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1.
Simulation and Analysis of Acoustic Wave Propagation due to Partial Discharge Activity
Kundu, P. Kishore, N.K. Sinha, A.K.
Dept. of Electr. Eng., Indian Inst. of Technol., Kharagpur
This paper appears in: Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, 2006 IEEE Conference on
Publication Date: 15-18 Oct. 2006
On page(s): 607 - 610
Number of Pages: 607 - 610
Location: Kansas City, MO
ISBN: 1-4244-0547-5
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/CEIDP.2006.312005
Date Published in Issue: 2007-02-20 06:36:24.0
Acoustic detection of partial discharges is based on the retrieval and analysis of mechanical signals produced by partial discharges. Acoustic method is widely used in locating partial discharge sources in transformers. For source location constant velocity of acoustic signals is used. Acoustic method also has potential to classify the partial discharges for better assessment of insulation con***ion. This paper presents a computer simulation of acoustic signal and analysis of its propagation behavior. It is found that acoustic velocity is not constant over distances of practical interest. An algorithm proposed for source location with distance dependent acoustic velocity leads to reduction in location error. Acoustic pulse produced by partial discharges is deformed and attenuated while propagating through transformer to sensor. This change depends on propagation distance and medium. So, frequency spectrum of sensor output AE pulse is not true representation of source pulse frequency spectrum. Partial discharge classification based on the output acoustic signal can lead to wrong classification. Knowing the location of partial discharge source, frequency dependent attenuation characteristics and output acoustic signal''s frequency spectrum, an estimation of input pulse frequency spectrum and its parameters is made for the classification of partial discharges
2.
A new method using ultrasonic for partial discharge pattern recognition
Li Yanqing Lu Fangcheng Xin Baoan Chen Zhiye
Dept. of Electr. Eng., North China Electr. Power Univ., Baoding, China
This paper appears in: Power System Technology, 2002. Proceedings. PowerCon 2002. International Conference on
Publication Date: 13-17 Oct. 2002
Volume: 2
On page(s): 1004 - 1007 vol.2
Number of Pages: 4 vol. 2691
ISSN:
ISBN: 0-7803-7459-2
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ICPST.2002.1047550
Date Published in Issue: 2002-12-10 17:23:43.0
Abstract
The partial discharge measurements on a power transformer are studied with a new method toward discrimination and classification of different discharge models. Based on characteristics of partial discharge ultrasonic signal are nonlinear and nonstationary, fractal theory is adopted to extract fractal parameters from ultrasonic signal of transformer partial discharge in this paper. The self-similarity character of ultrasonic signal for partial discharge is analyzed. The fractal theory and its parameters calculation are introduced. Experiments are done about several typical transformer partial discharge models. The fractal parameters (box counting dimension and lacunarity) are calculated in different model''s ultrasonic signals. The calculation result shows that fractal parameters are dissimilar to box counting dimension and lacunarity in different transformer partial discharge ultrasonic signals. The artificial neural network is used to recognize discharge patterns. The result shows the fractal method is effective for transformer partial discharge pattern recognition.
3.
Degradation and breakdown of mica under partial discharge stressing
Shields, A.J. Kemp, I.J.
Dept. of Eng., Glasgow Caledonian Univ.
This paper appears in: Science, Measurement and Technology, IEE Proceedings -
Publication Date: May 2000
Volume: 147 , Issue: 3
On page(s): 105 - 109
ISSN: 1350-2344
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1049/ip-smt:20000248
Date Published in Issue: 2002-08-06 23:10:06.0
Abstract
Given the increasingly sophisticated tools available to acquire, store and process partial discharge measurements, it is imperative that the mechanisms of partial discharge degradation and the factors influencing the nature, form, extent and rate of degradation are elucidated. This will permit correlation among the measurements of partial discharge activity and the prevalent degradation in the practical situation. Only by these means will the ultimate peal, i.e. the prediction of remnant life of plant insulating systems through partial discharge measurement, be realised. The paper reports the results from the initial stage of an extensive investigation of the partial discharge degradation of mica. Ruby-muscovite and amber-phlogopite have been subjected to axial partial discharge stressing under AC, both polarities of DC and both polarities of impulse electrical stress. Two gaseous atmospheres, air and nitrogen, have been utilised to determine the degradation mechanism(s) involved. A mechanism of discharge degradation is hypothesised, based on the effects of bombardment by energetic particles and chemical interaction with gaseous discharge by-products
4.
Partial discharge current measurement in high permittivity dielectrics and their meaning for quality control
Mundlein, M. Hauser, H. Nicolics, J. Chabicovsky, R.
