Tiềm lực quân sự Trung Quốc - Phần 1

tin vui
EU không dỡ lệnh cấm vận vũ khí Trung Quốc 10:42'' 19/04/2004 (GMT+7)
Bất chấp mọi nỗ lực hoà giải của Pháp, Liên minh châu Âu (EU), hôm qua (18/4), tuyên bố sẽ không dỡ bỏ lệnh cấm vận vũ khí đối với Trung Quốc sớm.

Quân đội Trung Quốc đang được hiện đại hoá một cách nhanh chóng.
Lệnh cấm vận trên được áp đặt từ năm 1989. Chính phủ Pháp đã nỗ lực thuyết phục các quốc gia thành viên EU, song hầu hết các nước này quyết giữ nguyên lệnh trừng phạt này.
Trong khi đó, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Trung Quốc Lý Triệu Tinh coi lệnh cấm vận vũ khí trên là ''''tàn dư của chến tranh Lạnh",song khẳng định ''''Tất cả mọi điều tốt đều cần có thời gian''''.
''''Điều đó phụ thuộc vào tất cả các bạn bè châu Âu'''', ông Lý Triệu Tinh phát biểu với các quan chức cao cấp EU tại Ireland như vậy. Các nhà sản xuất vũ khí EU đang mong muốn được cung cấp vũ khí cho lực lượng quân sự đang được hiện đại hoá nhanh chóng của Trung Quốc, đối tác thương mại lớn thứ hai của EU sau Mỹ.
Tại hội nghị thượng đỉnh hồi tháng 12 năm ngoái, trước sức ép của Pháp và Đức, các nhà lãnh đạo EU đã đồng ý xem xét việc dỡ bỏ lệnh cấm vận vũ khí đối với Trung Quốc.
Pháp lập luận rằng, lệnh cấm đã ''''lỗi thời'''' và mối quan hệ tốt đẹp giữa Bắc Kinh với EU không có lý gì bị ''''phủ mây đen'''' bởi một lệnh cấm vận như vậy.
Tuy nhiên, Washington - đồng minh chiến lược của EU, cho rằng, việc dỡ bỏ lệnh cấm vận sẽ gây bất ổn định tại khu vực Đông Á, nơi căng thẳng giữa Trung Quốc và Đài Loan, giữa CHDCND Triều Tiên với Hàn Quốc không có dấu hiệu lắng dịu.
http://www.vnn.vn/thegioi/dongbaca/2004/04/59814/

Trung Quốc phóng thành công vệ tinh sử dụng công nghệ NANO, theo như Tân hoa xã thì hai vệ tinh này là vệ tinh nghiên cứu khoa học ... tuy nhiên ai mà biết.
Như vậy TQ là nước thứ tư trên thế giới sau Mỹ, Nga, Anh chế tạo thành công loại vệ tinh này ...
Công nghệ của thằng Tàu tiến ngày càng nhanh ặc ặc .....

Trung Quốc phóng thành công vệ tinh sử dụng công nghệ NANO, theo như Tân hoa xã thì hai vệ tinh này là vệ tinh nghiên cứu khoa học ... tuy nhiên ai mà biết.
Như vậy TQ là nước thứ tư trên thế giới sau Mỹ, Nga, Anh chế tạo thành công loại vệ tinh này ...
Công nghệ của thằng Tàu tiến ngày càng nhanh ặc ặc .....

Cộng hoà nhân dân Trung Hoa tăng cường ngân sách quốc phòng
China more than doubling budgeted military spending this year: Pentagon

