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Tin Tình báo- Tin về tình hình quân sự ASEAN (P1)

Chủ đề trong 'Kỹ thuật quân sự nước ngoài' bởi RandomWalker, 25/06/2003.

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  1. nimbus_2000

    nimbus_2000 Thành viên quen thuộc

    Tham gia ngày:
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    ---------------
    Theo tui có lẽ do giá quá bèo tội gì b]Cote d''''ivoire không mua :-), mua về upgrade lên xài cũng ngon, với lại nghìn chiếc loại đó cũng chưa phải là nhiều nếu dàn trải cho cả b]Cote d''''ivoire.
    Đợt rồi chắc b]Cote d''''ivoire cũng nghiên cứu các thiết bị upgrade của BL cho tank rồi nên đợt này mới mua lô hàng cũ này.
    Các thiết bị nâng cấp tank của BL
    -Động cơ
    Engines For Battle Tanks And Heavy Military Vehicles
    Models W6BAx, W650G (A650), W55W, W46,6 and S-1000 are applied for driving battle tanks and heavy military vehicles.
    In case of modernization of existing vehicles, according to customer desires, the versions of extended power and special equipment are offered.
    Besides delivery of complete engines, "PZL-WOLA" also ensures delivery of spare parts for the above presented models.
    TECHNICAL DATA
    Diesel engine A650G W55 W46,6 S-12U S-1000
    Rated-power (kW) 220 441 or 456 540 574 or 625 736
    Engine speed (r.p.m) 1,700 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
    Cooling water water water water water
    -Ngắm đêm
    PNK-72 Driver''s Passive Night Vision Periscope
    Main technical data:
    Magnification 1x
    Field of view 30o
    Power supply 18-30 V DC
    Work temperature -30oC to +45oC
    Periscope Dimensions (h/w/d) 293 / 166 / 145 mm
    The PCO S.A. Driver''s Passive Night Vision Periscope is a small binocular, wide-angle viewing system for use in following types of vehicles:
    tanks T-55, T-55A, T-55AM, T-72, T-72M,
    armoured fighting vehicles BWP-1, BWP-2,
    technical support vehicles WZT-1, WZT-2, WZT-3.
    -Fire Control System[/b]
    TI FCS Drawa-T Thermal Imaging Fire Control System
    Thermal Imaging Fire Control System
    Main technical data: Thermal Sight:
    Spectral band: 8 - 12µm
    Narrow Field of View (NFOV): 3o x 2o
    Wide Field of View (WFOV): 10,5o x 7o
    Detector type: MCT
    Number of detection elements: 120
    Optionally Passive Night Sight:
    Magnification: x5,4
    Field of view: 5,6o
    Day Sight with Rangefinder:
    Magnification: x8
    Field of view: 9o
    Laser rangefinder type: Nd:YAG
    Max. range: 10 km
    Computer output data:
    Sight angle: 0 to +100 mils
    Azimuth lead angle: ±40.0 mils
    Target velocity: 5 to 150 km/h
    Number of ammunition types: 6
    Cũng xin nói thêm về vũ khí của BL còn có mấy thứ sau mà b]Cote d''''ivoire[/b] quan tâm:
    1.Guided Missile Boat Project 660[/b]
    (Theo tui loại này nên hợp tác SX với họ, chứ không nên mua vì b]Cote d''''ivoire[/b] mua loại tương đương cũng nhiều rồi )
    TYPE OF SHIP
    The ship has a displacement hull with one continuous deck. The main propulsion includes diesel engines for driving three propellers. The hull is of steel and it is divided into 8 watertight compartments. Having two tiers the superstructure is made of aluminium alloys resistant to sea water.
    MAIN PARTICULARS
    Length, oa 49,00 m
    Length, bp 45,00 m
    Breadth, mld 8,60 m
    Depth, mld 4,50 m
    Draught at full displacement 2,30 m
    Displacement:
    Half Load 330 t
    Full Load 360 t
    Maximum continuous speed (Half Load) 35 Kn
    Patrol''s speed 12 Kn
    Crew 32
    Range 1700 Nm (14 Kn)
    Endurance 5 days
    NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
    The selection of navigational equipment is influenced by the weapon system installed and the operational role of the vessel. Typical equipment includes navigational radar, gyro, magnetic compass, global positioning system receiver, speed log and echo sounder, video plotter and autopilot.
    WEAPON SYSTEMS
    Forward gun of up to 76 mm, aft gun up to 30 mm can be installed. Further there are provisions to install missile launching units for either sea to air or sea to sea missiles.
    2.TRD-1200 Long Range 3D Surveillance Radar[/b]
    ( Không biết cái ra đa đặt ở "đuôi rồng trắng" để cảnh báo sớm có ngon bằng loại này không nhỉ ??? )
    The next generation of the 3D surveillance Polish radars is represented by the TRD-1200 radar. This long-range 3d surveillance radar operates in the L-frequency band. It detects and tracks objects up to 350 km in range and up to 40 km in height. This radar produces three co-ordinates (range, azimuth and height) of targets. The planar array antenna forms one cosec square transmitting beam and 8 stacked beams for reception. The azimuth scanning is achieved by mechanical rotation of the antenna. The height estimation is achieved using the monopulse method. The TRD-1200 radar consists of three main units and a mobile power station. They can be transported using any trucks adopted for the transport of typical containers accordingly to the ISO standards. The TRD-1200 is a source of information for the air defence system. It provides information about the controlled tracks, which are sent through digital links of medium speed (radiolines and telegraphic lines) to the C3I systems.
    TECHNICAL PARAMETERS AND MAIN FUNCTIONS
    Space coverage
    Parameter Instrumental coverage Accuracy r.m.s Resolution at PD+0.8
    Range 350 km 20 m 100 m
    Azimuth 360o at 6 RPM 0,2op 4o
    Height 40 000 m 600 m at 150 km -
    Elevation 0-30o - -
    Antenna
    Dimensions 6,5 m wide x 8,5 high
    Azimuth beamwidth 2,9 o
    Sidelobe level 35 dB
    otation 6 RPM
    Signal processing
    One processor per beam, Four-pulse adaptive digital MTI with adaptive clutter map, Automatic tracking up to 120 objects.
  2. xuxin

