng tầm đạt tầm xa nhất là 29Km , đạn này nặng 42,86Kg , sơ tốc đầu nòng 826m/s . Hiện nay có nhiều nguồn tin cho biết họ đã cho ra đời loại đạn rocket tầm 40Km tuy nhiên em chưa có hình vẻ của đạn rocket 152mm nên không dám xác định 100% . Khi nào có được hình vẻ em sẻ post nó sau . ( vì cách dùng từ ở mổi nước khác nhau nên em xin nói thêm tí . người ta thường dùng lối nói Gas assisted hay rocket assisted để ám chỉ kỹ thuật BB hơn là chỉ kỷ thuật V-lap hay rocket có động cơ và buồn đốt rỏ ràng ) Đạn Laser guilded cũng có thể bắn từ 2S19 tuy nhiên nó được thiết kế lại cho kích thước vừa với bộ lắp đạn mới trên xe . Một số hình ảnh về 2S19 và hình ảnh trên chiến trường .

Pháo tự hành hiện đại bậc nhất của quân đội Nga hiện đang sử dụng là cây 2S19 MSTA-S 1989 . ( Cây này Bác Bear có giới thiệu ở trên em xin phép thêm chút nhé Bác ) Cây pháo tự hành này ngay sau sản xuất đã được đem đi cọ sát thực tế chiến trường ở Chechnya và được đánh giá là rất tốt , thiết kế thành công theo xu hướng hiện đại . Có ít nhất một trung đoàn 2S19 thuộc tập đoàn quân số 8 tham chiếc tại đó . Pháo 152mm/48cal được đặt trên khung xe T-72 do Uraltransmash sản xuất . Dùng bộ nạp đạn tự dộng . Cụ thể là tự lựa loại đầu đạn và nạp đầu đạn tự động 100% , nạp thuốc súng bán tự động . Tốc độ bắn nhanh nhất cho phút đầu tiên là 8 viên /phút . Nếu dùng đạn từ mặt đất trực tiếp đưa vào tốc độ sẻ chậm hơn . Xe mang được 50 viên đạn và thuốc súng . Trọng lượng xe 42 tấn khá nặng . Đạn nặng khác nhau tuỳ loại nhưng loại đạn HEF -BB tăng tầm đạt tầm xa nhất là 29Km , đạn này nặng 42,86Kg , sơ tốc đầu nòng 826m/s . Hiện nay có nhiều nguồn tin cho biết họ đã cho ra đời loại đạn rocket tầm 40Km tuy nhiên em chưa có hình vẻ của đạn rocket 152mm nên không dám xác định 100% . Khi nào có được hình vẻ em sẻ post nó sau . ( vì cách dùng từ ở mổi nước khác nhau nên em xin nói thêm tí . người ta thường dùng lối nói Gas assisted hay rocket assisted để ám chỉ kỹ thuật BB hơn là chỉ kỷ thuật V-lap hay rocket có động cơ và buồn đốt rỏ ràng ) Đạn Laser guilded cũng có thể bắn từ 2S19 tuy nhiên nó được thiết kế lại cho kích thước vừa với bộ lắp đạn mới trên xe . Một số hình ảnh về 2S19 và hình ảnh trên chiến trường .

2S19 MSTA-S tiếp theo ...

2S19 MSTA-S tiếp theo ...

Nói chi tiết về cối bắn đạn tên lửa chống tăng GRAN
GRAN MOBILE HIGH-PRECISION
WEAPON SYSTEM
As practice shows, contradictions arising both at the interstate level and i an individual state are often resolved by force.