Inst. of Ind. Electron. & Material Sci., Vienna Univ. of Technol., Austria
This paper appears in: Electronics Technology: Integrated Management of Electronic Materials Production, 2003. 26th International Spring Seminar on
Publication Date: 8-11 May 2003
On page(s): 438 - 443
Number of Pages: xii+511
ISSN:
ISBN: 0-7803-8002-9
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ISSE.2003.1260568
Date Published in Issue: 2004-01-21 09:43:55.0
Abstract
Dielectric breakdown is one of the major problems of dielectrics with high permittivity. There are several intrinsic factors affecting breakdown strength of BaTiO/sub 3/ such as porosity, grain boundaries, and domain wall instability. But in general, the dielectric breakdown is caused by partial discharge within pores and cavities in the insulating ceramic body. The permittivity in these enclosures is usually much lower than the one of the BaTiO/sub 3/ matrix. Therefore, under operation of the ceramic capacitor the voltage across the pores may exceed the gas breakdown threshold and causes partial discharge in the pores according to the Paschen''s law. Although, the momentary effect of these discharges typically caused by currents in the microampere regime is little, their meaning for the long-term reliability of the component is crucial. In this paper we describe a new experimental set-up for determination of partial discharge phenomena in BaTiO/sub 3/ capacitors. The partial discharge current is monitored using a bridge circuit containing two branches with the same nonlinearity. In this way the basic harmonics of the bias current can be suppressed and the sensitivity of the interesting current peaks due to partial discharge is increased. Using this set-up we demonstrate the impact of mechanical defects on the partial discharge inception field strength. Moreover, the same capacitors were analyzed by means of metallographic cross sections. The ceramic-structure and fractures in the dielectric body due to unfavorable process parameters during manufacturing are analyzed. As a surprising result we show that capacitors even with significant fractures do not necessarily exhibit partial discharge even at an electrical field beyond 2 kV/mm. For this reason we conclude that conventionally applied electrical tests are insufficient for quality control.
5.
Recognition of partial discharge defects in cable terminations
Chang-Hsing Lee Lin Yu-Chih Min-Yen Chiu Huang Chih-Hsien Shih-Shong Yen Chiang Haeng
Chan-Ching Electr. Tech. Consulting CO.Ltd., Hsinchu
This paper appears in: Con***ion Monitoring and Diagnosis, 2008. CMD 2008. International Conference on
Publication Date: 21-24 April 2008
On page(s): 1242 - 1245
Number of Pages: 1242 - 1245
Location: Beijing
ISBN: 978-1-4244-1621-9
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/CMD.2008.4580513
Date Published in Issue: 2008-07-29 13:05:48.0
Abstract
As reported in very researches, the majority failure mechanism in cable terminations is predominantly involving partial discharge deterioration caused by voids, contaminants and protrusion. The partial discharge measurement is an effective way to detect such defects. However, no research shows the relation between the magnitude of partial discharge and remaining life of cable termination. Hence, it is hard to make decision to replace the unqualified cable termination immediately or lately for an in-service cable termination, while the partial discharge activities are measured. Based on authorspsila experiences, different defects have different ageing speed to breakdown. Therefore, recognition of defects is an alternative way to assess the degree of risks. This paper sets up a series test to figure out the properties of partial discharge activities caused by different defects, including wrong position of stress cone, void left, tape left, and needle pricked. Test results show the different properties of different defects, and these characteristics can be used to recognize defects inside cable termination.
6.
The UHF method for measurement of partial discharge and interference suppression
Qingguo Chen Yonghong Wang Xinlao Wei
Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Harbin Univ. of Sci. & Technol., China
This paper appears in: Electrical Insulating Materials, 2005. (ISEIM 2005). Proceedings of 2005 International Symposium on
Publication Date: 5-9 June 2005
Volume: 3
On page(s): 829 - 832 Vol. 3
Number of Pages: 3 vol. (xx+892)
ISBN: 4-88686-063-X
INSPEC Accession Number:8531461
Date Published in Issue: 2005-08-22 11:44:32.0
Abstract
In recent years, the ultra high frequency (UHF) method is employed to reduce and avoid the noises effects on partial discharge (PD) detection for the power transformer on-site. In order to know the UHF signal radiation from the partial discharge in oil impregnated insulation and its propagation characteristics in a transformer tank, the experiments have been carried out in high voltage laboratory. The current impulse waveforms of PD and its UHF signals are measured through the partial discharge detecting circuit and a coupler, respectively. The results show that the electromagnetic wave can be excited from the partial discharge in oil-impregnated insulation with the higher frequency than that in air. The propagation and attenuation characteristics of UHF signals in a metal tank are different from that in opening air. The experimental results also show that the UHF signal can be radiated from the inside of a metal tank through a wire, which makes it possible to measure partial discharge for the power transformer with the coupler fixed at the outside of the tank.
7.
Knowledge-based diagnosis of partial discharges in power transformers
Strachan, S.M. Rudd, S. McArthur, S.D.J. Judd, M.D. Meijer, S. Gulski, E.