    xuxin Thành viên mới

    Tham gia ngày:
    30/04/2003
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    sau vụ Tung Của dùng tàu ngầm lảng vảng quanh các đảo đang tranh chấp Senkakus, Nhật có lẽ sợ Tung Của sẽ chơi kiểu Chí Phèo như đã từng chơi NC nên tuyên bố chủ quyền của các đảo đang tranh chấp này.
    http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0211/p01s03-woap.html
    Japan-China tensions rise over tiny islands
    Japan took possession of disputed Senkakus Feb. 9.
    By Robert Marquand | Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor
    TOKYO ?" In a sign of deepening popular and political animosity between China and Japan, Tokyo took formal possession this week of a tiny archipelago in the Pacific waters south of Japan. In the early morning of Feb. 9, Tokyo informed Beijing''s embassy here that the Senkaku Islands would be administered by the Japanese coast guard.
    The unexpectedly bold action by Tokyo received little attention here. But it is seen as a "serious chess move," says one diplomat, in a region where power relations are being redefined, and where tensions over energy, borders, military buildups, and ethnic rivalries are palpable. In Asia, drawing clear lines around territories that may hold oil and gas, is rare; Japan''s move takes place amid a dispute with China over what constitutes legitimate zones of energy exploration in open seas.
    While economic ties between "China Inc." and "Japan Inc." are warming and integrating, political feelings between China and Japan are not. The current atmosphere is "cool if not cold," a senior Japanese official says, due to a perception that China fuels "anti-Japanese sentiments" among its people, and is making "aggressive claims ... all over the Pacific."
    "There is a huge disconnect between the economic and political relations of China and Japan," says Gerald Curtis, of Columbia University, on sabbatical in Tokyo. "Japanese business enthusiasm for the China economic miracle continues. But at the political level, there is no talk of integration. Rather, there is a stiffening back of nationalism in both countries."
    Beijing''s somewhat vague claims on the Senkakus date to the early 1980s. Chinese "activists" last year landed on one island and attacked a lighthouse, and a Chinese nuclear submarine was found in Senkaku waters that Japan claims. Chinese spokesman Kong Quan interrupted the new year holiday to describe Tokyo''s formal claim as "illegal and unacceptable."
    Tokyo has never acknowledged China''s claim, which it says was made only after a US geological survey in the late 1970s indicated the area could contain petroleum. Moreover, under Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi, Japan has shed much of its pacifist identity, sent troops to Iraq, and begun a quiet campaign to reposition opinion on formerly taboo subjects like missile technology and the dangers of an Asia with a North Korean nuclear program and a confident, wealthier China.
    "We needed to remove the question that Senkaku was in some way a dispute," says Japanese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hatsuhisa Takeshima. "We felt this step was reasonable to avoid any physical activity that would bring harm to China-Japan relations."
    According to Mr. Takeshima, the largest island, where the lighthouse is located, had been owned by a fishing family for decades. On Feb. 9, this unnamed family transferred island rights to Tokyo, which put the coast guard in charge. No one - Japanese or foreign - may visit the island.
    Japan is the world''s second-largest economy, has a huge savings rate, and a large educated middle class. Yet China, with 1.3 billion people, cheap labor, and a policy of market competition, has become the world''s seventh-largest economy. In the past year, China has superseded Japan as America''s largest trading partner.
    The new circumstances concern Japan and deepens sentiments of fear and patriotism.
    China plans to send a manned spacecraft into orbit this fall, something Japan has never attempted. China''s military prowess is growing, though it has limited capability to project power conventionally.
    China''s hot economy makes it a major oil importer; concern over energy security has prompted China to cut recent energy deals in Canada, South America, and with Iran.
    There have been no state visits between China and Japanese leaders in this century. Chinese point to Mr. Koizumi''s regular visits to the Yasakuni Shrine in Tokyo, where a number of Japanese war criminals are buried. For three generations, Koizumi''s family has represented in the Diet the district that includes the headquarters of the Japanese Navy. "He''s bred to a tra***ional view of Japanese patriotism and to a school among younger Japanese that the nation should no longer be bossed around by others," says a diplomat.
    Yet much ill will between China and Japan stems from intense jockeying over potential energy fields in "EEZs," or exclusive economic zones. Japan sticks with a UN Law of the Sea definition of EEZs as being 200 miles from shore; China defines an EEZ as starting from the edge of the submerged continental shelf.
    Last year a Chinese submarine cruised into Senkaku waters. Beijing said it was unintentional. Yet Japanese requests that China issue corrective measures to its submarine captains have not been honored, officials here say.
    Last year, the US State Department said it would back up any Japanese security claim on the Senkakus. After World War II, at the San Francisco peace treaty, a line was drawn in the Pacific that was regarded as giving the Senkakus to Okinawa, which for many years was administered by a UN high commissioner. The Senkakus had been and still are often used by the US as practice grounds for bombing runs.
    In 1972, Okinawa was returned to Japan. Shortly thereafter, Beijing made a preliminary claim. When Japanese diplomats visiting Beijing in the mid-1980s asked for a clarification, Deng Xiaoping called the issue a "dispute," and recommended it be resolved in the future. Tokyo objected to what it saw as a device to grab territory by declaring it disputed.
  3. xuxin

