Tin tức quân sự thế giới - Phần 1

http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Jul2005/d20050719china.pdf
US Reports China at ''Strategic Crossroads'' as Military Capability Grows

(Source: Voice of America news; issued July 20, 2005)

PENTAGON --- A report issued Tuesday by the office U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld says China is at a "strategic crossroads" as it works intensively to increase and modernize its military capabilities. The annual report on China''s military, required by congress, was delayed for several weeks as officials from several U.S. government departments worked to consolidate their views in the document.

The report portrays an active, multi-faceted and secretive Chinese military modernization program, encompassing new and improved air, sea, missile and outer space systems, as well as restructured ground forces that are more mobile, more lethal and more technologically advanced. The report says China has drawn on lessons from the U.S. and allied military campaigns in Iraq and the NATO mission in Serbia both to improve its own plans, and to detect weaknesses in potential adversaries.

It says China''s military modernization includes efforts to make rapid leaps in some of the most modern systems under development in other countries, such as improved military satellites, anti-satellite weapons and the capability to disable an adversary''s computer networks and communications systems.

The result, according to the report, is a change in the Asian military balance and the potential for challenging U.S. and other modern foreign forces operating in the region. But the report says China''s ability to project military power beyond Asia remains limited.

The Defense Department report says the main focus of China''s military planning continues to be Taiwan - which it says leaders in Beijing are determined to prevent from acquiring independence. That includes plans for quick, limited strikes on the island by missiles and aircraft in order to remove leaders or convince them to change their plans before any U.S. or other foreign force could intervene, as well as efforts to prevent foreign forces from getting to or operating in the air and sea lanes close to the Taiwan Straits. The report indicates that approach appears to be taking precedence over any large-scale invasion of the island, even though China is becoming more capable of doing that.

The report says China deploys its most advanced new military systems to the coastal region directly across from Taiwan, including more and better short and medium range missiles, but that most of China''s military hardware remains somewhat less capable. Still, some of the more modern systems are mobile, including the medium-range missiles, which the report says can now reach from Indonesia in the south to Russia''s Kamchatka Peninsula in the northeast and nearly to Moscow in the northwest. That area includes a large percentage of deployed U.S. Pacific forces.

U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld declined Tuesday to characterize any potential threat from China, and instead referred reporters to the report itself.

"It''s a very accurate characterization of behavior, the behavior and the collective decisions that are being made in that country with respect to military investment and acquisitions," he says.

The report says China is working to improve its military largely by acquiring hardware and technology from abroad. It lists Russia as China''s main foreign military supplier, but also says Israel has provided some key technology, and that European countries and even the United States have sold some important military equipment to China. Secretary Rumsfeld says the report provides further evidence *****pport U.S. opposition to the European Union''s desire to lift its arms embargo against China.

"It clearly points up the reason that the president and the United States government have been urging the E.U. to not lift the arms embargo on the People''s Republic of China," Mr. Rumsfeld indicates.

Specifically, the report says lifting the EU arms embargo would help China improve its weapons systems and its ability to produce its own modern military equipment, would encourage Russia to sell more advanced military equipment to China and would give China easier access to Europe''s modern military training methods, logistics expertise and management practices. The report says Europe''s proposed new system of controls on military exports to China is "inadequate" and lifting the embargo would have "serious and numerous" consequences.

The report also expresses the concern that China''s increased military capability could make Chinese leaders more likely to use force against Taiwan or elsewhere - a situation the report says could result in dangerous miscalculations that "could lead to a full-fledged conflict." But at the same time, the report says China''s military is becoming more capable of using force in limited and relatively precise ways.

The Defense Department report also expresses concern that for all the United States knows about China''s military development, there is much it does not know. It says U.S. analysts knew nothing of several new Chinese weapons systems until they were officially unveiled.