Univ. of Strathclyde, Glasgow
This paper appears in: Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on [see also Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on]
Publication Date: February 2008
Volume: 15 , Issue: 1
On page(s): 259 - 268
Number of Pages: 259 - 268
Location: Xi''an, China
ISSN: 1070-9878
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/T-DEI.2008.4446759
Date Published in Issue: 2008-02-07 10:04:12.0
Abstract
The abstraction of meaningful diagnostic information from raw con***ion monitoring data in domains where diagnostic expertise and knowledge is limited and constantly evolving presents a significant research challenge. Expert diagnosis and location of partial discharges in high voltage electrical plant is one such domain. This paper describes the functionality of a knowledge-based decision support system capable of providing engineers with a comprehensive diagnosis of the defects responsible for partial discharge activity detected in oil-filled power transformers. Plant data captured from partial discharge (PD) sensors can be processed to generate phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) patterns. This paper proposes a means of abstracting the salient features characterizing the observed PRPD patterns. Captured knowledge describing the visual interpretation of these patterns can be applied for defect diagnosis and location. The knowledge-based PRPD pattern interpretation system can support on-line plant con***ion assessment and defect diagnosis by presenting a comprehensive diagnosis of PD activity detected and classification of the defect source. The paper also discusses how the system justifies its diagnosis of the PD activity to offer the expert greater confidence in the result, a feature generally absent in ''black-box'' pattern recognition techniques. The incremental approach exhibited by the system reflects that of a PD expert''s visual interpretation of the PRPD pattern. The paper describes how this functional system design has evolved from the approach taken by PD experts to the visual interpretation of PRPD patterns.
8.
Pulse-sequence-analysis-chances to characterize defects
Patsch, R. Berton, F.
Inst. of Mater. & Diagnostics in Electr. Eng., Siegen Univ., Germany;
This paper appears in: Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, 1999 Annual Report Conference on
Publication Date: 17-20 Oct. 1999
On page(s): 243 - 248 vol.1
Number of Pages: 2 vol. xvii+xiii+833
Meeting Date: 10/17/1999 - 10/20/1999
Location: Austin, TX
ISBN: 0-7803-5414-1
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/CEIDP.1999.804636
Date Published in Issue: 2002-08-06 22:44:16.0
Abstract
Partial discharge data are often used to get information about the ageing situation of high voltage equipment. Local defects generate characteristic sequences of partial discharges that also contain information about the critical regions in which the partial discharges occur. This information can be drawn efficiently from the sequence of the partial discharge events and especially the analysis of the sequence of the changes of the applied external voltage that are necessary to trigger the next discharge event. By means of the Pulse-Sequence-Analysis (PSA) more meaningful results can be drawn than from the commonly used phase-correlated collection and evaluation of partial discharge data. With regard to the total number of registered and evaluated discharge events, data collected from various defects in high voltage equipment show that the analysis of short homogeneous sequences is more meaningful than the analysis of the sequence of e.g. 5000 partial discharge events as a whole

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1- Synchronization in digital communications networks.
Kartaschoff, P.
Swiss PTT Res. & Dev. Lab., Bern;
This paper appears in: Proceedings of the IEEE
Publication Date: Jul 1991
Volume: 79, Issue: 7
On page(s): 1019-1028
ISSN: 0018-9219
References Cited: 55
CODEN: IEEPAD
INSPEC Accession Number: 4043889
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/5.84979
Date Published in Issue: 2002-08-06 17:53:37.0
Abstract
The general aspects of timing and synchronization in digital communications networks are reviewed. The properties of the links and nodes carrying and switching time-multiplexed digital signals determine the throughput and performance of a network. The continuity and integrity con***ions for the digital information flow, where timing faults cause errors and loss of information, determine the requirements on accurate clock signal distribution. The dominant type of architecture for network synchronization is based on the master-slave hierarchy principle
link: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?tp=&arnumber=84979&isnumber=2781
2- Using Mathematica(R) to explore the behaviour ofphase-locked loops.
Clement, R.A. Muldoon, M. Broomhead, D. Smith, P.D. Brennan, P. Bullock, R.
Defence Evaluation & Res. Agency, Fort Halstead;
This paper appears in: The Use of Systems Analysis and Modelling Tools: Experiences and Applications (Ref. No. 1998/413), IEE Colloquium on
Publication Date: 20 Mar 1998
On page(s): 4/1-4/6
Location: London, UK
References Cited: 6
INSPEC Accession Number: 5946072
Date Published in Issue: 2002-08-06 21:40:39.0
Abstract
The motivation for this project was to gain a better understanding of the nonlinear behaviour of a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit. The existence of chaos in an ordinary PLL circuit being used for frequency demodulation was demonstrated by Endo et al. (1988), and in this paper some of the previous results and recent developments are demonstrated using Mathematica. We have found that investigation of the nonlinear behaviour of the PLL has benefited from inputs from more than one discipline. In this context, an advantage of Mathematica is that it provides a convenient framework in which the results from various disciplines can be exchanged. The physics-based analytical tools can be computed symbolically, the electronics-based behavioural models of circuits can be solved numerically, and the geometric techniques of nonlinear dynamics can be implemented straightforwardly.
link:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?tp=&arnumber=673819&isnumber=14808
3- A method for carrier frequency and phase synchronization of two autonomous cooperative transmitters.