    xuxin Thành viên mới

    Tham gia ngày:
    30/04/2003
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    sau vụ Tung Của dùng tàu ngầm lảng vảng quanh các đảo đang tranh chấp Senkakus, Nhật có lẽ sợ Tung Của sẽ chơi kiểu Chí Phèo như đã từng chơi NC nên tuyên bố chủ quyền của các đảo đang tranh chấp này.
    http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0211/p01s03-woap.html
    Japan-China tensions rise over tiny islands
    Japan took possession of disputed Senkakus Feb. 9.
    By Robert Marquand | Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor
    TOKYO ?" In a sign of deepening popular and political animosity between China and Japan, Tokyo took formal possession this week of a tiny archipelago in the Pacific waters south of Japan. In the early morning of Feb. 9, Tokyo informed Beijing''s embassy here that the Senkaku Islands would be administered by the Japanese coast guard.
    The unexpectedly bold action by Tokyo received little attention here. But it is seen as a "serious chess move," says one diplomat, in a region where power relations are being redefined, and where tensions over energy, borders, military buildups, and ethnic rivalries are palpable. In Asia, drawing clear lines around territories that may hold oil and gas, is rare; Japan''s move takes place amid a dispute with China over what constitutes legitimate zones of energy exploration in open seas.
    While economic ties between "China Inc." and "Japan Inc." are warming and integrating, political feelings between China and Japan are not. The current atmosphere is "cool if not cold," a senior Japanese official says, due to a perception that China fuels "anti-Japanese sentiments" among its people, and is making "aggressive claims ... all over the Pacific."
    "There is a huge disconnect between the economic and political relations of China and Japan," says Gerald Curtis, of Columbia University, on sabbatical in Tokyo. "Japanese business enthusiasm for the China economic miracle continues. But at the political level, there is no talk of integration. Rather, there is a stiffening back of nationalism in both countries."
    Beijing''s somewhat vague claims on the Senkakus date to the early 1980s. Chinese "activists" last year landed on one island and attacked a lighthouse, and a Chinese nuclear submarine was found in Senkaku waters that Japan claims. Chinese spokesman Kong Quan interrupted the new year holiday to describe Tokyo''s formal claim as "illegal and unacceptable."
    Tokyo has never acknowledged China''s claim, which it says was made only after a US geological survey in the late 1970s indicated the area could contain petroleum. Moreover, under Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi, Japan has shed much of its pacifist identity, sent troops to Iraq, and begun a quiet campaign to reposition opinion on formerly taboo subjects like missile technology and the dangers of an Asia with a North Korean nuclear program and a confident, wealthier China.
    "We needed to remove the question that Senkaku was in some way a dispute," says Japanese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hatsuhisa Takeshima. "We felt this step was reasonable to avoid any physical activity that would bring harm to China-Japan relations."
    According to Mr. Takeshima, the largest island, where the lighthouse is located, had been owned by a fishing family for decades. On Feb. 9, this unnamed family transferred island rights to Tokyo, which put the coast guard in charge. No one - Japanese or foreign - may visit the island.
    Japan is the world''s second-largest economy, has a huge savings rate, and a large educated middle class. Yet China, with 1.3 billion people, cheap labor, and a policy of market competition, has become the world''s seventh-largest economy. In the past year, China has superseded Japan as America''s largest trading partner.
    The new circumstances concern Japan and deepens sentiments of fear and patriotism.
    China plans to send a manned spacecraft into orbit this fall, something Japan has never attempted. China''s military prowess is growing, though it has limited capability to project power conventionally.
    China''s hot economy makes it a major oil importer; concern over energy security has prompted China to cut recent energy deals in Canada, South America, and with Iran.
    There have been no state visits between China and Japanese leaders in this century. Chinese point to Mr. Koizumi''s regular visits to the Yasakuni Shrine in Tokyo, where a number of Japanese war criminals are buried. For three generations, Koizumi''s family has represented in the Diet the district that includes the headquarters of the Japanese Navy. "He''s bred to a tra***ional view of Japanese patriotism and to a school among younger Japanese that the nation should no longer be bossed around by others," says a diplomat.
    Yet much ill will between China and Japan stems from intense jockeying over potential energy fields in "EEZs," or exclusive economic zones. Japan sticks with a UN Law of the Sea definition of EEZs as being 200 miles from shore; China defines an EEZ as starting from the edge of the submerged continental shelf.
    Last year a Chinese submarine cruised into Senkaku waters. Beijing said it was unintentional. Yet Japanese requests that China issue corrective measures to its submarine captains have not been honored, officials here say.
    Last year, the US State Department said it would back up any Japanese security claim on the Senkakus. After World War II, at the San Francisco peace treaty, a line was drawn in the Pacific that was regarded as giving the Senkakus to Okinawa, which for many years was administered by a UN high commissioner. The Senkakus had been and still are often used by the US as practice grounds for bombing runs.
    In 1972, Okinawa was returned to Japan. Shortly thereafter, Beijing made a preliminary claim. When Japanese diplomats visiting Beijing in the mid-1980s asked for a clarification, Deng Xiaoping called the issue a "dispute," and recommended it be resolved in the future. Tokyo objected to what it saw as a device to grab territory by declaring it disputed.
  4. xuxin

    xuxin Thành viên mới

    Tham gia ngày:
    30/04/2003
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    http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=worldNews&storyID=7574531
    Mỹ và Tung Của không đạt được thoả thuận nào về quân sự sau cuộc đàm phán tuần rồi.
    WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S.-China defense talks last week failed to bridge gaps over Taiwan and crisis management issues, a senior U.S. defense official said on Tuesday.
    The Pentagon sees a "continuing substantial increase" in Chinese military capabilities and during the talks in Beijing, Assistant Defense Secretary Richard Lawless repeated the U.S. view that China is "complicit in creating or escalating tensions" with Taiwan, the official said.
    Lawless and his delegation went into the meetings last week hoping to "break the impasse" over an agreement that would ensure the two sides can cooperate in case of sea and air emergencies, said the official, briefing reporters on con***ion of anonymity.
    But the agreement, called the military maritime consultative agreement, has for seven years been "semi-hostage" to continuing policy disputes over maritime territorial issues and remains so, he said.
    Washington regards military ties as a key part of relations with Beijing.
    Contacts were cut off after the collision of a U.S. Navy surveillance plane with a Chinese fighter jet in 2001. Ties have warmed over the past two years, but tensions remain over Taiwanese and Chinese technology sales to Iran.
    The two countries will hold more military talks in March or April in Washington hosted by U.S. Undersecretary of Defense Douglas Feith, the official said.
    Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld has agreed in principle to visit China in 2005 after repeated invitations, "but there was absolutely no commitment to do so," the official said.
    The Pentagon annually reports on China''''s military modernization and the senior official said the next report will conclude that "the build-up continues apace."
    There is a "continuing substantial increase in capabilities, particularly ... to improve their ability to either coerce or attack Taiwan," he said.
    "It is a reason for concern and we don''''t miss any opportunity to express to the Chinese that we think they are complicit in creating or escalating tensions by that particular build-up. We repeated that at this meeting" in Beijing, he added.
    Beijing considers self-governing Taiwan a renegade province that must eventually be united with the mainland, by force if necessary.
    Được tande sửa chữa / chuyển vào 11:46 ngày 11/02/2005
  5. xuxin