The report says the United States does not even have a firm figure for China''s fast-growing defense budget, which it estimates could be as much as $90 billion, three times the figure China has officially announced for this year. Even that official figure of about $30 billion is double the official figure for the year 2000. If the U.S. estimate is right, China would have the world''s third largest defense budget, after the United States and Russia. And the report says China''s strong economic growth and desire to further modernize its military are being coordinated and are fueling each other.

The U.S. Defense Department''s report also warns Taiwan that it must develop countermeasures to avoid being "quickly overwhelmed" by China''s growing capabilities. It says Taiwan''s defense spending has declined steadily in real terms during the last ten years, and that although Taiwan, with U.S. support, tries to maintain advantages in selected key military areas, the growth of China''s capabilities is "outpacing" that effort.

China - opportunity or threat?
By Guy Anderson, E***or of Jane''s World Defence Industry
Beijing has ambitions to develop its military capabilities and narrow the gap between its domestic industry and other advanced arms producers by 2020. To this end, defence spending has increased by more than 10 per cent each year since 2000 (with the exception of 2003), and the provisional defence budget announced in March 2005 at the National People''s Congress stated that official spending would total Rmb244.67 billion (US$29.58 billion); an increase of 18.1 per cent over the 2004 budget.
Western countries, and, for that matter, some of their near neighbours - have been polarised by the prospect of an ever strengthening China.
France and Germany led calls with the European Union for an end to the arms embargo which had been in place against China since the Tiananmen Square massacre of 1989. A decision was pending at the time of writing.
The UK, however, joined the US in opposing moves within the EU to relax restrictions against Chinese exports. Indeed, the UK - and large contractors within it such as BAE Systems - appeared keen to avoid damaging its relationship with the US.
European countries have exported defence-related equipment to China within the rules of the embargo. Indeed, EU export licences worth US$550 million were issued for the sale of non-lethal military and dual-use goods to China in 2004. Equipment included France''s Castor-2B naval fire-control radar, Crotale ship-to-air missiles and launcher, TAVITAC naval combat automation system, Sea Tiger naval surveillance radar, AS-365N Dauphin-2 helicopter, and SA-321 Super Frelon helicopter; and Italy''s Aspide air-to-air missile, electronic countermeasures for A-AM aircraft, radar for F-TM and F-7MP fighters. The UK supplied avionics for F-7M fighters, and Searchwater airborne early warning radar.

Hãng Dầu Unocal Từ Chối Bán Cho Trung Quốc
LOS ANGELES - Chevron xin mua với giá 63 Mỹ Kim/cổ phần, trong khi quốc doanh Trung Quốc CNOOC xin mua với giá cao hơn là 67 MK/cổ phần. Vậy mà Unocal chịu bán cho Chevron, không chịu bán cho hãng Hoa Lục.
HĐ qủan trị của Unocal đã tán thành đề nghị mua với giá 17 tỉ MK của Chevron, bác bỏ đề nghị cao giá hơn của 1 công ty quốc doanh Trung Quốc - quyết định này là tín hiệu chấm dứt tham vọng chưa từng có của Trung Quốc nhằm mua doanh nghiệp xăng dầu Hoa Kỳ này.
Nội vụ cũng đã gây ra tranh luận về cac quan ngại về an ninh quốc gia với nuớc Trung Hoa CS.
Chevron hiến giá mỗi cổ phần 63 MK, tăng 2 MK/phần, tổng trị giá 17 tỉ MK, trước luc HĐ quản trị Unocal họp tối Thứ 3.
Công ty CNOOC thuộc tổng công ty Dầu Xa Bờ của Trung Quốc đề nghị 18.5 tỉ MK.
Trong thông cáo chung với Chevron, HĐ quản trị Unocal hô hào cổ đông chấp thuận cuộc tranh thầu tại hội nghị cổ đông họp ngày 10-8 sắp tới.
Nhưng, phát ngôn viên của công ty dầu lớn hạng 3 Trung Quốc báo tin vào sáng sớm Thứ Tư rằng họ chưa sẵn sàng bỏ cuộc - phát ngôn viên Ray Bashford tại Hongkong tuyên bố "Tiền đã sẵn đó, và còn trên bàn, chúng tôi muốn tiếp tục thương lượng.?
CNOOC có 70% vốn của nhà nước Trung Quốc trong tháng qua đã đề nghị mua Unocal với giá 67 MK/cổ phần.
Chevron tự nhận là có thế mạnh vì các duyệt xét về điều lệ đã được khai thông. Giá cổ phiếu Unocal hôm Thứ 3 tăng lên tới 64.99 MK. Cổ phiếu của Chevron cũng tăng 94 cents/phần.
Các nhà lập pháp tin rằng CNOOC tranh mua Unocal trong chiến lược thu gom năng lượng của Bắc Kinh trước khi thiếu hụt.
Một quan ngại khac là thông qua cuộc mua bán Unocal, Hoa Kỳ có thể vô tình chuyển giao kỹ thuật và tài sản có giá trị về quân sự.
Cùng ngày Thứ 3, thư của 9 nghị sĩ yêu cầu TT Bush hạ lệnh điều tra về cuộc tranh mua công ty dầu Unocal của CNOOC. Unocal và Chevron có tổng sản lượng dầu thô bằng 11% toàn quốc Hoa Kỳ.