These conflicts often take place in populated areas, in mountains or on difficult terrain, i.e. under con***ions that hamper or prohibit the wide use of standard war materiel and armament. The experience of regular forces involvement in counterterrorist operations shows that army units at the company and platoon levels often independently engage illegal armed formations, guerilla detachments and individual terrorists generally employing the tactics of sudden assaults, including ambushing. In these con***ions, dismounted soldiers, without fire support and armed with standar small arms, fail to provide even their personal security. In combating illegal armed formations, the profusion of various dangerous small targets, such as
combat vehicles, weapon emplacements located in buildings, natural and organized shelters, as well as the necessity of engaging, primarily, these very targets make it expedient to use versatile high-precision weapon systems of high lethality, for example, the guided artillery munitions. Fighting mobile terrorist and guerilla formations requires the agility of a weapon system across country, in mountains and on adverse terrain, and its fast preparation for action. Standard artillery systems and standard mortars cannot be employed in these con***ions because of their insufficient mobility and long time necessary for preparing a fire position, respectively. To accomplish these missions, it is necessary to use the weapons offering high accuracy and control of fire, covertness of employment, capability of engaging hostile manpower in buildings, trenches and under natural cover. In these con***ions, the engagement area should be strictly confined. The significance and specific
features of the above missions require that the involved units be equipped with new dedicated weapon systems of enhanced effectiveness A dedicated weapon system of enhanced effectiveness intenđe for combat actions across country and in mountains should be highly mobile, have a multipurpose fire weapon (desirably with a HEF round and with an effect on a target being competitive to a 120-152mm artillery projectile), ensure defeat of various targets by
the first shot without fire adjustment and have short reaction time due to automation of fire preparation and delivery. The Gran mobile mortar-based high-precision weapon system is
among such systems. It is designed to engage all types of materiel and fortifications at the disposal of illegal armed formations (motor vehicles and armor materiel, rural and urban buildings, bridges, crossings and other engineer constructions, including bunkers). The Gran mobile weapon system
comprises:
? Ammunition allowance of 120mm
Gran guided HEF mortar
projectiles with semiactive laser
homing;
? Portable automated fire control
system (FCS) with a compact laser
ranger designator (LRD) and
a thermal imager;
? Modernized 120mm 2B11 mortar;
? Jeep cross-country vehicle;
Table 1. Basic Characteristics of Guided Mortar Projectile
Range of fire, km 1.5-9.0
Caliber, mm 120
Length, mm 1,200
Projectile weight, kg 27.0
Warhead type HEF
Warhead/explosive weight, kg 11.2/5.3
Targets to be engaged armor materiel and motor vehicles,
engineer constructions, manpower
Guidance semiactive laser homing
Homing head coverage, m2 800,000
Target hit probability at least 0.9
Target engagement pattern top attack
? Ammunition allowance of standard
HEF mortar projectiles.
Gran guided mortar projectile.
It is a versatile high-precision item
of ammunition with HEF warhead to
be fired from a mortar as shown in
Fig.1. In compliance with the principle
of operation and guidance,
the projectile initially flies a ballistic
trajectory. At the preset
moments of projectile flight the
onboard electronic equipment
automatically unfolds the fins,
ignites the sustainer, releases the
nose cap and deploys the control
surfaces of the autopilot unit.
When the projectile approaches
the target lockon area, the LRD
automatically switches over to the
illumination mode, and the homing
head locks onto a target and initiates
the process of homing.
High lethality against armored targets
and fortifications is achieved due
to the heavy weight of the explosive
(5.3 kg) and fall angles close to 450.
The diving versatile warhead can
engage a wide array of targets on the
battlefield, both the armored and softskinned
ones, located in the open and
in shelters. When firing the Gran mortar
projectile, its performance in terms
of lethality is on a par with that of the
standard 152 and 155mm artillery
shells. Owing to its high destructive
power and close to 450 fall angles this
mortar projectile can be successfully
used to destroy bunkers, dugouts and
vital elements of the enemy?Ts infrastructure
(bridges, crossings, mountain
roads). The basic characteristics
of the guided mortar projectile are
given in Table 1.