Date line: WASHINGTON
China is more than doubling its budgeted defense spending this year as part of an aggressive military modernization strategy, including deterring any moves by Taiwan to declare independence, the Pentagon said.
China''''s official defense budget in 2004 is more than 25 billion dollars.
But when off-budget funding for foreign weapons system imports is included, total defense-related expen***ures this year should soar to between 50 and 70 billion dollars, said Richard Lawless, the deputy undersecretary of defence.
This would rank China third in defense spending after the United States and Russia, he told a Senate hearing where China''''s military reforms were discussed Thursday.
Lawless, who handles security affairs in the Asia-Pacific, said that China''''s People''''s Liberation Army (PLA) had stepped up its modernization plan in recent years to prepare against any separation moves by Taiwan.
"In recent years, the PLA accelerated reform and modernization so as to have a variety of credible military options to deter moves by Taiwan toward permanent separation or, if required, to compel by force the integration of Taiwan under mainland authority," he said.
It also wanted capability to "deter, delay or disrupt third-party intervention in a cross-Strait military crisis," Lawless said.
China claims Taiwan as part of its territory despite a split 55 years ago at the end of a civil war, and has said it would invade if the island declared independence or descended into chaos.
The United States is Taiwan''''s biggest ally and arms supplier and is bound by law to provide weapons to help Taiwan defend itself if the island''''s security is threatened.
But Washington also acknowledges Beijing''''s position that Taiwan is part of China.
Lawless said PLA''''s determined focus on preparing for conflict in the Taiwan Strait "raises serious doubts over Beijing''''s declared policy of seeking ''''peaceful reunification'''' under the ''''one country, two systems'''' model."
He said conventional missile operations was among key areas of reform of the Chinese military.
Beijing''''s growing conventional missile force provides a strategic capability "without the political and practical constraints associated with nuclear-armed missiles."
"The PLA''''s short-range ballistic missiles (SRBMs) provide a survivable and effective conventional strike force and represent a real-time coercive option," he said.
China continues to improve the capabilities of its conventionally-armed SRBM force.
Some 500 to 550 SRBMs are deployed opposite Taiwan, increasing at a rate of 75 a year, Lawless said, adding that the "accuracy and lethality" of this force also were expected to increase through use of satellite-aided guidance systems.
He said China wanted to develop capabilities "to fight and win short duration, high intensity conflicts along its periphery."


© 2004 AFP
u?c spirou s?a vo 18:02 ngy 25/04/2004

Cộng hoà nhân dân Trung Hoa tăng cường ngân sách quốc phòng
China more than doubling budgeted military spending this year: Pentagon

Date line: WASHINGTON
China is more than doubling its budgeted defense spending this year as part of an aggressive military modernization strategy, including deterring any moves by Taiwan to declare independence, the Pentagon said.
China''''s official defense budget in 2004 is more than 25 billion dollars.
But when off-budget funding for foreign weapons system imports is included, total defense-related expen***ures this year should soar to between 50 and 70 billion dollars, said Richard Lawless, the deputy undersecretary of defence.
This would rank China third in defense spending after the United States and Russia, he told a Senate hearing where China''''s military reforms were discussed Thursday.
Lawless, who handles security affairs in the Asia-Pacific, said that China''''s People''''s Liberation Army (PLA) had stepped up its modernization plan in recent years to prepare against any separation moves by Taiwan.
"In recent years, the PLA accelerated reform and modernization so as to have a variety of credible military options to deter moves by Taiwan toward permanent separation or, if required, to compel by force the integration of Taiwan under mainland authority," he said.
It also wanted capability to "deter, delay or disrupt third-party intervention in a cross-Strait military crisis," Lawless said.
China claims Taiwan as part of its territory despite a split 55 years ago at the end of a civil war, and has said it would invade if the island declared independence or descended into chaos.
The United States is Taiwan''''s biggest ally and arms supplier and is bound by law to provide weapons to help Taiwan defend itself if the island''''s security is threatened.
But Washington also acknowledges Beijing''''s position that Taiwan is part of China.
Lawless said PLA''''s determined focus on preparing for conflict in the Taiwan Strait "raises serious doubts over Beijing''''s declared policy of seeking ''''peaceful reunification'''' under the ''''one country, two systems'''' model."
He said conventional missile operations was among key areas of reform of the Chinese military.
Beijing''''s growing conventional missile force provides a strategic capability "without the political and practical constraints associated with nuclear-armed missiles."
"The PLA''''s short-range ballistic missiles (SRBMs) provide a survivable and effective conventional strike force and represent a real-time coercive option," he said.
China continues to improve the capabilities of its conventionally-armed SRBM force.
Some 500 to 550 SRBMs are deployed opposite Taiwan, increasing at a rate of 75 a year, Lawless said, adding that the "accuracy and lethality" of this force also were expected to increase through use of satellite-aided guidance systems.
He said China wanted to develop capabilities "to fight and win short duration, high intensity conflicts along its periphery."