Hy lạp dự định mua thêm ít nhất 30 chiếc F-16 của tập đoàn Lockheed Martin. Theo Bộ Trưởng Quốc phòng Hy lạp thì nước này sẽ thương lượng với chính phủ Mỹ để mua thêm 30 chiếc F-16 và nếu được sẽ thêm 10 chiếc nữa tổng cộng là 40 chiếc. Hợp đồng này nếu được chính phủ Hoa Kỳ chấp nhận sẽ mang tới cho Lockheed thêm 1.3 tỷ USD nữa.
Hiện tại Hy Lạp đã mua 140 chiếc F-16 trong 3 thập kỷ qua. Hy Lạp hy vọng sẽ bổ sung thêm lực lượng không quân của mình vào năm 2008-2009 với hợp đồng mua F-16 lần này.
Riêng phần hãng Lockheed, công ty này dự tính sẽ nhận thêm vài hợp đồng sản xuất F-16 để có thể kéo dài sự sản xuất đến năm 2010. Sau đó công ty sẽ bắt tay vào sản xuất F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. Nếu không nhận được hợp đồng nào thì hãng này sẽ phải đóng cửa và cho công nhân nghỉ việc chờ cho đến khi F-35 bắt đầu được sản xuất.
Cùng ngày Lockheed cũng nhận được 1 hợp đồng nâng cấp F-16 cho Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ trị giá 83.5 triệu USD.