Brown, D.R., III Prince, G.B. McNeill, J.A.
Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Worcester Polytech. Inst., MA, USA;
This paper appears in: Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications, 2005 IEEE 6th Workshop on
Publication Date: 5-8 June 2005
On page(s): 260- 264
ISSN:
ISBN: 0-7803-8867-4
INSPEC Accession Number: 8670183
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/SPAWC.2005.1505912
Date Published in Issue: 2005-09-12 09:07:48.0
Abstract
Cooperative communication protocols in which two or more sources transmit simultaneously in a single subchannel offer the potential for increased power efficiency and achievable rate with respect to orthogonal transmit cooperation. These protocols are, however, complicated by the fact that they require strict transmitter synchronization in order for the carrier signals from each source to arrive in phase and constructively combine at the intended destination. This paper develops an explicit method for synchronizing the carriers of two sources in a cooperative communication system with one destination. Unlike the prior work in this area, the approach described in this paper allows for source and/or destination mobility. The performance of the proposed carrier synchronization system is investigated for several channel models and practical design considerations are also discussed.
link: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1505912
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Tên tài liệu: Design of an extended Kalman filter frequency tracker
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Tiêu đề tài liệu / Document title
Dynamic thermal modeling of distribution transformers
Mô hình nhiệt động lực học máy biến áp phân phối
Các tác giả / Author(s)
SUSA Dejan (1) ; LEHTONEN Matti (1) ; NORDMAN Hasse (2) ;
Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)
(1) Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo 02015, FINLANDE
(2) ABB Oy, Vaasa 65101, FINLANDE
Tóm tắt / Abstract
A comprehensive test program was performed on a 2500-kVA oil natural-air natural cooling mode (ONAN) transformer without external cooling. It is shown that the hot-spot to top-oil temperature gradient depends on the transformer construction. The top-oil time constant formula, which has already been defined and validated in the authors'' previous work related to transformers with external cooling, is modified in order to take into account the basic design differences. The results are verified by thermocouple measurements and tests at varying loading current. The hot-spot and top-oil temperature responses predicted by the IEEE Loading Guide, Annex G, are also compared to the measured values.
Một chương trình thử toàn diện thực hiện trên máy biến áp 2500 kVA kiểu làm mát bằng không khí và dầu tuần hoàn tự nhiên không có bộ tản nhiệt bên ngoài. Cho thấy rằng gradien nhiệt độ điểm nóng (hot-spot) so với nhiệt độ dầu lớp trên phụ thuộc vào cấu trúc máy biến áp. Công thức hằng số thời gian dầu lớp trên , đã được xác định và hợp thức trong công trình trước đây của tác giả liên quan đến các máy biến áp có bộ làm mát bên ngoài, được sửa đổi lại để tính khác với thiết kế cơ bản. Các kết quả được kiểm tra bằng các phép đo nhiệt ngẫu và thử nghiệm ở dòng tải thay đổi. Nhứng đáp ứng nhiệt độ điểm nóng và nhiệt độ dầu lớp trên được dự báo theo Hướng dẫn mang tải IEEE, phụ lục G, cũng được so sánh với các giá trị đo.
Tiêu đề tạp chí / Journal Title
IEEE transactions on power delivery ISSN 0885-8977 CODEN ITPDE5
Nguồn / Source
2005, vol. 20, no3, pp. 1919-1929 [11 page(s) (article)] (14 ref.)
Ngôn ngữ / Language
Anglais
E***eur / Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, NY, ETATS-UNIS (1986) (Revue)
Từ khoá tiếng Anh / English Keywords
Substation ; Comparative study ; IEEE standards ; Loading test(mechanics) ; Temperature measurement ; Thermocouple ; Time constant ; Temperature gradient ; Hot spot ; Electric transformer ; Cooling by air ; Natural cooling ; Transformer substation ; Dynamic model ;
Từ khoá tác giả / Author Keywords
Distribution transformer ; hot-spot temperature ; top-oil temperature ;
Vị trí / Location
INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 21015 B, 35400013222709.0180
Copyright 2008 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved
Toute reproduction ou diffusion même partielle, par quelque procédé ou sur tout support que ce soit, ne pourra être faite sans l''accord préalable écrit de l''INIST-CNRS.
No part of these records may be reproduced of distributed, in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of INIST-CNRS
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