Fire control system. The combat
mobility of the Gran weapon
system is provided by short intoaction
time of the automated FCS
that on difficult terrain allows target
detection and illumination by
the crew of two (at night inclusive),
Table 2. Basic Characteristics of Automated FCS
Time:
to deploy automated FCS, min 2-3
time of readiness to open fire (from moment of target detection till
moment of mortar pointing data receipt), s 15
Measured range, m up to 20,000
Range measurement error, m 10
Target illumination range, m:
small-size (tank-type) target 5,000-7,000
large-size (boat-type) target 15,000 ?" 18,000
Mean fire preparation errors:
in range, % 0.5-0.8
in deflection, mils 3-4
Weight of FCS placed at COP, kg 40
Arrangement of COP FCS in traveling position in three packs
topographic survey and orientation
of the fire weapon and the command-
observation post (COP), as
well as automated firing data computation.
The FCS components are
shown in Fig. 2, while the FCS
basic characteristics are given in
Table 2.
The processes of topographical
survey of reconnaissance and fire
positions with use of the
GLONASS/GPS space navigation
system, determination of single
target coordinates in hostile group
objects selected for engagement,
calculation of initial fire mission
settings and their transmission to
separate mortars are automated.
This allows 10 to 12-fold decrease
in fire planning and preparation
time in comparison with standard
means of a mortar battery. High
maneuverability of mortar projectiles
enables their firing even in
case of rapid meteorological and
ballistic preparation.
Table 3. Basic Characteristics of Modernized 120mm 2B11 mortar
Maximum range of fire, m:
with standard mortar projectiles 7,100
with guided mortar projectiles 8,000
Elevation angles, deg 45-80
Traverse angles, deg:
without changing carriage position ±5
with changing carriage position ±180
Weight, kg:
mortar 210
tube 74
carriage 55
base plate 82
Time into and out of action, min 3
Preparation of fire position not required
Modernized 120mm 2B11
mortar. Standard mortars require
prolonged preparation for firing.
This hampers their employment as
fire weapons in mobile systems.
Table 4. Basic Characteristics of Tiger Vehicle (GAZ-2975)
Combat-loaded weight, kg 4,650
Carrying capacity, kg 1,500
Wheel arrangement 4 x 4
Maximum speed, km/h:
on highway 120-140
cross-country 40-70
Cruising range on highway, km 800
Body all-metal, armored
Level of protection from small arms at range of 5 - 10 m Kalashnikov assault rifle
PS-43 bullet
Operating temperature range, 0C from -45 to +50
Transported system components:
modernized 2B11 mortar 1
guided mortar projectiles 10
unguided mortar projectiles 20
fire control system 1
crew 5
The modernized 2B11 mortar
has none of such shortcomings
because of design features of the
base plate and the carriage. The
modernized 2B11 mortar does not
require preliminary preparation of a
fire position. At the same time, the
design of the base plate and the
carriage ensures all-round firing in
azimuth without changing the plate
position. These capabilities of the
mortar minimize the time to prepare
the Gran system for firing. The
general view of the mortar is shown
in Fig. 3, while its basic characteristics
are given in Table 3.
Transport vehicle. Rapid
transfer (mobility) of the armament,
the fire control system and
the crew is one of the most
important features of the weapon
system in con***ions of presentday
maneuverable antiterrorist
operations. This feature is
attained owing to the high crosscountry
ability of the jeep-type
vehicle which can move at a
speed of 120 to 140 km/h on
highways and of 40 to 70 km/h on
front-line roads and across country.
Placing the modernized 2B11
mortar, guided and unguided
ammunition, the fire control system
and the crew, for example, on
the Tiger transport vehicle has
enabled the creation of a highly
efficient mobile Gran weapon
system. The general view of the
vehicle is shown in Fig. 4. Its
basic characteristics are given in
Table 4.
Weapon System Operation. The
Gran mobile high-precision weapon
system mounted on a jeep-type
vehicle arrives at the battlefield. The
crew covertly transfers the mortar
from the traveling to the firing position
(for example, on a hill or behind
a natural cover). As against the
standard mortars, there is no need
in preparatory work for laying the
base plate. The command-observation
post equipped with a portable
FCS (the general view is presented
in Fig. 5) is located at a place
convenient for battlefield surveillance.
The automated FCS and
guided mortar projectiles make it
possible for the Gran system to
fire at closely located targets by
maneuvering trajectories without
changing fire mission settings.
