Tiềm lực quân sự Hoa Kỳ - Phần 3

Thằng trực thăng kliểu nầy thì Nga vạn kiếp cũng chưa đứng tối đũng quần đế quốc Mỹ. Thơm thật.

Booster cho ARES khai hoả thử nghiệm thành công. hơn 600 thiết bị cảm ứng trong hơn 2 phút khai hỏa đã ghi nhận tất cả thông tin cần thiết. Rocket nầy dùng nhiên liệu rắn hoàn toàn mới và có dư972ng kính lớn hơn loại dùng cho tầu con thoi. sức đẩy hơn 3 triệu Lbs chỉ với một động cơ duy nhất. Nga để tạo sức đẩy lớn họ dùng tổ hợp nhiều động cơ. Nga có kinh nghiệm tốt với nhiện liệu lỏng còn rắn thì...lẹt đẹt lắm.

Ô hô, bạn Andrew!
Bạn chưa đọc các báo cáo mới nhất rồi!
Ares-I đang gặp vấn đề cần phải thay engine. Có điều các nhà thầu vẫn cố duy trì nó.
Bản thân chính phủ thì không muốn dù tốn 3 tỷ $ rồi, nhưng nếu tiếp tục chi phí còn lớn hơn.
Bạn Andrew còn nhầm nữa là Nga gặp vấn đề với Bulava chứ không phải tên lửa nhiên liệu rắn.

Lão Hít chỉ lo hít thông tin chống Mỹ tào lao coi chừng ngộ độc. Vấn đề của ARES cũng là vấn đề của 100% các chương trình chính phủ Mỹ. Ai cũng muốn có phần của mình nên bao giờ cũng có vô số bài bới móc nhau. Muốn xem thông tin cứ vô trang của NASA mà coi. Hiện thằng Boeing và lốc hít tất cả đều chỉ trích ARES tốn tiền trong khi họ có những chương trình riêng có thể cải tiến thanh cho ARES với giá rẻ hơn. Vấn đề trục trắc lớn nhất của ARES là sức chấn động quá lớn của động cơ rắn khủ ng long làm tốn thương các thiết bị điện tử. Cứ chờ mà xem người Mỹ chúng tôi sẽ dùng ARES để xây dựng căn cứ mặt trăng ra sao nhé bạn Hít. Ngày nay khói độc nhiều nên Hít cần khẩu trang nhá.