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Ở đây em có bản tin bằng tiếng Anh về HKMH Nga tương lai mà Bác Steppy đã nói ở trên .
Date Posted 17 May 2005
Russia Will Begin Construction of New Aircraft Carrier not Earlier than 2010
Russia will begin to build aircraft carriers for the domestic fleet not earlier than 2010, the Russian Federation naval commander-in-chief, Vladimir Kuroedov, reported in an interview with RIA Novosti.
?oDesign, keel-laying and building of an aircraft carrier for Russia?Ts navy are possible after 2010. The arms program which is operable until 2010 does not provide for the construction of aircraft carrying ships. This is governed by the economics of the question,? he said.
Kuroedov added that the arms programs, which will be adopted after 1020, provides for the design and in the future the construction of an aircraft carrier for the navy.
A new aircraft carrier is supposed to save military ship construction
The navy commander-in-chief has announced the start of the design and construction of a new aircraft carrier. The billion-dollar project will be able to rescue Russian military ship building and raise Russia?Ts naval forces to the level of the leading countries of NATO.
?oRussia absolutely needs a second aircraft carrier,? the director of the Center for the Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, Ruslan Pukhov, thinks. ?oTwo aircraft carriers are needed for resolution of military and political tasks - one going on trips and a second being repaired.? The analyst?Ts opinion is based on the experience of the leading NATO countries ?" the navies of France, Great Britain, Italy and Spain have two aircraft carriers each in the inventory. The U.S.A. is the exception ?" 13 aircraft-carrying cruisers are on active duty.
?An aircraft carrier is the most complex engineering structure, there is nothing more complex ?"everything is located in a small volume ?" from the atomic equipment to the missile and aircraft,? adds the ?oBiznes? source. It will cost not less than two ?oAkula? type submarines. ?oThe ship itself will be at a minimum of two billion dollars,? Konstantin Makienko concludes.
One cannot do, according to command plans, on the new aircraft carrier without a new carrier-based airplane, too. ?oIn only several years we will see a new multirole airplane,? the commander-in-chief said. With the expenses for its creation, in the opinion of specialists, there will be no problems ?" India will give the money, on order of whom Russia is performing scientific research and experimental design work (NIOKR) on the upgrade of the MiG-29 airplane for the ?oAdmiral Gorshkov? aircraft carrier which was sold to India?Ts air force. ?oThe Indians chose the MiG-29 as the base for their aircraft carriers,? Ruslan Pukhov thinks. Thus, we will be able to carry out NIOKR with their money on this airplane and for our aircraft carriers.? ?oWe will get the MiG-29 into shape using Indian money,? the ?oBiznes? source agrees.
Source: 17.05.05, Biznes, correspondent: Vladimir Stepanov

Tin thêm về việc phát triển vật liệu tổng hợp dùng cho máy bay thế hệ thứ 5 của Nga . Máy bay PAK AF . Bản tin tiếng Anh :
Date Posted 16 May 2005
Future Fighter and Engine for It Being Developed Should Have Qualitatively Different Materials
The future tactical aviation aircraft complex ((PAK AF)) and the aircraft engine for it that are being developed should have qualitatively and principally new materials, the VIAM general director, Evgeniy Kablov, thinks.
In his opinion, the new generation aircraft engine will differ in principle from those that exist by the fact that the volume of polymers and metallic composite materials and ceramic materials will grow.
The new requirements for the future materials are stipulated by the though requirements for the aircraft engine ?" it has to obtain a qualitatively new ratio of the engine thrust to its mass. As of today, such a ratio is approximately 8-10:1, but the new generation engine should have a ratio of not less than 20:1, E. Kablov emphasized.
According to his information, in the American new generation F-22 ?oRaptor? fighter, in comparison with the aircraft existing today, a higher volume of polymer composites are used which amount to a level of approximately 35 percent and approximately up to 40 percent are titanium high-strength alloys, which correspondingly have reduced the volume of aluminum alloys being used.
Western Europe and U.S. experts have raised the priority of new materials and chemical technologies to second place in significance after information technologies and biotechnologies. The foreign experts recognized that the new materials are the main factor for the increase in competitiveness of new products, the VIAM head noted.
Several years ago, in the opinion of VIAM specialists, the share of materials in the construction of the future fighter?Ts airframe was supposed to be: aluminum alloys ?" 18 percent, aluminum-lithium alloys ?" 20 percent, titanium alloys ?" 22 percent, polymers ?" 30 percent, steel ?" 5 percent and similar materials ?" 5 percent.
Source: 14.05.05, AviaPort.RU, Correspondent: Dmitriy Kozlov