    xuxin Thành viên mới

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    30/04/2003
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    http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=worldNews&storyID=7574531
    Mỹ và Tung Của không đạt được thoả thuận nào về quân sự sau cuộc đàm phán tuần rồi.
    WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S.-China defense talks last week failed to bridge gaps over Taiwan and crisis management issues, a senior U.S. defense official said on Tuesday.
    The Pentagon sees a "continuing substantial increase" in Chinese military capabilities and during the talks in Beijing, Assistant Defense Secretary Richard Lawless repeated the U.S. view that China is "complicit in creating or escalating tensions" with Taiwan, the official said.
    Lawless and his delegation went into the meetings last week hoping to "break the impasse" over an agreement that would ensure the two sides can cooperate in case of sea and air emergencies, said the official, briefing reporters on con***ion of anonymity.
    But the agreement, called the military maritime consultative agreement, has for seven years been "semi-hostage" to continuing policy disputes over maritime territorial issues and remains so, he said.
    Washington regards military ties as a key part of relations with Beijing.
    Contacts were cut off after the collision of a U.S. Navy surveillance plane with a Chinese fighter jet in 2001. Ties have warmed over the past two years, but tensions remain over Taiwanese and Chinese technology sales to Iran.
    The two countries will hold more military talks in March or April in Washington hosted by U.S. Undersecretary of Defense Douglas Feith, the official said.
    Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld has agreed in principle to visit China in 2005 after repeated invitations, "but there was absolutely no commitment to do so," the official said.
    The Pentagon annually reports on China''''s military modernization and the senior official said the next report will conclude that "the build-up continues apace."
    There is a "continuing substantial increase in capabilities, particularly ... to improve their ability to either coerce or attack Taiwan," he said.
    "It is a reason for concern and we don''''t miss any opportunity to express to the Chinese that we think they are complicit in creating or escalating tensions by that particular build-up. We repeated that at this meeting" in Beijing, he added.
    Beijing considers self-governing Taiwan a renegade province that must eventually be united with the mainland, by force if necessary.
    Được tande sửa chữa / chuyển vào 11:46 ngày 11/02/2005
  6. xuxin

    xuxin Thành viên mới

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    Một bài viết về việc EU có thể bỏ lệnh cấm bán vũ khí cho Tung Của.
    OPINION: Impact of European Governments and Industries Courting Chinese Defense Markets: There May Be Trouble Ahead:


    (Source: Frost & Sullivan; issued Feb. 1, 2005)


    By Michel Merluzeau, Global Director Airborne Systems, Frost & Sullivan

    The resumption of European military hardware sales to communist China is a hot topic of discussion inside the beltway these days. There is a certain air of near-inevitability and frustration about it, and it is certain that this item will figure high on President George W. Bush?Ts list of "things to remind the Europeans about" when he tours the place next month.

    Needless to say that much is at stake here. European governments are all about making openings to the US administration in these post inaugural days, somewhat hoping to bring President Bush "back in line", when in fact it will most likely prove to be the other way around. They also hope that better relations with the US will translate into growing opportunities for European defense suppliers in the lucrative US defense market.

    A word of caution: not so fast people in Berlin and Paris (and Toulouse); what happens in China will have a substantial impact on the US fortunes of European companies that may choose *****pply Beijing with items that have raised justifiable concerns in Washington DC.

    US Options

    The European Commission has indeed planned to end the arms embargo it placed on China following the June 1989 student uprising in Beijing and other major Chinese cities. The European goal is to open a new strategic partnership with the emerging Asian superpower that could lead to very lucrative orders for some of the leading EU defense suppliers.

    Convincing the newer EU and NATO members to abstain from providing weapon systems to China should not prove too difficult for the US administration, as negotiations for the relocation of US bases from Germany to Bulgaria and Poland are well under way and will significantly, amongst other financial benefits, boost the local economies. However, the most serious problems reside particularly with the French and German governments who have been lobbying on the issue and have courted Beijing for quite sometime now.

    Some would also argue that the United States has long been a supplier of aerospace equipment to China. The US was indeed a key partner to Beijing in the development of some of its current fighter programs such as the J-8II in the 1980s. However, the collapse of the Soviet Union and the emerging expansionist views of China have transformed this country from "strategic partner" of the United States to a more likely "strategic competitor" and eventually, a potential adversary.

    That argument, if used by Europeans to rebuff Washington, will run out of steam relatively quickly. It almost sounds like the argument used by some of the terrorist apologists that have often stated , wrongly, that the Central Intelligence Agency armed, trained and created Osama Bin Laden.

    Chinese Shopping list

    Systems that are very high on the Chinese shopping list include Battlefield surveillance systems, datalinks, UAVs, avionics, aircraft engines and targeting systems. France?Ts Thales and EADS are in a strong position to assume the lead for the supply of those systems if so requested by Beijing. Where the PLAAF (Air Force) is lacking most significantly is in the area of targeting systems. Supplying them with such equipment would greatly enhance the strike capabilities of aircraft such as the J-11, J-10 and J-8. However, it is believed that weapons systems are unlikely to be supplied to China at this point. Another PLA area of weakness is in its C4ISR capabilities, assistance from European companies could again tilt the balance in favor of China in the event of an engagement over Taiwan.

    Most of the equipment supplied will likely turn up as individual equipment sales, possibly navigation systems, head up display and/or communications systems. Aircraft engines are also a possible item of interest for Beijing , since the development of the J-10 engine has suffered multiple setbacks over the years. Export versions of the M-53P2 or even the M-88 engines are not to be discounted entirely albeit unlikely. Not to be excluded also are the supply of militarized versions of the Airbus A-330 and the Airbus A-400M.

    The Chinese air force is facing an airlift capability deficit and could use an advanced aircraft such as the A-400M to project forces and equipment in support of battlefield operations. This is rather speculative, but based on our knowledge of the PLA?Ts emerging needs; it is not completely implausible within the next 10 years.

    It is also in the area of training and simulation that China would greatly benefit from European support and expertise. Even though the PLA has recently acquired advanced equipment from Russia, attrition rates remain high, and training needs to be improved to limit losses and better integrate and optimize the operational value of such advanced systems.

    For European companies, the financial gains could be substantial, on the order of $4 to $5 billion based on very conservative estimates.