Một bài viết khá đầy đủ về F-22. Tiếng Anh và dài lắm. Chịu khó vậy. Muốn biết cần chịu khó mà.
http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/f22-raptor-procurement-events-updated-02908/
The 5th-generation F-22A Raptor fighter program has been the subject of fierce controversy, with advocates and detractors aplenty. On the one hand, the aircraft offers full stealth, revolutionary radar and sensor capabilities, dual air-air and air-ground SEAD capabilities, the ability to cruise above Mach 1 without afterburners, thrust-vectoring super-maneuverability? and a ridiculously lopsided kill record in exercises against the best American fighters. On the other hand, critics charge that it?Ts too expensive, too limited, and cripples the USAF?Ts overall force structure. Meanwhile, close American allies like Australia, Japan and Israel, and other allies like Korea, are pressing the USA to abandon its ?ono export? policy. Most already fly F-15s, but they?Tre interested in an export version of the F-22 in order to help them deal with advanced ?" and advancing ?" Russian-designed aircraft, air-to-air missiles, and surface-to-air missile systems.
This DID FOCUS Article covers both sides of the F-22 controversies in the USA and abroad, and it will also be updated over time to cover and backfill contracts and events related to the F-22A Raptor program. This article has been restored to full public access, as F-22 program winds down to its end.
Recent updates include significant votes in the House and Senate, which will effectively end American F-22 production. But contracts continue, including a recent order for training systems?
The F-22 Raptor: Key Capabilities
From YF-22 to F-22
(click to view full)The Raptor had a long development history, and been the focus of controversy, cost concerns, Congressional cutbacks, and some lessons learned.
At the same time, the Raptor has done extremely well in exercises against F-15s, with reported kill ratios of up to 108:0 during Exercise Northern Edge 2006. While it?Ts always wise to take such figures with a grain of salt until one has reviewed the exercise setup and con***ions in full, the raw number is impressive. During the 1970s and 1980s, for instance, F-15s matched up against far less sophisticated F-5s generally had kill ratios of about 8:1, which dropped close to parity when greatly outnumbered. That hasn?Tt happened with the F-22, even when paired against the USA?Ts most advanced current fighters. Advocates contend that the F-22?Ts combination of stealth, vectored thrust, range, advanced surveillance electronics with potential electronic warfare applications, and sustained supersonic flight (aka ?osupercruise?) arguably place it in a class by itself among the world?Ts combat aircraft. Key advantages include:
Embedded Sensors + Sensor Fusion: The goal is to have the pilot focus on dealing with the enemy, rather than dealing with the aircraft. Right now, fighters have multiple sensors and information-sharing links, shown on multiple displays that often require button pressing to switch back and forth. The F-22?Ts central integrated processor (CIP) offers the equivalent of 2 Cray supercomputers, used for ?osensor fusion? that aims to put all of the information the plane is gathering into one simple display. Furthermore, a radical design departure embeds passive sensors for various wavelengths all around the plane?Ts structure. This greatly improves first detection ability, even with its radar off; and the combination with sensor fusion means that F-22 pilots are almost certain to know where their opponents are, long before the reverse is true.
The F-35 shares this approach. It uses even more modern internal electronics, and a wider array of sensors. Including infared and TV sensors that can be used to target both aerial and ground foes at the same level as top-end targeting pods and air-to-air IRST systems.
All-Aspect Stealth: The F-22A offers full stealth, unlike the F-35 which has a very good radar profile from the front, a less stealthy profile from the sides, and a least stealthy profile from the rear quarter. Note that stealth is not invisibility. It merely shortens the range at which an aircraft can be detected by opponents on the ground or in the air, and makes radar lock for engagements harder to achieve and to keep. The F-22?Ts stealth level shortens those ranges considerably from all enemy positions, even those that use new VHF radars. See this surprising review from Red Flag ?oColonial Flag? 2007, as an Australian exchange pilot offers his impressions:
?oI can?Tt see the [expletive deleted] thing,? said RAAF Squadron Leader Stephen Chappell, exchange F-15 pilot in the 65th Aggressor Squadron. ?oIt won?Tt let me put a weapons system on it, even when I can see it visually through the canopy. [Flying against the F-22] annoys the hell out of me.?
Note that an EA-18G aircraft has managed a radar-guided missile kill on an F-22 in combat exercises, so it can be done. Again, stealth isn?Tt invisibility ?" but it can make the F-22 a very slippery opponent that can engage or disengage from combat much more easily than previous radar-age fighters. That?Ts especially important during attacks against the most sophisticated anti-aircraft missile sites, enemy AWACS aircraft, and other difficult targets. Those high-end scenarios would become problematic in a plane that had position-dependent vulnerabilities on the way in, or became a much bigger target when it?Ts flying away.
APG-77 AESA TestAgile-beam AESA Radar: Turning on a radar can be like turning on a flashlight in a dark field ?" it can be seen farther than the holder can see with it. Northrop Grumman?Ts AN/APG-77 radar uses hard-to-detect ?oagile frequency? beams that are very hard for enemies to ?osee?. Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radars are becoming more common on fighters, due to their improved reliability, power, and flexibility; F-15s are being retrofitted, and the F-35 will carry the smaller but similar AN/APG-81. Future AESA capabilities may also include electronic warfare and high-bandwidth communications.
Supercruise: The ability to fly above Mach 1 without using afterburners. Most fighters stay below Mach 1 for the vast majority of their service lives ?" including in combat ?" because of how much fuel is consumed. The Raptor?Ts 2 Pratt & Whitney F119 engines offer 35,000 pounds of thrust each, giving F-22s the ability to cruise at Mach 1.5+ without using fuel-guzzling afterburners.
