Thiết giáp-tăng-nghệ thuật tác chiến cơ giới cơ động

Em xin trích dẩn một số thông tin về hệ thống Anti- ATGM của Nga một vấn đề gây tranh cải hihiii...
hình T80U với Arena
Arena E Active Protection System installed on T-80U
A more complete hemispheric protection is the Russian Arena E ?" developed by the Russian company KBM. The system is designed to protect the tank from attacks of anti-tank guided missiles launched from the ground and by attack helicopter and lightweight anti-tank grenades (such as RPG). The system weighs between 1 ?" 1.3 tons (depending on the coverage and configuration) and uses a fixed, omni-directional radar, that covers a sector of 220 ?" 290 degrees around the tank. The protective charges are housed in a "belt" of 22-26 protective charges (depending on the turret size and shape), each positioned to cover a specific sector. Once an incoming threat is detected by the radar, the system ejects a charge above and sideways from the tank, to a position best suited for intercepting the target. As the charge explodes, it throws a deadly hail of fragments downward, to shutter and destroy the incoming projectile. The system is capable of engaging incoming missiles, at speeds ranging from 70 to 700 meters per second. The system creates a virtual "cone" shaped shield at a radius of 20-30 meters from the tank, and its response time, from target detection to destruction is 0.07 seconds. When the system is triggered, a warning signal is activated, to warn infantrymen that may be following the tank to open some distance or take cover. The status of the Arena E system is unclear, although the system was seen in public since the mid 1990s, it is believed that funding problems delayed final development and deployment of the system.
While Arena-E provides an effective protection against many types of anti-tank threats, from RPGs to fast missiles such as Hellfire and TOW, it cannot defeat fast missiles (such as HVM) and tank projectiles, such as HEAT shaped charge projectiles and APFSDS penetrators. Different countermeasures are being examined to defeat these threats, including the deployment of steel bars, which are accelerated into the projected flight path of the incoming projectile. The kinetic energy discharged from the collision between the steel bar and the projectile can disintegrate or destabilize the projectile, shift it from its course, or cause it to hit the target at angles that do not facilitate effective penetration.
Arena có thể chống được ATGM ở một mức độ nào đó . nhưng em thấy việc phát triển hệ thống thông tin kỹ thuật số nhằm thiết lập mạng thông tin "sống " trên chiến trường trong hệ thống Full spectrum active protected của Phú lang sa , Mỹ và Do thái hợp tác nghiên cứu nhằm tạo khả năng hợp đồng giữa các xe , giưa xe với các binh chủng khác trợ lực nhau vẩn là cách làm hay hơn . tank dùng Arena dùng rocket bắn bi thép chống ATGM khiến nó khó hành quân chung với bộ binh và xe thép nhẹ khác . hiện vấn đề này đang gây tranh cải gay gắt nhưng hầu như ít nước nào sẵn lòng bỏ tiền nghiên cứu theo hướng Arena . Đa số muốn thiết lập mạng tông tin kỹ thuật số trên chiến trường . Thời đại ngày nay là thời đại thông tin . Ai đi trước trong công nghệ thông tin người đó sẻ đi trước trên chiến trường trận địa chiến . Người lính ngày nay không độc lập tác chiến . một tank lên trận là một lực lượng hổ trợ thông tin vĩ hoàn chỉnh đi theo từ tin tình báo cho đến vô số thiết bị trinh sát và hợp đồng liên binh chủng . Chiến trường Tank ngày nay như Sân cỏ người châu Âu . Lực lượng Tank nào được chế tạo để có thể kết nối thông tin với mọi người tham chiến , mọi binh chủng , lực lượng Tank đó sẽ có nhiều cơ hội chiến thắng .

Hệ thống shtora-1
A typical deployment of IR jammer can be seen on the Russian T-90, which mounts the Shtora-1 Defensive Aids System (DAS) shown on picture, with Kontakt5 ERA modules (left). The system protects the tank against guided missiles, using both the semi-active command to line of sight (SACLOS) guidance, by an IR source that mimics the flare on the back of missiles, as well as laser beam riders and laser-homing weapons. It should be effective against missiles such as the TOW, HOT, AT-4, AT-5 and Sagger (Malyutka). The Russian system also has some capability to counter laser-guided munitions and ATGMs (Such as Hellfire, Kornet etc).
A typical deployment of IR jammer can be seen on the Russian T-90, which mounts the Shtora-1 Defensive Aids System (DAS) shown on picture, with Kontakt5 ERA modulesShtora-1 uses a laser warning device operating in the 0.65-1.6 micron range, comprising of an array of coarse (photo below right) and fine resolution (photo below left) sensors, mounted externally on the turret. Each of the rough (coarse) laser sensor covers Infrared jammer TShU1-7, part of the SHTORA-1 DASa sector of 135 degrees, while the fine sensor covers a 45 degrees, with 3.75 degrees angle of arrival resolution, and -5 to 25 deg. elevation coverage. The system can automatically slew the turret and gun at the direction of the threat, to optimize the deployment of a thermal smoke screen or activation of active protection systems. The sensor detects laser illuminating and alerts the crew and defensive systems. The warning display provides the commander and gunner with threat warning cueing, by sector (at a resolution of 5 degrees) and at a resolution of 3.75 degrees at the 90 deg. frontal arc. The display also provides jammer and countermeasures status indication. Countermeasures can employ a 81mm thermal instant smoke grenades, which deploy an instant smoke screen at a range of 50-80 meters from the tank, within 1.5 - 3 seconds. The 20 meter wide, 15 meter high screen blocks visual, thermal and laser (0.4 - 14 micron) wave bands. The system also employs a pair of electro-optical jammer, designated TShU1-7, which "hijacks" the missile''s command link by feeding the tracker with modulated signals that cause the missile to deviate from its course, and away from its intended target.