    Consequences

    EADS has announced its intention to bid for the supply of Airbus A-330 tanker to the United States Air Force. Such as move will most likely lead to nothing if the embargo is lifted, and EADS equipment begins to ship to China. It is also certain that the US congress will retaliate quickly, and that opponents of the EADS participation to the USAF tanker program will have found new ammunition to terminate this prospect once and for all. The Chinese option may look attractive to European companies at the moment, but the penalties experienced in the US market will also need to be weighed before decisions become final.

    To moderate US concerns, the European Union will have to place strict export controls on some categories of weapon systems. However, there appears to be little movement from Brussels on this very issue at the moment.

    A more worrisome development that seems to indicate that the Europeans, and Paris in particular, have yielded to Chinese demands is the announcement by Air China that it would buy 20 A-330s and would most likely acquire the new Airbus A-380 in the future. This is a sign, or a reward, for French and German efforts to end the embargo, which was firmed up during last October?Ts visit of French President Chirac in Beijing with a French capitulation to Chinese demands.

    *****cceed in stalling the lifting of the embargo, Washington needs also to demonstrate that the human right situation did not get better at all in China since 1989, that Chinese weapon systems represent a direct threat to the security of the United States and NATO, and that the stability of the entire region could be critically affected if France were to sell critical systems to the PLA that would improve its command and control capabilities over the Taiwan straight for example.

    Such systems would inevitably be used against US air and naval forces involved in the defense of Taiwan. As it appears to be the case with energy markets globally, has Beijing been able to tilt the European balance in its favor at the expense of the United States and the safety of Taiwan?
  7. xuxin

    xuxin Thành viên mới

    Tham gia ngày:
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    Một bài viết về việc EU có thể bỏ lệnh cấm bán vũ khí cho Tung Của.
    OPINION: Impact of European Governments and Industries Courting Chinese Defense Markets: There May Be Trouble Ahead:


    (Source: Frost & Sullivan; issued Feb. 1, 2005)


    By Michel Merluzeau, Global Director Airborne Systems, Frost & Sullivan

    The resumption of European military hardware sales to communist China is a hot topic of discussion inside the beltway these days. There is a certain air of near-inevitability and frustration about it, and it is certain that this item will figure high on President George W. Bush?Ts list of "things to remind the Europeans about" when he tours the place next month.

    Needless to say that much is at stake here. European governments are all about making openings to the US administration in these post inaugural days, somewhat hoping to bring President Bush "back in line", when in fact it will most likely prove to be the other way around. They also hope that better relations with the US will translate into growing opportunities for European defense suppliers in the lucrative US defense market.

    A word of caution: not so fast people in Berlin and Paris (and Toulouse); what happens in China will have a substantial impact on the US fortunes of European companies that may choose *****pply Beijing with items that have raised justifiable concerns in Washington DC.

    US Options

    The European Commission has indeed planned to end the arms embargo it placed on China following the June 1989 student uprising in Beijing and other major Chinese cities. The European goal is to open a new strategic partnership with the emerging Asian superpower that could lead to very lucrative orders for some of the leading EU defense suppliers.

    Convincing the newer EU and NATO members to abstain from providing weapon systems to China should not prove too difficult for the US administration, as negotiations for the relocation of US bases from Germany to Bulgaria and Poland are well under way and will significantly, amongst other financial benefits, boost the local economies. However, the most serious problems reside particularly with the French and German governments who have been lobbying on the issue and have courted Beijing for quite sometime now.

    Some would also argue that the United States has long been a supplier of aerospace equipment to China. The US was indeed a key partner to Beijing in the development of some of its current fighter programs such as the J-8II in the 1980s. However, the collapse of the Soviet Union and the emerging expansionist views of China have transformed this country from "strategic partner" of the United States to a more likely "strategic competitor" and eventually, a potential adversary.

    That argument, if used by Europeans to rebuff Washington, will run out of steam relatively quickly. It almost sounds like the argument used by some of the terrorist apologists that have often stated , wrongly, that the Central Intelligence Agency armed, trained and created Osama Bin Laden.

    Chinese Shopping list

    Systems that are very high on the Chinese shopping list include Battlefield surveillance systems, datalinks, UAVs, avionics, aircraft engines and targeting systems. France?Ts Thales and EADS are in a strong position to assume the lead for the supply of those systems if so requested by Beijing. Where the PLAAF (Air Force) is lacking most significantly is in the area of targeting systems. Supplying them with such equipment would greatly enhance the strike capabilities of aircraft such as the J-11, J-10 and J-8. However, it is believed that weapons systems are unlikely to be supplied to China at this point. Another PLA area of weakness is in its C4ISR capabilities, assistance from European companies could again tilt the balance in favor of China in the event of an engagement over Taiwan.

    Most of the equipment supplied will likely turn up as individual equipment sales, possibly navigation systems, head up display and/or communications systems. Aircraft engines are also a possible item of interest for Beijing , since the development of the J-10 engine has suffered multiple setbacks over the years. Export versions of the M-53P2 or even the M-88 engines are not to be discounted entirely albeit unlikely. Not to be excluded also are the supply of militarized versions of the Airbus A-330 and the Airbus A-400M.

    The Chinese air force is facing an airlift capability deficit and could use an advanced aircraft such as the A-400M to project forces and equipment in support of battlefield operations. This is rather speculative, but based on our knowledge of the PLA?Ts emerging needs; it is not completely implausible within the next 10 years.

    It is also in the area of training and simulation that China would greatly benefit from European support and expertise. Even though the PLA has recently acquired advanced equipment from Russia, attrition rates remain high, and training needs to be improved to limit losses and better integrate and optimize the operational value of such advanced systems.

    For European companies, the financial gains could be substantial, on the order of $4 to $5 billion based on very conservative estimates.


    Consequences

    EADS has announced its intention to bid for the supply of Airbus A-330 tanker to the United States Air Force. Such as move will most likely lead to nothing if the embargo is lifted, and EADS equipment begins to ship to China. It is also certain that the US congress will retaliate quickly, and that opponents of the EADS participation to the USAF tanker program will have found new ammunition to terminate this prospect once and for all. The Chinese option may look attractive to European companies at the moment, but the penalties experienced in the US market will also need to be weighed before decisions become final.

