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Needle rifles - continue
Cơ cấu kim hoả bolt action do Dreyse sáng chế được sử dụng cho những khẩu súng dài đến tận ngày nay. Về loại bolt action với kim hoả needle này, bài trên đây đã mô tả sơ lược hai loại đầu tiên của Dreyse và Chassepot. Trong phần này, một số loại sử dụng kim hoả hình kim không phổ biến bằng hai loại trên được giới thiệu qua hình. Nếu bạn nào có thêm thông tin về các loại này xin bổ sung hộ.
Đây là một khẩu khá hiếm của Mỹ :



Hai khẩu của Áo :







Một khẩu của Bỉ :





Một khẩu của Đức :

Repeating rifle
Colt là người đã nghĩ đến việc chế ra loại súng có cơ cấu nạp đạn liên tục (repeating) thay thế cho động tác dùng tay lấy đạn ra khỏi bao và nhét viên đạn vào nòng súng từ năm 1840. Tiếp sau Colt, Henrry và Spencer cải tiến cho những khẩu súng mang tên họ.
The idea of repeating firearms had been current in America since 1840, when Colt brought out his invention. His rifle was followed in 1860 by the Henry and the Spencer. In 1867 the Henry had been improved and renamed the Winchester. the effects of the Winchester in the hands of the Turks in their war with Russia of 1877 to 1878 showed the immense advantage of repeating firearms against an enemy armed with single-loading rifles. The earliest European repeating rifle was the Fruhwirth, with which Austria armed her gendarmerie in 1870.
Bắt đầu từ ông Colt với khẩu súng trường ổ quay 5 phát :








Những viên đạn (ở bên trái hàng dưới ):


Được thoky sửa chữa / chuyển vào 16:32 ngày 26/08/2004

Repeating rifle
Colt là người đã nghĩ đến việc chế ra loại súng có cơ cấu nạp đạn liên tục (repeating) thay thế cho động tác dùng tay lấy đạn ra khỏi bao và nhét viên đạn vào nòng súng từ năm 1840. Tiếp sau Colt, Henrry và Spencer cải tiến cho những khẩu súng mang tên họ.
The idea of repeating firearms had been current in America since 1840, when Colt brought out his invention. His rifle was followed in 1860 by the Henry and the Spencer. In 1867 the Henry had been improved and renamed the Winchester. the effects of the Winchester in the hands of the Turks in their war with Russia of 1877 to 1878 showed the immense advantage of repeating firearms against an enemy armed with single-loading rifles. The earliest European repeating rifle was the Fruhwirth, with which Austria armed her gendarmerie in 1870.
Bắt đầu từ ông Colt với khẩu súng trường ổ quay 5 phát :








Những viên đạn (ở bên trái hàng dưới ):