Hệ thống shtora-1
A typical deployment of IR jammer can be seen on the Russian T-90, which mounts the Shtora-1 Defensive Aids System (DAS) shown on picture, with Kontakt5 ERA modules (left). The system protects the tank against guided missiles, using both the semi-active command to line of sight (SACLOS) guidance, by an IR source that mimics the flare on the back of missiles, as well as laser beam riders and laser-homing weapons. It should be effective against missiles such as the TOW, HOT, AT-4, AT-5 and Sagger (Malyutka). The Russian system also has some capability to counter laser-guided munitions and ATGMs (Such as Hellfire, Kornet etc).
A typical deployment of IR jammer can be seen on the Russian T-90, which mounts the Shtora-1 Defensive Aids System (DAS) shown on picture, with Kontakt5 ERA modulesShtora-1 uses a laser warning device operating in the 0.65-1.6 micron range, comprising of an array of coarse (photo below right) and fine resolution (photo below left) sensors, mounted externally on the turret. Each of the rough (coarse) laser sensor covers Infrared jammer TShU1-7, part of the SHTORA-1 DASa sector of 135 degrees, while the fine sensor covers a 45 degrees, with 3.75 degrees angle of arrival resolution, and -5 to 25 deg. elevation coverage. The system can automatically slew the turret and gun at the direction of the threat, to optimize the deployment of a thermal smoke screen or activation of active protection systems. The sensor detects laser illuminating and alerts the crew and defensive systems. The warning display provides the commander and gunner with threat warning cueing, by sector (at a resolution of 5 degrees) and at a resolution of 3.75 degrees at the 90 deg. frontal arc. The display also provides jammer and countermeasures status indication. Countermeasures can employ a 81mm thermal instant smoke grenades, which deploy an instant smoke screen at a range of 50-80 meters from the tank, within 1.5 - 3 seconds. The 20 meter wide, 15 meter high screen blocks visual, thermal and laser (0.4 - 14 micron) wave bands. The system also employs a pair of electro-optical jammer, designated TShU1-7, which "hijacks" the missile''s command link by feeding the tracker with modulated signals that cause the missile to deviate from its course, and away from its intended target.

Hệ thống Drozd
The first and probably the world''s only operationally deployed APS developed by the Russian KBP company was the 1030M Drozd (Thrush), a which was first installed on a T- 55AD MBT in 1983s. The automatic system is capable of defeating anti-tank guided missiles and grenades, approaching at speeds between 70 to 700 meters per second. The system employed eight 107mm anti-missile rockets, triggered by a pair of millimeter-wave radar sensors mounted on either side of the turret facing forwards. This configuration utilized the turret traverse to slew the protective devices into position. The rockets use time delay fuzing to activate a fragmentation charge at a safe distance from the tank. It is assumed that each radar sensor and rocket quad covers 40 degrees of the frontal arc. with an elevation of -6 +20 degrees. The rockets can be fired at any direction the turret points at, and rely on the the radar for early warning, target detection and intercept parameters (speed and direction). The original Drozd two quad-round launchers, utilizing four High Explosive Fragmentation charges, weighing 19kg each. The total system''s weight is below 1,000kg. To provide 120 degrees coverage, Drozd-2 system was proposed, with five twin-rocket launch tubes and sensors mounted on different locations. The system is currently offered for the upgraded version of the T-80U. It is also proposed for the "Black Eagle" project.