© 2004 AFP
u?c spirou s?a vo 18:02 ngy 25/04/2004

JANE''S DEFENCE WEEKLY - SEPTEMBER 10, 2003
--------------------------
More details disclosed on China''s Su-30MKK2
ROBERT HEWSON E***or, Jane''s Air-Launched Weapons
Moscow
Sukhoi has revealed that the enhanced Su-30MKK2 multirole fighter now under development for China will give Beijing''s air and naval forces an unprecedented level of integrated long-range power projection.
Speaking during the MAKS 2003 air show in Moscow, company officials said the aircraft will feature both an improved precision-attack capability and an entirely new C4ISTAR (command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance) role not previously hinted at.
Sukhoi displayed its Su-30MKK2 development aircraft at the 19-24 August show, along with a number of new sensor systems. Chief among these was the M400 reconnaissance suite - a large podded system capable of housing sensors including a sideways-looking airborne radar (SLAR); a high- and low-altitude TV/infra-red (IR) payload; or a long-range oblique photography (LOROP) camera. The design''s optical sensors are cre***ed with a range of "not less than 70km", while the SLAR is claimed to have a range of "not less than 100km".
Once equipped with the SLAR system, the Su-30MKK2 will have the ability to operate as an airborne command post, tasking/controlling up to 10 other aircraft on a common net, according *****khoi.
The M400 would also be capable of conducting precision targeting tasks against naval and other threats - a key requirement for the long-range variants of the Kh-59 air-to-surface missile now being fielded by China. The new fighter could also have a role in target- finding for Chinese naval forces equipped with long-range strike weapons like the Yakhont anti-ship missile. The M400 system''s SLAR capability has a quoted resolution of 2.0m; the TV/IR equipment a 30cm resolution; and the LOROP system is capable of imaging down to 40cm. The entire reconnaissance system has a real-time datalink that can transmit via a wide-band connection to a ground station, while also recording imagery for onboard analysis.
Sukhoi''s demonstrator aircraft was also fitted with a UOMZ Sapsan-E forward-looking infra-red/electro-optic targeting and laser designation system, which represents another key component of the Su-30MKK2''s precision attack capabilities. Sukhoi officials confirmed that the aircraft has not yet flown with the M400 or Sapsan-E systems, citing delays in the delivery of functional hardware from UOMZ. The M400 system is being developed by Kupol, according to a Sukhoi spokesman, although this remains unconfirmed.
The MKK2 is the second acknowledged Su-30 configuration for China, with the People''s Liberation Army Air Force having already accepted two batches of 38 Su-30MKKs from KnAPPO in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. A third batch of 28 KnAPPO-built Su-30MKK2s was ordered last year, and there are conflicting reports that this number has since been increased to around 40 fighters. It is also unclear whether this increased number relates to ad***ional MKK2s, or includes a planned Su-30MKK3 variant associated with China''''s navy.
The level of capability offered by the new combat systems shown at MAKS 2003 will represent a major advance for the MKK-series fighter, although some of these might not be fully implemented until the MKK3 becomes available several years from now. China could in time also decide to upgrade its entire MKK force to a common advanced standard.