Được thoky sửa chữa / chuyển vào 16:32 ngày 26/08/2004

Repeating rifle (cont.)
Tiếp theo với Spencer.
(do bận quá, phiền các bạn chịu khó đọc tiếng Anh vậy. Nếu bạn nào dịch giúp được thì rất cám ơn)
The old saying ?oNecessity is the mother of invention? was never truer than during the mid-1800?Ts. The Industrial Revolution was well underway by the time the war for southern independence had begun. A young man by the name of Christopher Miner Spencer, born June 20, 1833 saw a need and proceeded to fill it. In his early years he worked in Samuel Colt?Ts armory where he gained valuable experience in the arms-making trade.
Christopher M. Spencer was born in Connecticut, USA in 1833. He invented, patented (no. 27,393 6 March) and began manufacture of the Carbine at his Boston, Massachusetts factory in 1860. Spencer?Ts design incorporated a rolling block action operated by a trigger guard lever.
With the advent of self-contained metallic cartridges such as Smith and Wesson?Ts .22 short rimfire and the .44 Henry rimfire, Spencer foresaw great changes to come in the small arms industry. By the late 1850?Ts his inventive mind had begun to conceive not only a reliable breechloader, but a repeating one at that. He was fully aware of the deficiencies of other early repeaters such as the Volcanic with its ?oRocket Ball? cartridge and Colt?Ts revolving rifle. But by using a completely self-contained metallic cartridge, their faults would be eliminated.
What he envisioned was a lever-actuated rolling block action. Cartridges were fed through a tubular magazine in the buttstock. The inner magazine tube could be withdrawn from the butt for loading. Similar in function to the modern .22 cal. rifle with an under barrel magazine. Capacity was seven rounds.
Spencer?Ts first model was believed to have been completed in 1859. His friend R.S. Lawrence, of the firm of Robbins and Lawrence were early contractors of Sharps rifles and carbines. So it is not surprising that some lock parts with interchange with the Sharps. Spencer?Ts first arms were in .36 and .44 rimfire. These used a smaller frame than the later military models. Spencer obtained his first patent on March 6, 1860. A second patent issued July 29, 1862 contained several improvements to the original design.
The Spencer Carbine is considered to be the first successful breech loading magazine carbine and heralded the introduction into New Zealand of the repeating firearm. This used self-contained metal-cased rim fire cartridges, having adequate chamber clearance for ease of cartridge loading, yet being able to expand when fired, sealing off the breech joint, preventing the escape of propellant gases and loss of pressure.
Once loaded the Spencer carbine can be fired seven times in ten seconds, but only fifteen times in one minute, including loading time. This can be compared with one shot in every 20 seconds for a muzzle loader (including loading time) and one shot in every 10 seconds for a single shot capping breech loader. One man armed with a Spencer carbine was considered equal to seven men using muzzle loaders.
To load, muzzle is pointed downwards, the tubular magazine withdrawn from the butt, and seven cartridges (projectile first) are dropped into the magazine butt cavity. The tube magazine is reinserted and locked in place. This magazine contains a plunger, operated by a spiral coil spring, which forces the cartridges up to the breech end. From there the cartridge is placed in the barrel chamber when the action is worked (moving the trigger guard lever down and up to close).







Bộ phận chứa đạn nằm trong báng súng :



Những viên đạn :



Lưỡi lê của súng :

Và một người lính với khẩu Spencer :

Repeating rifle (cont.)
Tiếp theo với Spencer.
(do bận quá, phiền các bạn chịu khó đọc tiếng Anh vậy. Nếu bạn nào dịch giúp được thì rất cám ơn)
The old saying ?oNecessity is the mother of invention? was never truer than during the mid-1800?Ts. The Industrial Revolution was well underway by the time the war for southern independence had begun. A young man by the name of Christopher Miner Spencer, born June 20, 1833 saw a need and proceeded to fill it. In his early years he worked in Samuel Colt?Ts armory where he gained valuable experience in the arms-making trade.
Christopher M. Spencer was born in Connecticut, USA in 1833. He invented, patented (no. 27,393 6 March) and began manufacture of the Carbine at his Boston, Massachusetts factory in 1860. Spencer?Ts design incorporated a rolling block action operated by a trigger guard lever.
With the advent of self-contained metallic cartridges such as Smith and Wesson?Ts .22 short rimfire and the .44 Henry rimfire, Spencer foresaw great changes to come in the small arms industry. By the late 1850?Ts his inventive mind had begun to conceive not only a reliable breechloader, but a repeating one at that. He was fully aware of the deficiencies of other early repeaters such as the Volcanic with its ?oRocket Ball? cartridge and Colt?Ts revolving rifle. But by using a completely self-contained metallic cartridge, their faults would be eliminated.
What he envisioned was a lever-actuated rolling block action. Cartridges were fed through a tubular magazine in the buttstock. The inner magazine tube could be withdrawn from the butt for loading. Similar in function to the modern .22 cal. rifle with an under barrel magazine. Capacity was seven rounds.
Spencer?Ts first model was believed to have been completed in 1859. His friend R.S. Lawrence, of the firm of Robbins and Lawrence were early contractors of Sharps rifles and carbines. So it is not surprising that some lock parts with interchange with the Sharps. Spencer?Ts first arms were in .36 and .44 rimfire. These used a smaller frame than the later military models. Spencer obtained his first patent on March 6, 1860. A second patent issued July 29, 1862 contained several improvements to the original design.
The Spencer Carbine is considered to be the first successful breech loading magazine carbine and heralded the introduction into New Zealand of the repeating firearm. This used self-contained metal-cased rim fire cartridges, having adequate chamber clearance for ease of cartridge loading, yet being able to expand when fired, sealing off the breech joint, preventing the escape of propellant gases and loss of pressure.
Once loaded the Spencer carbine can be fired seven times in ten seconds, but only fifteen times in one minute, including loading time. This can be compared with one shot in every 20 seconds for a muzzle loader (including loading time) and one shot in every 10 seconds for a single shot capping breech loader. One man armed with a Spencer carbine was considered equal to seven men using muzzle loaders.
To load, muzzle is pointed downwards, the tubular magazine withdrawn from the butt, and seven cartridges (projectile first) are dropped into the magazine butt cavity. The tube magazine is reinserted and locked in place. This magazine contains a plunger, operated by a spiral coil spring, which forces the cartridges up to the breech end. From there the cartridge is placed in the barrel chamber when the action is worked (moving the trigger guard lever down and up to close).