Advantages include missiles and bombs that fly farther when launched at supersonic speeds, longer range combat air patrols with more time spent over target, the ability to engage and disengage more easily against non-supercruising enemy fighters, and less time for enemies around high-value or highly-defended targets to spot an incoming F-22. When combined with the F-22?Ts stealth and stretched missile ranges, it becomes especially hard for enemies to protect high value aerial assets like AWACS planes and aerial tankers.
To date, the F-22 is the only operational aircraft capable of supercruise while carrying weapons. The F-35 will not supercruise, and design and airflow limitations mean that adding it would require fundamental physical redesign. Lockheed Martin says the F-35 is designed for better transonic acceleration that current top-line fighters, but outside studies are less confident, and transonic sustainability remains the key tactical question.
Indra Dhanush: SU-30MKI,
RAF Typhoon & Tornado F3
(click to view full)Super-maneuverability: The F119 engines can direct their thrust 20 degrees up or down using movable nozzles, an ability called thrust vectoring. That changes the plane?Ts aerodynamic limitations, allowing tighter and more sustained high-g turns, stall maneuvers that don?Tt stall the plane , and the ability *****ddenly point the plane onto targets, in ways that other aircraft find hard to match or predict.
At present, the Russian SU-30MKI/M aircraft bought by India and Malaysia offer full 360-degree thrust vectoring, albeit with a less durable system. Other SU-30 family variants like the SU-35, and UAC?Ts new MiG-29OVT/MiG-35, are installing similar technology. The F-35 will not offer combat thrust vectoring, relying instead on a new system that will try to leverage embedded sensors and datalinked missiles in order to make maneuvering unnecessary.
Intimidation: If the enemy won?Tt show up, or has to forego targets, you win before fighting even begins. A country trying to protect high-value assets like key installations, aerial tankers, or AWACS aircraft gains a considerable advantage if any strike against them risks running into a superior defender who can?Tt be seen beforehand. The attacker must either risk failure in some attacks, or concentrate each attack and end up avoiding some targets. All before combat is even joined.
On a larger scale, the experience of the Iran-Iraq war is illustrative, and relevant. The Iranian F-14 Tomcats?T ultra long-range AWG-9 radars, and missiles that included the AIM-54 Phoenix, meant that Iraqi planes would just start blowing up ?" without warning, and without the ability to see their ?oinvisible? attacker. Losses were not extreme, but Farzad and Bishop?Ts research reports that once the USA started passing its own radar data to the Iraqis, the IqAF often stood down in sectors when Iranian F-14 Tomcats were present.
F-22A and F/A-18E Super Hornet
(click to view full)F-22 pilot Lt. Col. Wade Tolliver responded to charges of sub-standard F-22 performance in a June 13/06 Virginian-Pilot article, and illustrated a number of the points above:
?oIn the Raptor, ?oI can outmaneuver an F-16, F-15, F-18. It doesn?Tt matter?? [and] the F-22?Ts radar works in a way that allows him to use it without revealing himself. Though its exact workings are classified, the F-22 is known to emit radar signals in extremely short bursts over multiple frequencies.
?oEven if you detect me, you?Tre not going to know where I am a second from now,? said Joe Quimb, a spokesman for Lockheed Martin, the Raptor?Ts principal builder.
Tolliver said that radar and other sensors, along with information fed into the Raptor?Ts computers from ground-based radars and other planes, gives F-22 pilots an exceptional, unified view of potential threats and targets aloft and on the ground?. ?oIt?Ts amazing the information you have at your fingertips,? Tolliver said. In no-holds-barred mock battles with F-15s, F-16s and the Navy?Ts F/A-18 Hornets, he and other Raptor pilots generally ?odestroy? their adversaries before those foes even realize they?Tre around?.?
That was proven in the June 2006 Northern Edge exercise, when even E-2C and E-3 AWACS aircraft reportedly weren?Tt much help against the F-22. After their missiles were fired, the F-22?Ts active & passive sensor capabilities functioned as the Raptor?Ts last weapon. Northern Edge 2006?Ts Raptors remained in the fight, flying as stealthy forward air controllers and guiding their colleagues to enemies sitting behind mountains and other ?oBlue Force? AWACS blind spots. When the AIM-120D AMRAAM missile enters wider service, F-22s will also have the option of actively guiding missiles fired by other aircraft.
S-300PMU2/ SA-20
radar & launchers
(click to view full)Many of these capabilities also work together when facing top-end anti-aircraft systems on the ground.
Russian radar and missile systems like the SA-20 and S-400 are extending their ranges to hundreds of kilometers, and their missile performance makes it extremely dangerous for non-stealth aircraft to challenge that perimeter. That response range will make them dangerous even to stealthy aircraft, as their VHF radars improve. Fortunately, their positions are more fixed than aerial opponents. All-aspect stealth helps shorten their detection range from any angle, which can create gaps in coverage. A hyperspectral suite of embedded sensors helps the aircraft map and exploit those gaps in real time, as sensor fusion displays the known safe and danger zones. Supercruise reduces detection times further, and shortens any time inadvertently spent in a danger zone, allowing the aircraft to get close enough to launch its own weapons first. An AN/APG-77 radar with future software upgrades may even be able to provide final-stage jamming of enemy radars.
The F-35 lacks all-aspect stealth, which has caused a number of observers to question its survivability against anti-aircraft systems that have improved a great deal since it was designed as a ?ogood enough? lower-cost fighter. It also lacks supercruise, which enhances its vulnerability by keeping it in the target zone longer. In its favor, it has superior embedded sensors and sensor fusion, and will carry a wider range of weapons internally that include powered strike missiles. It will also be built for several nations in numbers that make investments in new weapons, and upgrades in areas like like AESA radar capability, more likely. The question is whether its first 2 fundamental limitations end up making its advantages irrelevant, especially as enemy systems continue to improve.