Hệ thống Awiss
Active countermeasures are developed in Germany by Diehl, under the AWiSS program. The system is designed as a lightweight suite, adaptable for the protection of heavy and light vehicles.
Experimental AWiSS system installed on a German Leopard 2The system comprises of search and track Ka band radar, capable of operation in low visibility con***ions. After the threat is detected by the radar, the directional countermeasure unit is rapidly traversed, at rapid slewing rate (over 600 degrees/sec.) aiming at the general directional of the threat. At this stage the target is handed over to the launcher mounted sensor, which performs the ballistic calculations for the final intercept. Each launcher has three-or four canister launchers that fire grenades ahead of the vehicle, in the direction of the incoming threat.
AWiSS uses a 3kg grenade, which can engage anti-tank missiles and anti tank rockets (such as RPGs). The system has a response rate of 355 ms - detecting incoming threats at a range of 75 meters and engaging them with a grenade at a range of 10 meters from the target.
AWiSS is desegned to defeat RPGs and other Anti Tank munitions fired from close range, as well as standoff AT missiles. It also offers significant reduction of a Kinetic Energy (KE) projectile''s penetration capability.
AWiSS system comprised of a radar and two launchers provides 360 degrees coverage and weighs 400kg. The system adds 400mm elevation above the armor, and requires ad***ional 400 mm clearance under the armor.

Hệ thống Awiss
Active countermeasures are developed in Germany by Diehl, under the AWiSS program. The system is designed as a lightweight suite, adaptable for the protection of heavy and light vehicles.
Experimental AWiSS system installed on a German Leopard 2The system comprises of search and track Ka band radar, capable of operation in low visibility con***ions. After the threat is detected by the radar, the directional countermeasure unit is rapidly traversed, at rapid slewing rate (over 600 degrees/sec.) aiming at the general directional of the threat. At this stage the target is handed over to the launcher mounted sensor, which performs the ballistic calculations for the final intercept. Each launcher has three-or four canister launchers that fire grenades ahead of the vehicle, in the direction of the incoming threat.
AWiSS uses a 3kg grenade, which can engage anti-tank missiles and anti tank rockets (such as RPGs). The system has a response rate of 355 ms - detecting incoming threats at a range of 75 meters and engaging them with a grenade at a range of 10 meters from the target.
AWiSS is desegned to defeat RPGs and other Anti Tank munitions fired from close range, as well as standoff AT missiles. It also offers significant reduction of a Kinetic Energy (KE) projectile''s penetration capability.
AWiSS system comprised of a radar and two launchers provides 360 degrees coverage and weighs 400kg. The system adds 400mm elevation above the armor, and requires ad***ional 400 mm clearance under the armor.

Hệ thống gây nhiểu KBCM
GIAT Industries is developing a modular countermeasure kit designed for mounting on modern armored fighting vehicles. The system was developed by the French Army. The system utilizes the DAL laser warning system and DDM missile launch detection system, smoke countermeasures and electro-opticalIR jammer modulated to jam the missile operator''s deviation sight. The system is considered for mounting on Leclerc and AMX-30B2 tanks, AMX-10RC and VBCI APCs.

Hệ thống gây nhiểu KBCM
GIAT Industries is developing a modular countermeasure kit designed for mounting on modern armored fighting vehicles. The system was developed by the French Army. The system utilizes the DAL laser warning system and DDM missile launch detection system, smoke countermeasures and electro-opticalIR jammer modulated to jam the missile operator''s deviation sight. The system is considered for mounting on Leclerc and AMX-30B2 tanks, AMX-10RC and VBCI APCs.

Hệ thống MUSS
The prototype system is currently under development at Krauss Maffei Wegmann and EADS under a technology evaluation of the Federal office of Defense Technology & Procurement (BWB). During the test phase, the system was mounted on a Leopard 2 tank which successfully defended itself against various missile threats. MUSS weighs 65 to 160kg, depending on the equipment application, uses a combination of four sensors each covering an arc of 95x70 degrees, with a resolution of +/- 1.5 degrees. The sensors employ UV missile launch signature and laser detectors. When a threat is detected, the system responds within 1 ?" 1.5 seconds activating a smoke screen or directing infrared jamming signal toward the launching platform. During testing integration of the MUSS was designed for BOXER, FENNEK, and PUMA vehicles, as well as the Leopard 2A5 tanks.

Hệ thống MUSS
The prototype system is currently under development at Krauss Maffei Wegmann and EADS under a technology evaluation of the Federal office of Defense Technology & Procurement (BWB). During the test phase, the system was mounted on a Leopard 2 tank which successfully defended itself against various missile threats. MUSS weighs 65 to 160kg, depending on the equipment application, uses a combination of four sensors each covering an arc of 95x70 degrees, with a resolution of +/- 1.5 degrees. The sensors employ UV missile launch signature and laser detectors. When a threat is detected, the system responds within 1 ?" 1.5 seconds activating a smoke screen or directing infrared jamming signal toward the launching platform. During testing integration of the MUSS was designed for BOXER, FENNEK, and PUMA vehicles, as well as the Leopard 2A5 tanks.