The Gran system can effectively
inflict personnel casualties. For the
purpose, use should be mainly
made of standard mortar projectiles
and guided mortar projectiles, if
necessary. If the LRD illuminates a
trench parapet or a terrain barrier
(wall or boulder), the Gran guided
mortar projectile, due to its design,
can get directly into the trench or
behind the obstacle sheltering manpower.
In terms of fragmentation
effect, the Gran mortar projectile
surpasses standard mortar projectiles.
Thus, it is necessary to use
100 to 200 standard mortar projectiles
or just one or two Gran guided
mortar projectiles in order to
destroy a weapon emplacement with
the crew in rough terrain at a range
of 6 km.
Combat capabilities of the Gran
system are determined by its high
characteristics and functional properties
of its subsystems. When the transport
vehicle carries 10 guided and
20 unguided mortar projectiles, the
combat potential of the Gran system is
equal to that of the battery of
120-122mm self-propelled guns with
full ammunition load.
Thus, owing to the Gran mobile highprecision
weapon system, the troop
units acquire new armament which is on
a par with the division and army artillery
in terms of combat effectiveness.
Fig. 1. Round with Gran guided mortar projectile
1 ?" guided mortar projectile
2 ?" propelling charge
Fig. 2. FCS of Gran mobile weapon system
1 ?" laser/thermal sight
2 ?" radio set
3 ?" computer with GPS/GLONASS sensor
Fig. 3. Modernized 2B11 mortar
1 ?" base plate
2 ?" carriage
3 ?" tube
Fig. 4. Tiger transport vehicle
Fig. 5. Gran system operation scheme
u?c spirou s?a vo 16:51 ngy 04/04/2005

Nói chi tiết về cối bắn đạn tên lửa chống tăng GRAN
GRAN MOBILE HIGH-PRECISION
WEAPON SYSTEM
As practice shows, contradictions arising both at the interstate level and i an individual state are often resolved by force.
These conflicts often take place in populated areas, in mountains or on difficult terrain, i.e. under con***ions that hamper or prohibit the wide use of standard war materiel and armament. The experience of regular forces involvement in counterterrorist operations shows that army units at the company and platoon levels often independently engage illegal armed formations, guerilla detachments and individual terrorists generally employing the tactics of sudden assaults, including ambushing. In these con***ions, dismounted soldiers, without fire support and armed with standar small arms, fail to provide even their personal security. In combating illegal armed formations, the profusion of various dangerous small targets, such as
combat vehicles, weapon emplacements located in buildings, natural and organized shelters, as well as the necessity of engaging, primarily, these very targets make it expedient to use versatile high-precision weapon systems of high lethality, for example, the guided artillery munitions. Fighting mobile terrorist and guerilla formations requires the agility of a weapon system across country, in mountains and on adverse terrain, and its fast preparation for action. Standard artillery systems and standard mortars cannot be employed in these con***ions because of their insufficient mobility and long time necessary for preparing a fire position, respectively. To accomplish these missions, it is necessary to use the weapons offering high accuracy and control of fire, covertness of employment, capability of engaging hostile manpower in buildings, trenches and under natural cover. In these con***ions, the engagement area should be strictly confined. The significance and specific
features of the above missions require that the involved units be equipped with new dedicated weapon systems of enhanced effectiveness A dedicated weapon system of enhanced effectiveness intenđe for combat actions across country and in mountains should be highly mobile, have a multipurpose fire weapon (desirably with a HEF round and with an effect on a target being competitive to a 120-152mm artillery projectile), ensure defeat of various targets by
the first shot without fire adjustment and have short reaction time due to automation of fire preparation and delivery. The Gran mobile mortar-based high-precision weapon system is
among such systems. It is designed to engage all types of materiel and fortifications at the disposal of illegal armed formations (motor vehicles and armor materiel, rural and urban buildings, bridges, crossings and other engineer constructions, including bunkers). The Gran mobile weapon system
comprises:
? Ammunition allowance of 120mm
Gran guided HEF mortar
projectiles with semiactive laser
homing;
? Portable automated fire control
system (FCS) with a compact laser
ranger designator (LRD) and
a thermal imager;
? Modernized 120mm 2B11 mortar;
? Jeep cross-country vehicle;
Table 1. Basic Characteristics of Guided Mortar Projectile
Range of fire, km 1.5-9.0
Caliber, mm 120
Length, mm 1,200
Projectile weight, kg 27.0
Warhead type HEF
Warhead/explosive weight, kg 11.2/5.3
Targets to be engaged armor materiel and motor vehicles,
engineer constructions, manpower
Guidance semiactive laser homing
Homing head coverage, m2 800,000
Target hit probability at least 0.9
Target engagement pattern top attack
? Ammunition allowance of standard
HEF mortar projectiles.