Bộ phận chứa đạn nằm trong báng súng :



Những viên đạn :



Lưỡi lê của súng :

Và một người lính với khẩu Spencer :

"The Gun That Won The West"
Trên đây là tên đặt cho một loại súng nổi tiếng ở nước Mỹ và được khắp thế giới biết đến cùng với hình ảnh của chàng cao bồi Viễn Tây và những thủ lĩnh da đỏ mang đầy lông chim.
Đó là khẩu Winchester.


Một người da đỏ Black Foot với khẩu Winchester trong tay :

Khẩu Winchester được thiết kế với bộ phận tiếp đạn (magazin) hình ống nằm dưới nòng súng, bộ phận quy lát là một vòng kim loại nằm dưới báng súng, do ông Winchester thiết kế.

Bàn về ý nghĩa lịch sử của khẩu súng này, xin hãy đọc phần dưới đây :
Oliver Winchester invented the volcanic repeating rifle in 1854.
This invention is a revolver that can shoot repeatedly without reloading, and in a matter of seconds. The volcanic repeating revolver proved to be reliable, rugged and easy to handle, even by those not used to firearms. This invention was also dangerous as well. It killed thousands of innocent people in the 1800''s, not including those who were involved in the War of the West.
Before the Winchester volcanic repeating rifle was invented, the original handgun had to be invented by Samuel Colt. Then there was the tubular magazine, which was invented in 1849 by Walter Hunt. After the tubular magazine was invented, the improved action lever for the hunt rifle was created by Lewis Jennings that same year. Daniel B. Wesson invented the the rim fine cartridge, one of the guns that made modern weapons possible. When Oliver Fisher Winchester bought the Volcanic Arms Company, he changed the name to Winchester Repeating Arms Company in 1866.
This invention changed people''s lives in many ways. Some were seriously injured or killed with Winchester Guns. The war of the West was won by using the Winchester Volcanic Repeating Rifle. Many famous people used Winchester rifles including Buffalo Bill and Theodore Roosevelt. Buffalo Bill reported that a bear had been charging him from 30 yards away, and by the time it reached him, it had eleven bullets in his stomach. Theodore Roosevelt was also known to bring Winchester rifles with him on his famous Africa expe***ions. Indians avoided white men with the new lever action repeating Winchester guns
Volcanic Arms Co. Pistols used self-contained cartridges and loaded by a ****ing lever incorporated into the trigger guard. this was an excellent design, yet poor cartridges destroyed performance. All Winchester guns are based in previous designs. Daniel Wesson and B. Tyler Henry invented the rim fire fine cartridge, one of the guns that led to modern day machine guns.
The first real Winchester should be the Model 1866. The major change from the old gun was the incorporation of a totally round magazine tube. Winchester''s plant foreman of the day Nelson King designed it to replace the slotted tube design.
Khẩu đầu tiên là model 1866 với tên thường gọi là Yellow.