    To moderate US concerns, the European Union will have to place strict export controls on some categories of weapon systems. However, there appears to be little movement from Brussels on this very issue at the moment.

    A more worrisome development that seems to indicate that the Europeans, and Paris in particular, have yielded to Chinese demands is the announcement by Air China that it would buy 20 A-330s and would most likely acquire the new Airbus A-380 in the future. This is a sign, or a reward, for French and German efforts to end the embargo, which was firmed up during last October?Ts visit of French President Chirac in Beijing with a French capitulation to Chinese demands.

    *****cceed in stalling the lifting of the embargo, Washington needs also to demonstrate that the human right situation did not get better at all in China since 1989, that Chinese weapon systems represent a direct threat to the security of the United States and NATO, and that the stability of the entire region could be critically affected if France were to sell critical systems to the PLA that would improve its command and control capabilities over the Taiwan straight for example.

    Such systems would inevitably be used against US air and naval forces involved in the defense of Taiwan. As it appears to be the case with energy markets globally, has Beijing been able to tilt the European balance in its favor at the expense of the United States and the safety of Taiwan?
  8. xuxin

    xuxin Thành viên mới

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    30/04/2003
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    Lifting Arms Embargo Against China Would Send "Wrong Signal"


    (Source: US State Department; issued Feb. 2, 2005)


    WASHINGTON --- A European Union (EU) decision to lift its arms embargo against China would "send the wrong signal about human rights," U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said February 1 during an interview with Reuters and Agence France-Presse.

    Both the United States and the European Union imposed an arms embargo in response to the Chinese government?Ts brutal repression of protestors calling for democratic and political reform in June 1989. However, the EU is considering lifting the embargo and instead applying a code of conduct on arms deals with China.

    ?oI have to say that in a circumstance in which the embargo was levied -- because of human rights concerns out of Tiananmen [the 1989 repression incident] -- one has to be very careful not to send the wrong signal about human rights,? Rice said. ?oAnd of course, we do have concerns about the strategic military considerations of doing so.?

    Rice said she was not resigned to the embargo being lifted, saying the United States has had a ?ogood dialogue? with Europe over the issue.

    "I think at this point we need to continue to discuss it and work it out,? she said, adding that she has ?ofound the Europeans open to our concerns and willing to try to understand them, and so we''ll see how we can address it."

    Asked about potential retaliation from Congress should the EU act, Rice replied, ?oI don''t want to speculate on what might happen if the arms embargo is lifted.?

    The interview came in advance of Rice?Ts first trip as secretary of state. Her itinerary includes the United Kingdom, Germany, Poland, Turkey, Israel, the West Bank, Italy, France, Belgium and Luxembourg.

    Last week, State Department spokesman Richard Boucher said that lifting the embargo on China ?ois not the right policy decision, not the right time, given China''s human rights record, and sends the wrong signal. We don''t think an expansion of arms sales to China is appropriate at this time.?

    In terms of China?Ts human rights situation, Boucher said, ?owe have not seen any change; in fact, we''ve seen some negative developments that lead us to think it''s not the right time to withdraw the embargo.?

    Boucher said Washington was also concerned about "particular types of weapons systems that might be sold that could alter or change the military situation in the region, particularly vis-à-vis Taiwan."

    Congress has already flagged this issue, and a recent House version of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) contained provisions that would preclude the Department of Defense from procuring defense articles or services from any "foreign person" who transfers defense items to China.

    On February 2, the House of Representatives by a vote of 411-3 passed a nonbinding resolution urging the EU to maintain its arms embargo on China and to close gaps in the current embargo, ?oin the national export control systems of EU member states, and in the EU''s Code of Conduct on Arms Exports in order to prevent any future sale of arms or related technology to China.?

    The United States continues its arms embargo on China.
    Rice, EU Leaders Clash over China Arms Embargo


    (Source: Voice of America news; issued Feb. 9, 2005)


    LUXEMBOURG --- The U.S. relationship with Europe, strained by the Bush administration''s decision to invade Iraq two years ago, has improved of lately, amid successful elections in Iraq and some progress in Israeli-Palestinian peacemaking.

    However, Ms. Rice''s talks in Europe, on her first overseas mission as Secretary of State, apparently yielded no progress on the ongoing dispute between the United States and the EU over arms sales to China.

    The European Union imposed the sanction in the wake of China''s 1989 military crackdown in Beijing''s Tiananmen Square that is believed to have left hundreds of people dead and thousands imprisoned.
    EU officials last month announced agreement in principle to lift the embargo within six months, with the intention of replacing it with a code of conduct restricting the kinds of weapons systems that might be sold.

    The Bush administration opposes the move and urges the EU to reconsider.

    At a Brussels news conference Thursday after talks with senior EU officials, Secretary of State Rice said human rights concerns that spurred the embargo remain, including, she said, the continued detention of 2,000 Tiananmen-era demonstrators.

    "We continue to believe that the human rights concerns need to be taken into consideration in any decision that was tied to Tiananmen and now would be reversed, when in fact the elements of Tiananmen have not been resolved, the 2,000 prisoners," she said. "Also we''ve made clear our concerns about the military balance, the fact there are still American forces in that region, and about the need to be concerned about the transfer of technology that might endanger in some way that very delicate military balance."

    Ms. Rice said she believed the Europeans were listening to and understood U.S. concerns about lifting the embargo, and said was led to believe that a final decision had not been made.

    Appearing with Ms. Rice, however, the European Union Commission President, Jose Manuel Barroso of Spain, indicated that the EU had not budged on the issue, insisting that the proposed code of conduct should be an adequate safeguard.

    "As you know, the European Union is moving to lift the arms embargo. We understand the United States'' sensitivities in this regard. But the European Union cannot be accused of rushing into this," said Mr. Barroso. "We agree with the United States that none of us has any interest in substantially increasing the quantity and quality of the weaponry in Southeast Asia. We are working to insure that the code of conduct is designed to take account of this."

    The Secretary of State said despite embargo issue, the United States and European Union have a common view overall on China and want to see that country, which she said is undergoing a remarkable and rapid economic transition, become a positive factor in international politics and the world economy:

    "We are not in disagreement about China, that China should try much, much harder to take the lesson that has been there for so many, that economic liberalization and political liberalization need to go hand-in-hand," said Ms. Rice. "That is why human rights is a concern not just for the United States but for the European Union. Religious freedom is a concern not just for the United States but for the European Union."