Còn đây là động cơ nhiên liệu lỏng cho tầng trên.

Copy cái này từ link trên của bạn Andrew!
Một trong những yếu điểm của F-22. Buồn cười là cái này bạn Kien08 đã nêu ra nhưng bạn Andrew phản đối kịch liệt trước đây.
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Limited Weapon Set: Qualified weapons for the F-22 are limited: short-range AIM-9 Sidewinder and medium range AIM-120 AMRAAM air-to-air missiles, and the JDAM family of bombs including the GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb glide weapon. An F-22 can carry up to 8 GBU-39s, or 2 GBU-32 JDAMs. None of its internally-carried strike weapons are powered, and radar-killing missiles like the AGM-88 HARM/AARGM have not been integrated yet. Key ground-looking radar modes are just being integrated, and important ad***ions like wider field side-looking radar arrays and helmet-mounted sights will not appear until and unless future Block 30/ Block 40 upgrades are funded.
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Phần nói về ưu điểm "Super-maneuverability" của F-22, có ca ngợi tính năng 3d vector-thrust, nhưng mà lại của dòng máy bay Nga.
Supercruise, đọc bài phân tích của bác Antei.

Chuyện F-22 khoang bom hẹp nên chỉ mang giới hạn vũ khí là chuyện con nít cũng biết từ trước khi F-22 ra đời. Nhưng đọc lại bài của Kiên@ đi. @ so sánh khả năng ném bom của F-22 với An-2 và bảo nó không có khả năng đánh mặt đất. cho A-to-A thì AIM-9X và AIM 120 C7,D ngoài cái đó còn cần khác à? F-22 diệt F-15 trong tập trận trên trăm lần mất không? và F-15từng diệt hàng trăm địch thủ trên chiến trường và mất không cho A-to-A. Bản chất của @ là xào thông tin thành thuốc độc nhằm ru ngủ và ngu hoá bạn đọc cho mục đích đen tối vô đạo đức của chúng. Sự tham lam phi nhân bản.