Về loại súng này, sẽ còn nhiều cái để nói đến.

"The Gun That Won The West"
Trên đây là tên đặt cho một loại súng nổi tiếng ở nước Mỹ và được khắp thế giới biết đến cùng với hình ảnh của chàng cao bồi Viễn Tây và những thủ lĩnh da đỏ mang đầy lông chim.
Đó là khẩu Winchester.


Một người da đỏ Black Foot với khẩu Winchester trong tay :

Khẩu Winchester được thiết kế với bộ phận tiếp đạn (magazin) hình ống nằm dưới nòng súng, bộ phận quy lát là một vòng kim loại nằm dưới báng súng, do ông Winchester thiết kế.

Bàn về ý nghĩa lịch sử của khẩu súng này, xin hãy đọc phần dưới đây :
Oliver Winchester invented the volcanic repeating rifle in 1854.
This invention is a revolver that can shoot repeatedly without reloading, and in a matter of seconds. The volcanic repeating revolver proved to be reliable, rugged and easy to handle, even by those not used to firearms. This invention was also dangerous as well. It killed thousands of innocent people in the 1800''s, not including those who were involved in the War of the West.
Before the Winchester volcanic repeating rifle was invented, the original handgun had to be invented by Samuel Colt. Then there was the tubular magazine, which was invented in 1849 by Walter Hunt. After the tubular magazine was invented, the improved action lever for the hunt rifle was created by Lewis Jennings that same year. Daniel B. Wesson invented the the rim fine cartridge, one of the guns that made modern weapons possible. When Oliver Fisher Winchester bought the Volcanic Arms Company, he changed the name to Winchester Repeating Arms Company in 1866.
This invention changed people''s lives in many ways. Some were seriously injured or killed with Winchester Guns. The war of the West was won by using the Winchester Volcanic Repeating Rifle. Many famous people used Winchester rifles including Buffalo Bill and Theodore Roosevelt. Buffalo Bill reported that a bear had been charging him from 30 yards away, and by the time it reached him, it had eleven bullets in his stomach. Theodore Roosevelt was also known to bring Winchester rifles with him on his famous Africa expe***ions. Indians avoided white men with the new lever action repeating Winchester guns
Volcanic Arms Co. Pistols used self-contained cartridges and loaded by a ****ing lever incorporated into the trigger guard. this was an excellent design, yet poor cartridges destroyed performance. All Winchester guns are based in previous designs. Daniel Wesson and B. Tyler Henry invented the rim fire fine cartridge, one of the guns that led to modern day machine guns.
The first real Winchester should be the Model 1866. The major change from the old gun was the incorporation of a totally round magazine tube. Winchester''s plant foreman of the day Nelson King designed it to replace the slotted tube design.
Khẩu đầu tiên là model 1866 với tên thường gọi là Yellow.










Về loại súng này, sẽ còn nhiều cái để nói đến.

Winchester rifle (cont.)
Khẩu Winchester còn tiếp tục nổi danh về sau với những phiên bản kế tiếp. Trong những phiên bản kế tiếp, thiết kế của súng cũng dần đổi mới.
Model 1895 - khẩu Takedown : có hộp tiếp đạn nằm dưới thân súng.





Model 1902 - sử dụng cơ cấu bolt-action


Model 1917:


Khẩu Garand M1 :

Winchester rifle (cont.)
Khẩu Winchester còn tiếp tục nổi danh về sau với những phiên bản kế tiếp. Trong những phiên bản kế tiếp, thiết kế của súng cũng dần đổi mới.
Model 1895 - khẩu Takedown : có hộp tiếp đạn nằm dưới thân súng.





Model 1902 - sử dụng cơ cấu bolt-action


Model 1917:


Khẩu Garand M1 :

Winchester rifles
Khẩu WInchester còn nổi tiếng với loại shotgun. Ta đã từng thấy loại này trong rất nhiều phim, ví dụ như Kẻ huỷ diệt. Tôi muốn giới thiệu hai model 1887 và 1958