    Ms. Rice said both the United States and EU engage with, and have good relations with China and support its membership in the World Trade Organization. But she said they also want China to live up to commitments made for its WTO accession, including respect for intellectual property rights.
  9. xuxin

    xuxin Thành viên mới

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    Lifting Arms Embargo Against China Would Send "Wrong Signal"


    (Source: US State Department; issued Feb. 2, 2005)


    WASHINGTON --- A European Union (EU) decision to lift its arms embargo against China would "send the wrong signal about human rights," U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said February 1 during an interview with Reuters and Agence France-Presse.

    Both the United States and the European Union imposed an arms embargo in response to the Chinese government?Ts brutal repression of protestors calling for democratic and political reform in June 1989. However, the EU is considering lifting the embargo and instead applying a code of conduct on arms deals with China.

    ?oI have to say that in a circumstance in which the embargo was levied -- because of human rights concerns out of Tiananmen [the 1989 repression incident] -- one has to be very careful not to send the wrong signal about human rights,? Rice said. ?oAnd of course, we do have concerns about the strategic military considerations of doing so.?

    Rice said she was not resigned to the embargo being lifted, saying the United States has had a ?ogood dialogue? with Europe over the issue.

    "I think at this point we need to continue to discuss it and work it out,? she said, adding that she has ?ofound the Europeans open to our concerns and willing to try to understand them, and so we''ll see how we can address it."

    Asked about potential retaliation from Congress should the EU act, Rice replied, ?oI don''t want to speculate on what might happen if the arms embargo is lifted.?

    The interview came in advance of Rice?Ts first trip as secretary of state. Her itinerary includes the United Kingdom, Germany, Poland, Turkey, Israel, the West Bank, Italy, France, Belgium and Luxembourg.

    Last week, State Department spokesman Richard Boucher said that lifting the embargo on China ?ois not the right policy decision, not the right time, given China''s human rights record, and sends the wrong signal. We don''t think an expansion of arms sales to China is appropriate at this time.?

    In terms of China?Ts human rights situation, Boucher said, ?owe have not seen any change; in fact, we''ve seen some negative developments that lead us to think it''s not the right time to withdraw the embargo.?

    Boucher said Washington was also concerned about "particular types of weapons systems that might be sold that could alter or change the military situation in the region, particularly vis-à-vis Taiwan."

    Congress has already flagged this issue, and a recent House version of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) contained provisions that would preclude the Department of Defense from procuring defense articles or services from any "foreign person" who transfers defense items to China.

    On February 2, the House of Representatives by a vote of 411-3 passed a nonbinding resolution urging the EU to maintain its arms embargo on China and to close gaps in the current embargo, ?oin the national export control systems of EU member states, and in the EU''s Code of Conduct on Arms Exports in order to prevent any future sale of arms or related technology to China.?

    The United States continues its arms embargo on China.
    Rice, EU Leaders Clash over China Arms Embargo


    (Source: Voice of America news; issued Feb. 9, 2005)


    LUXEMBOURG --- The U.S. relationship with Europe, strained by the Bush administration''s decision to invade Iraq two years ago, has improved of lately, amid successful elections in Iraq and some progress in Israeli-Palestinian peacemaking.

    However, Ms. Rice''s talks in Europe, on her first overseas mission as Secretary of State, apparently yielded no progress on the ongoing dispute between the United States and the EU over arms sales to China.

    The European Union imposed the sanction in the wake of China''s 1989 military crackdown in Beijing''s Tiananmen Square that is believed to have left hundreds of people dead and thousands imprisoned.
    EU officials last month announced agreement in principle to lift the embargo within six months, with the intention of replacing it with a code of conduct restricting the kinds of weapons systems that might be sold.

    The Bush administration opposes the move and urges the EU to reconsider.

    At a Brussels news conference Thursday after talks with senior EU officials, Secretary of State Rice said human rights concerns that spurred the embargo remain, including, she said, the continued detention of 2,000 Tiananmen-era demonstrators.

    "We continue to believe that the human rights concerns need to be taken into consideration in any decision that was tied to Tiananmen and now would be reversed, when in fact the elements of Tiananmen have not been resolved, the 2,000 prisoners," she said. "Also we''ve made clear our concerns about the military balance, the fact there are still American forces in that region, and about the need to be concerned about the transfer of technology that might endanger in some way that very delicate military balance."

    Ms. Rice said she believed the Europeans were listening to and understood U.S. concerns about lifting the embargo, and said was led to believe that a final decision had not been made.

    Appearing with Ms. Rice, however, the European Union Commission President, Jose Manuel Barroso of Spain, indicated that the EU had not budged on the issue, insisting that the proposed code of conduct should be an adequate safeguard.

    "As you know, the European Union is moving to lift the arms embargo. We understand the United States'' sensitivities in this regard. But the European Union cannot be accused of rushing into this," said Mr. Barroso. "We agree with the United States that none of us has any interest in substantially increasing the quantity and quality of the weaponry in Southeast Asia. We are working to insure that the code of conduct is designed to take account of this."

    The Secretary of State said despite embargo issue, the United States and European Union have a common view overall on China and want to see that country, which she said is undergoing a remarkable and rapid economic transition, become a positive factor in international politics and the world economy:

    "We are not in disagreement about China, that China should try much, much harder to take the lesson that has been there for so many, that economic liberalization and political liberalization need to go hand-in-hand," said Ms. Rice. "That is why human rights is a concern not just for the United States but for the European Union. Religious freedom is a concern not just for the United States but for the European Union."