Gran guided mortar projectile.
It is a versatile high-precision item
of ammunition with HEF warhead to
be fired from a mortar as shown in
Fig.1. In compliance with the principle
of operation and guidance,
the projectile initially flies a ballistic
trajectory. At the preset
moments of projectile flight the
onboard electronic equipment
automatically unfolds the fins,
ignites the sustainer, releases the
nose cap and deploys the control
surfaces of the autopilot unit.
When the projectile approaches
the target lockon area, the LRD
automatically switches over to the
illumination mode, and the homing
head locks onto a target and initiates
the process of homing.
High lethality against armored targets
and fortifications is achieved due
to the heavy weight of the explosive
(5.3 kg) and fall angles close to 450.
The diving versatile warhead can
engage a wide array of targets on the
battlefield, both the armored and softskinned
ones, located in the open and
in shelters. When firing the Gran mortar
projectile, its performance in terms
of lethality is on a par with that of the
standard 152 and 155mm artillery
shells. Owing to its high destructive
power and close to 450 fall angles this
mortar projectile can be successfully
used to destroy bunkers, dugouts and
vital elements of the enemy?Ts infrastructure
(bridges, crossings, mountain
roads). The basic characteristics
of the guided mortar projectile are
given in Table 1.
Fire control system. The combat
mobility of the Gran weapon
system is provided by short intoaction
time of the automated FCS
that on difficult terrain allows target
detection and illumination by
the crew of two (at night inclusive),
Table 2. Basic Characteristics of Automated FCS
Time:
to deploy automated FCS, min 2-3
time of readiness to open fire (from moment of target detection till
moment of mortar pointing data receipt), s 15
Measured range, m up to 20,000
Range measurement error, m 10
Target illumination range, m:
small-size (tank-type) target 5,000-7,000
large-size (boat-type) target 15,000 ?" 18,000
Mean fire preparation errors:
in range, % 0.5-0.8
in deflection, mils 3-4
Weight of FCS placed at COP, kg 40
Arrangement of COP FCS in traveling position in three packs
topographic survey and orientation
of the fire weapon and the command-
observation post (COP), as
well as automated firing data computation.
The FCS components are
shown in Fig. 2, while the FCS
basic characteristics are given in
Table 2.
The processes of topographical
survey of reconnaissance and fire
positions with use of the
GLONASS/GPS space navigation
system, determination of single
target coordinates in hostile group
objects selected for engagement,
calculation of initial fire mission
settings and their transmission to
separate mortars are automated.
This allows 10 to 12-fold decrease
in fire planning and preparation
time in comparison with standard
means of a mortar battery. High
maneuverability of mortar projectiles
enables their firing even in
case of rapid meteorological and
ballistic preparation.
Table 3. Basic Characteristics of Modernized 120mm 2B11 mortar
Maximum range of fire, m:
with standard mortar projectiles 7,100
with guided mortar projectiles 8,000
Elevation angles, deg 45-80
Traverse angles, deg:
without changing carriage position ±5
with changing carriage position ±180
Weight, kg:
mortar 210
tube 74
carriage 55
base plate 82
Time into and out of action, min 3
Preparation of fire position not required
Modernized 120mm 2B11
mortar. Standard mortars require
prolonged preparation for firing.
This hampers their employment as
fire weapons in mobile systems.