JANE''S DEFENCE WEEKLY - SEPTEMBER 10, 2003
--------------------------
More details disclosed on China''s Su-30MKK2
ROBERT HEWSON E***or, Jane''s Air-Launched Weapons
Moscow
Sukhoi has revealed that the enhanced Su-30MKK2 multirole fighter now under development for China will give Beijing''s air and naval forces an unprecedented level of integrated long-range power projection.
Speaking during the MAKS 2003 air show in Moscow, company officials said the aircraft will feature both an improved precision-attack capability and an entirely new C4ISTAR (command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance) role not previously hinted at.
Sukhoi displayed its Su-30MKK2 development aircraft at the 19-24 August show, along with a number of new sensor systems. Chief among these was the M400 reconnaissance suite - a large podded system capable of housing sensors including a sideways-looking airborne radar (SLAR); a high- and low-altitude TV/infra-red (IR) payload; or a long-range oblique photography (LOROP) camera. The design''s optical sensors are cre***ed with a range of "not less than 70km", while the SLAR is claimed to have a range of "not less than 100km".
Once equipped with the SLAR system, the Su-30MKK2 will have the ability to operate as an airborne command post, tasking/controlling up to 10 other aircraft on a common net, according *****khoi.
The M400 would also be capable of conducting precision targeting tasks against naval and other threats - a key requirement for the long-range variants of the Kh-59 air-to-surface missile now being fielded by China. The new fighter could also have a role in target- finding for Chinese naval forces equipped with long-range strike weapons like the Yakhont anti-ship missile. The M400 system''s SLAR capability has a quoted resolution of 2.0m; the TV/IR equipment a 30cm resolution; and the LOROP system is capable of imaging down to 40cm. The entire reconnaissance system has a real-time datalink that can transmit via a wide-band connection to a ground station, while also recording imagery for onboard analysis.
Sukhoi''s demonstrator aircraft was also fitted with a UOMZ Sapsan-E forward-looking infra-red/electro-optic targeting and laser designation system, which represents another key component of the Su-30MKK2''s precision attack capabilities. Sukhoi officials confirmed that the aircraft has not yet flown with the M400 or Sapsan-E systems, citing delays in the delivery of functional hardware from UOMZ. The M400 system is being developed by Kupol, according to a Sukhoi spokesman, although this remains unconfirmed.
The MKK2 is the second acknowledged Su-30 configuration for China, with the People''s Liberation Army Air Force having already accepted two batches of 38 Su-30MKKs from KnAPPO in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. A third batch of 28 KnAPPO-built Su-30MKK2s was ordered last year, and there are conflicting reports that this number has since been increased to around 40 fighters. It is also unclear whether this increased number relates to ad***ional MKK2s, or includes a planned Su-30MKK3 variant associated with China''''s navy.
The level of capability offered by the new combat systems shown at MAKS 2003 will represent a major advance for the MKK-series fighter, although some of these might not be fully implemented until the MKK3 becomes available several years from now. China could in time also decide to upgrade its entire MKK force to a common advanced standard.

Trung Quốc nâng cấp khả năng tác chiến của quân đội
Nhật báo Wen Wei Po xuất bản bằng Hoa Ngữ tại Hồng Kông hôm nay cho hay Bắc Kinh quyết định bổ sung thêm nhân lực vào quân ủy trung uơng, để nâng cấp khả năng tác chiến của quân đội nhân dân Trung Quốc, trong trường hợp Đài Loan tuyên bố độc lập.
Quân ủy trung uơng hiện có 4 thành viên nay được tăng cường thêm ba tướng lãnh thuộc các ngành hải quân, không quân và pháo binh. Chủ tịch quân ủy trung ương là cựu chủ tịch Trung Quốc Giang Trạch Dân.
Ông Andrew Yang một nhà phân tích quân sự của Đài Loan nhận định rằng, Trung Quốc đang chuẩn bị ứng dụng kỹ thuật cao cho quân đội của họ trong trường hợp xảy ra chiến tranh tại Eo biển Đài Loan.
Theo ông trong kế hoạch năm năm tới quân đội Hoa Lục sẽ chuẩn bị đối phó với sự can thiệp của Washington để bảo vệ Đài Loan trong trường hợp bị Trung Quốc tấn công bằng quân sự.

Trung Quốc nâng cấp khả năng tác chiến của quân đội
Nhật báo Wen Wei Po xuất bản bằng Hoa Ngữ tại Hồng Kông hôm nay cho hay Bắc Kinh quyết định bổ sung thêm nhân lực vào quân ủy trung uơng, để nâng cấp khả năng tác chiến của quân đội nhân dân Trung Quốc, trong trường hợp Đài Loan tuyên bố độc lập.
Quân ủy trung uơng hiện có 4 thành viên nay được tăng cường thêm ba tướng lãnh thuộc các ngành hải quân, không quân và pháo binh. Chủ tịch quân ủy trung ương là cựu chủ tịch Trung Quốc Giang Trạch Dân.
Ông Andrew Yang một nhà phân tích quân sự của Đài Loan nhận định rằng, Trung Quốc đang chuẩn bị ứng dụng kỹ thuật cao cho quân đội của họ trong trường hợp xảy ra chiến tranh tại Eo biển Đài Loan.
Theo ông trong kế hoạch năm năm tới quân đội Hoa Lục sẽ chuẩn bị đối phó với sự can thiệp của Washington để bảo vệ Đài Loan trong trường hợp bị Trung Quốc tấn công bằng quân sự.