    Ms. Rice said both the United States and EU engage with, and have good relations with China and support its membership in the World Trade Organization. But she said they also want China to live up to commitments made for its WTO accession, including respect for intellectual property rights.
  10. TuanUSA

    TuanUSA Thành viên gắn bó với ttvnol.com

    Tham gia ngày:
    12/03/2004
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    5.297
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    1.074
    Một số thông tin trên Net, ai có rảnh thì dịch ra cho người khác xem. Một số thông tin thì củng đả biết, một số chi tiết khác...củng khá là mới (so với chúng ta)
    MEANWHILE, in South-East Asia, India has cemented a three-year-long agreement with Vietnam for increased military cooperation, the sale of the locally developed advanced light helicopters, and assistance in overhauling and providing spares to the latter''s ageing MiG series fighter aircraft. Fernandes and his Vietnamese counterpart Lt.-Gen. Pham Van Tra agreed in Hanoi that while Vietnamese officers would train the Indian Army in jungle warfare and counter-insurgency operations, the Coast Guard and Vietnam''s Sea Police would cooperate to combat piracy.
    Reciprocal visits by senior military officers, regular exchange of intelligence and periodic dialogue between Indian and Vietnamese Defence Ministers are also part of the agreement. Security sources revealed that New Delhi had also agreed "in principle" *****pply Vietnam its locally developed surface-to-surface Prithvi missile with a 150 kilometer range and to train Vietnamese scientists in Indian nuclear establishments, mainly to "spook" China. Hanoi had supported India''s 1998 nuclear tests, convinced that New Delhi had security reasons for conducting them.
    Defence officials view the agreement with Vietnam as India''s attempt to strengthen its ties with the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) in order to counter China''s growing military presence. In an indirect reference to China, Fernandes said that India had to learn to live with its neighbours even though they may be "difficult". He stated that India wanted to "firm up" its ties with ASEAN nations and that neglecting them would be at its own "peril".
    (Volume 20 - Issue 13, June 21 - July 04, 2003
    India''s National Magazine
    from the publishers of THE HINDU )
    (http://www.flonnet.com/fl2013/stories/20030704002104700.htm)
    Sunday, February 01, 2004 
    Vietnam To Buy Indian Weaponry Under Defense Accord
    As part of its effort to increase military alliances in Southeast Asia, India agreed *****pply a wide range of weaponry to Vietnam.
    During a delegate-level meeting here, New Delhi agreed *****pply Vietnam with an unspecified number of military communication systems and ammunition for artillery and mortar systems, and to upgrade Vietnam?Ts 120 MiG-21 aircraft and 100mm and 130mm artillery systems, a senior Indian Defence Ministry official said. The talks were co-chaired by Ajai Prasad, India?Ts permanent defence secretary, and Senior Lt. Gen. Nguyen Huy Hieu, the visiting vice defense minister of Vietnam.
    Though the value of the entire package is around $600 million, the Indian Defense Ministry official said, India has agreed to accept only $300 million as a gesture of friendship.
    He said the details of ugrading the MiG-21s and artillery systems ?" including where the work will be performed ?" have not yet been been decided.
    India also agreed to train Vietnamese Navy forces at Indian naval training facilities, the official added.
    In August, India also agreed to sell coastal patrol craft to Hanoi on a concessional basis, to train Vietnamese personnel to maintain and operate the vessels and naval weapons, and to help Vietnam build a warship in Vietnam?Ts Bason shipyard.
    India by the end of 2006 will deliver to Vietnam two coastal patrol craft at a cost of $3 million each, to be built by state-owned Goa Shipyard Ltd., the official added.
    In turn, New Delhi has sought Vietnam?Ts help in training Indian Army personnel in Vietnam for jungle warfare.
    Baljit Singh Menon, deputy spokesman of the Indian Defence Ministry, told that the further strengthening of bilateral defense cooperation ?" including increased interaction between the two countries?T navies and coast guards ?" dominated the talks.
    (http://indiadefense.blogspot.com/2004_02_01_indiadefense_archive.html)
    Vietnam in the arms queue
    Meanwhile, Moscow still supplies arms to some of its Cold War Era allies in Asia. For instance, last August Russia clinched a deal to export to Vietnam two S300 PMU1 air defense batteries (or 12 launchers) for a reported nearly $300 million. The S300 PMU is an advanced version of the SA-10C Grumble air defense missile.
    Though Vietnam is now fully integrated into the Southeast Asian community, Hanoi still arms its military with Russian weapons. In March 2001, Putin visited Hanoi and announced a new strategic partnership with Vietnam. The Russian leader said that "Vietnam needs not just to maintain its existing weapons bought from the Soviet Union and Russia but also needs modern weapons".
    Bilateral military ties are set to go ahead because Hanoi seeks to modernize its half-million strong armed forces, and Vietnam remains an important customer for Russian arms. In 1995, Hanoi bought six Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker fighter jets for $150 million and in 1997 signed a contract for six more planes and spare parts. In recent years, the Vietnamese military also bought six missile boats from the "1241 project" for some $120 million as well as four radar stations in Russia.
    The Russians also suggested the Vietnamese purchase more Sukhois and consider buying another jetfighter, the MiG-29, as well as MiG training jets. In December 2003, Moscow and Hanoi reportedly clinched a $120 million deal involving supply of four Su-30MKKs to Vietnam.
    (http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/FA21Ag01.html)
    India Test Fires Prithvi Missile
    January 23, 2004 :: Channel News Asia :: News
    India has conducted the 23rd test of its Prithvi (Earth) nuclear-capable missile. The missile was fired from a mobile launcher from the integrated test range Interim Test Range at Chandipur in the Orissa state, located on the eastern coast of India. Indian defense sources said that the test was successful and that the missile hit its target accurately.
    Versions of Prithvi have ranges from 150-350km. Prithvi can reach a target at a distance of 150 km in just 300 seconds, and is said to have a minimum range of 40 km. Prithvi can carry both conventional and nuclear warheads, with a payload weight up to 1000 kg.
    Prithvi was first tested in 1988, and are believed to have entered service in 1994. Some reports suggest that Prithvis are equipped to carry multiple nuclear weapons. The Prithvi-350, or P-3, is believed to be ship-launched.
    (http://www.missilethreat.com/news/200401.html)
    Nations with largest army, by Active Duty troop strength, 2002-03
    Source: International Institute for strategic studies, UK
    Country Total Defense Expen***ure ($ billions) Tanks (MBT)
    1. China 46 7,010
    2. USA 322.4 7,620
    3. India 14.2 7,782
    4. N. Korea 2 3,500
    5. Russia 63.7 43,740
    6. S. Korea 11.2 2,300
    7. Pakistan 2.4 2,100
    8. Turkey 7.2 4,205
    9. Iran 4.7 1,565
    10.Vietnam 2.4 1,315

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