Table 4. Basic Characteristics of Tiger Vehicle (GAZ-2975)
Combat-loaded weight, kg 4,650
Carrying capacity, kg 1,500
Wheel arrangement 4 x 4
Maximum speed, km/h:
on highway 120-140
cross-country 40-70
Cruising range on highway, km 800
Body all-metal, armored
Level of protection from small arms at range of 5 - 10 m Kalashnikov assault rifle
PS-43 bullet
Operating temperature range, 0C from -45 to +50
Transported system components:
modernized 2B11 mortar 1
guided mortar projectiles 10
unguided mortar projectiles 20
fire control system 1
crew 5
The modernized 2B11 mortar
has none of such shortcomings
because of design features of the
base plate and the carriage. The
modernized 2B11 mortar does not
require preliminary preparation of a
fire position. At the same time, the
design of the base plate and the
carriage ensures all-round firing in
azimuth without changing the plate
position. These capabilities of the
mortar minimize the time to prepare
the Gran system for firing. The
general view of the mortar is shown
in Fig. 3, while its basic characteristics
are given in Table 3.
Transport vehicle. Rapid
transfer (mobility) of the armament,
the fire control system and
the crew is one of the most
important features of the weapon
system in con***ions of presentday
maneuverable antiterrorist
operations. This feature is
attained owing to the high crosscountry
ability of the jeep-type
vehicle which can move at a
speed of 120 to 140 km/h on
highways and of 40 to 70 km/h on
front-line roads and across country.
Placing the modernized 2B11
mortar, guided and unguided
ammunition, the fire control system
and the crew, for example, on
the Tiger transport vehicle has
enabled the creation of a highly
efficient mobile Gran weapon
system. The general view of the
vehicle is shown in Fig. 4. Its
basic characteristics are given in
Table 4.
Weapon System Operation. The
Gran mobile high-precision weapon
system mounted on a jeep-type
vehicle arrives at the battlefield. The
crew covertly transfers the mortar
from the traveling to the firing position
(for example, on a hill or behind
a natural cover). As against the
standard mortars, there is no need
in preparatory work for laying the
base plate. The command-observation
post equipped with a portable
FCS (the general view is presented
in Fig. 5) is located at a place
convenient for battlefield surveillance.
The automated FCS and
guided mortar projectiles make it
possible for the Gran system to
fire at closely located targets by
maneuvering trajectories without
changing fire mission settings.
The Gran system can effectively
inflict personnel casualties. For the
purpose, use should be mainly
made of standard mortar projectiles
and guided mortar projectiles, if
necessary. If the LRD illuminates a
trench parapet or a terrain barrier
(wall or boulder), the Gran guided
mortar projectile, due to its design,
can get directly into the trench or
behind the obstacle sheltering manpower.
In terms of fragmentation
effect, the Gran mortar projectile
surpasses standard mortar projectiles.
Thus, it is necessary to use
100 to 200 standard mortar projectiles
or just one or two Gran guided
mortar projectiles in order to
destroy a weapon emplacement with
the crew in rough terrain at a range
of 6 km.
Combat capabilities of the Gran
system are determined by its high
characteristics and functional properties
of its subsystems. When the transport
vehicle carries 10 guided and
20 unguided mortar projectiles, the
combat potential of the Gran system is
equal to that of the battery of
120-122mm self-propelled guns with
full ammunition load.
Thus, owing to the Gran mobile highprecision
weapon system, the troop
units acquire new armament which is on
a par with the division and army artillery
in terms of combat effectiveness.
Fig. 1. Round with Gran guided mortar projectile
1 ?" guided mortar projectile
2 ?" propelling charge
Fig. 2. FCS of Gran mobile weapon system
1 ?" laser/thermal sight
2 ?" radio set
3 ?" computer with GPS/GLONASS sensor
Fig. 3. Modernized 2B11 mortar
1 ?" base plate
2 ?" carriage
3 ?" tube
Fig. 4. Tiger transport vehicle
Fig. 5. Gran system operation scheme
u?c spirou s?a vo 16:51 ngy 04/04/2005