ghẻ đang đàn áp đạo Hồi. Osama bin Laden có lẽ cũng nên cho vài tên lính cảm tử sang bảo vệ dân đạo Hồi này. ngoài đạo Hồi thì ghẻ còn đang tìm cách huỷ diệt nền văn hoá đạo Phật ở Tây Tạng. thật đúng là tính cách của ghẻ máu gì cũng hút.
http://antiwar.com/matuszak/?articleid=2535
China and Islam in the Northwest Chinese Region

by Sascha Matuszak
Kingdoms have risen and fallen in China''s Xinjiang region for the past 2000 years. In the early 20th century, foreign archaeologists were surprised and delighted to find Muslim communities built upon Tang dynasty ruins built upon Tibetan villages built upon Han forts built upon Indian Buddhist monasteries ?" with Roman and Bactrian frescos thrown in for good measure.
The Silk Road brought two of the world''s most influential religions, Islam and Buddhism, together, and the two struggled with each other for hundreds of years ?" Buddhists reigning supreme up until the Tang Dynasty, and Islam wresting away control after the Mongol period.
Eventually, Islam came to dominate the western half of this region and reached past Dunhuang (Blazing Beacon) in Gansu Province ?" long China''s gate to the west ?" while Buddhism retreated back into India, Tibet, and China''s heartland.
The people of the region retain the traces of the past in their buildings, mode of life, and faces ?" local Uighur populations range from dark and heavily bearded to green-eyed and pale. Kazakhs, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Han, Hui, and Mongolians have carved out niches and held on to cultural tra***ions strong enough to withstand any onslaught.
Even the cultural menace modernization.
Tension
Much has been written about China''s Xinjiang policy. By most accounts, China is considered a repressive and destructive influence on local culture and religion but an energetic and positive force in terms of economic development.
Take for instance the Uighur Muslims and the Han ?" probably just about the least compatible cultures in the world. But in the provinces east of Xinjiang, especially Gansu, Qinghai, and Ningxia, the Hui Muslim minority has managed to live in peace with the Han and still visit the mosques and refrain from various sins.
But many Uighurs look down upon Hui and never resist a chance to crack a joke about the alleged duplicity and lack of character of the average Hui. According to more prejudiced Uighur, Hui are donkeys ?" bastard offspring of Han and Muslim. According to the less prejudiced, Hui are bad Muslims who have been corrupted by the Han.
The Hotan region is a good example of what happens when Han and Uighur are thrown together. Hotan was and still is a center of Islam in Xinjiang ?" the tomb of Imam Asim, one of the first missionaries of Islam in the region is a pilgrimage spot and site of a festival and market every Thursday, pretty much year round.
The gates to the festival, which I visited, are manned by Han and Uighur opportunists, who charge five yuan per person. On Wednesday, 138 buses full of Muslims bounced down the road through the fields and into the desert where the imam''s tomb lies. A banner hangs above the entrance proclaiming "The greatest threat to Xinjiang stability are the splittists" in Uighur Arabic script.
Uighur police stroll through the sands with an eye out for suspicious foreigners. One displayed his loyalty to the center by calling in my presence and demanding my passport number.
But the overall atmosphere of the festival is relaxed and religious ?" musician-preachers strut up and down aisles formed by sitting Muslims and bark out wisdom from the Quran and "the University of Life." Beggars line the path toward the tomb and benefit from the generosity of Muslims attending a holy event.
Uighur don''t have much of a chance of gaining a passport from the government, so this is as close to Mecca as any of them will get .?
Uighur children in front of a mosque in Kashgar''s old city
In Hotan city center a recently finished plaza that knocked out most of the ancient wall boasts a large statue of Mao Zedong meeting Durban Tulum, a local farmer who made his way to Beijing in the 1950''s. The other night children sat around a stage built around the statue, accompanied by local Public Security Bureau (PSB) and waited for a government-sponsored dance and song show to begin. While they waited, Cultural-Revolution-era ballads about "beloved Chairman Mao" blasted across the square.
The city displays the benefits of development, a medical and teachers'' university, paved roads and a surplus of goods ?" but also the dark side ?" Sichuan and Hunan prostitutes have shown up, and public drunkenness under neon lights makes the beard of an old Uighur tremble.
Resting in the bazaar
Get ''em While They''re Young
Children in Xinjiang are not allowed to attend Islamic school until the age of 18, and they do not have leave to attend prayers on Friday due to school. This grates on locals who see Islam as the core of their culture.
In Kashgar, the former palace of King Said, one of the last kings of Kashgaria, is now the Communist Party headquarters, and the Islamic school he founded is now the site of a "Patriotic Religious Training Center." This training center meets ten times a year, and Imams from around the Kashgar area gather to learn how to pray, when to pray, and what new laws have been established to enforce the Party line.
Teaching Islam at home is a crime in Xinjiang, and many have been arrested in southern Xinjiang since 1995 when the police began enforcing the law. Schoolchildren spend much of their time learning Party theory (Mao, Deng, Jiang) by rote. Clerks in the Executive Administration ?" a puppet government subordinate to the Party ?" also spend at least six hours a week studying Party Policy and are required to monitor the mosques every Friday. Names are taken and ages are checked and any mistake by the clerk means their job.
A Uighur girl on her way to bazaar in Opal, near Kashgar
Who Is Native?
Han who came here in the 1960''s and have lived here and had children tend to speak a little Uighur and have reached an agreement with their Muslim neighbors. There is mutual respect, business, and even friendship ?" but people eat, drink, and play separately. Han who arrived in the past 30 years refer to themselves as natives.
There is a Uighur part and a Han part of the city ?" the separation is as clear as the "Peace Wall" that divided Ireland''s Falls and Shankhill neighborhoods. The Uighur part of town tends to be poorer and less developed, but a swath of locals have taken advantage of Xinjiang''s importance to Beijing to make themselves rich and powerful. There are as many Uighur police as there are Han patrolling the streets and for every ten soldiers living at the base between Hotan and Kashgar, one is a Uighur.
Two boys I talked to near the tomb of Mahmood Kashgaria, a scholar of the 10th century who translated the Quran into Uighur, hail from Hunan and Sichuan. But they were born here, their parents live here, they speak in the Xinjiang dialect with but a smidgeon of their grandparents'' mode of speech to be detected.
Are they natives? Most of their friends are Han, but they play in the deserts and fields of Xinjiang. They eat lamb and bread as much as they eat rice and pork, and they have no desire to return to a home they have never known.
Uighur farmers and small time entrepreneurs say they do not have the same access to loans as the Han. When money from the center arrives in Urumqi and is dispersed throughout the regions, Han businessmen flock to the small towns and gobble up the loans, acting on tips from Party and bank officials.
Justification?
How can China justify prohibiting children from visiting the mosques? What possible purpose could Cultural Revolution songs blasted into the ears of the populace serve? Why occupy the center of Kashgar''s old city, unless you are a conqueror?
The answer is simple ?" China aspires *****perpower status. And if China has learned anything from superpowers past and present, it has learned that there can only be one power in a nation.
The only other culture as diametrically opposed to Islam as the Han is American culture. For China, to tolerate a Muslim enclave is to tolerate the Black Panthers. To consider any other status for Xinjiang would be to reconsider the US''s southwest.
But unlike the US, China''s policy is to take Islam away from the children and replace it with desire ?" desire for wealth, desire for love in a "non-tra***ional" sense, and desire to assimilate into the nation as a whole. Not unlike the US, desire in Xinjiang is combined with a healthy fear of prison and death at the hands of the PSB.
America''s policy is purely to conquer in the classical sense ?" to replace Islam with fear and submission. Both nations intend to destroy the religion and plunder the resources ?" but what China has in its favor is that Xinjiang lies within its borders.