Trong khoảng thời gian từ 18 đến 25/8, Trung Quốc và Nga sẽ tiến hành tập trận chung lần đầu tiên với chiến dịch mang tên ''''Điệp vụ Hoà bình 2005''''.
Bộ Quốc phòng Trung Quốc ra thông cáo nhấn mạnh, cuộc tập trận chung sẽ được tiến hành tại khu vực miền Đông nước Nga - Vladivostok và Bán đảo Sơn Đông của Trung Quốc.
''''Điệp vụ Hoà bình 2005'''' có sự tham gia của khoảng 100.000 binh sĩ từ bộ binh, hải quân, không quân, thuỷ quân lục chiến và hậu cần thuộc lực lượng vũ trang Trung Quốc và Nga.
Bộ Quốc phòng Trung Quốc và Nga đã ký biên bản ghi nhớ tiến hành tập trận chung hồi tháng 7/2004. Tham mưu trưởng quân đội 2 nước sẽ tuyên bố khai mạc chiến dịch ''''Điệp vụ Hoà bình 2005'''' vào ngày 18/8 tại Vladivostok.
Hai nước cũng sẽ mời bộ trưởng quốc phòng các nước thành viên Tổ chức hợp tác Thượng hải (SCO) và đại diện các nước quan sát SCO chứng kiến cuộc tập trận chung.
Theo Bộ Quốc phòng Trung Quốc, cuộc tập trận nhằm tăng cường sự tin tưởng lẫn nhau giữa 2 nước, thúc đẩy hợp tác giữa 2 lực lượng vũ trang trong vấn đề quốc phòng và an ninh, đồng thời nâng cao năng lực chống khủng bố, ly khai và cực đoan.
(Trần Kiên - Theo Chinadaily)

Nhật Bản nói việc Tàu gia tăng chi phí quân sự là đáng lo ngại.
Japan''s defense planners fret over China spending
TOKYO (AFP) Aug 02, 2005
Japanese defense planners on Tuesday said the rise in Chinese military spending raised questions about Beijing''s intentions and whether it was going beyond self-defense, prompting a sharp reaction from China.
Echoing a US Pentagon report two weeks ago that said Chinese military power could pose a threat to the region, an annual white paper by the Defense Agency called to keep a close eye on the modernization of China''s armed forces.
But amid strained relations between the two countries, Defense Agency Director-General Yoshinori Ono stressed that Japan was not accusing China of threatening the country.
"China is not a threat to Japan but there is a point that deserves our attention," Ono told reporters after a meeting of Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi''s cabinet.
"Japan has to keep a good relationship with China as we are neighbors. However, I just hope China will enhance transparency on how much its military spending is growing by," Ono said.
The study said China had not made it clear how much it was spending on its military but that expen***ure was rising rapidly.
"China, which is steadily growing as a political and economic power in the region, continues to strengthen its military capabilities. Such trend draws attention from other countries in the region," the white paper said.
"It is necessary to keep paying attention to these modernization trends and to carefully evaluate whether the modernization of China''s military forces exceeds the level necessary for its national defense," it said.
China said its defense budget for fiscal 2005 would be 244.7 billion yuan, or more than 30 billion dollars, a roughly 12.6 percent increase from the previous year, the study said.
However actual expen***ure could be bigger, noting that costs for equipment procurement and research and development may not be reflected in the sum, it said.
"It is more than desirable that China will make an ad***ional effort to improve transparency of its defense policy and military capabilities," it said.
Beijing accused Japan of exaggerating the "China threat" and warned that the white paper risked harming ties.
"It is groundless and irresponsible for Japan to exaggerate the so-called ''China threat'' in its official document," the official Xinhua news agency said, quoting foreign ministry spokesman Kong Quan.
"It would mislead the public, result in suspicion of each other and opposition to each other in emotions, and harm the Sino-Japanese relations," Kong said, according to Xinhua.
Japan last year upset China by mentioning Beijing for the first time as a potential threat in its defense policy guidelines when they were updated after nine years.
The two nations have seen their relations deteriorate in recent months as they dispute over energy resources and how they remember Japan''s 1931-1945 occupation.
Separately, the Defense Agency said it was not clear if North Korea, which is holding marathon talks in Beijing with five nations including Japan on its nuclear program, was bluffing about its nuclear capabilities.
"There are views that North Korea is resorting to brinkmanship by intentionally heightening tension" by boasting of nuclear weapons, the study said.
But it said "the possibility of North Korea having considerably advanced its nuclear weapons program cannot be excluded."
"North Korea needs to be watched carefully because of the problems it poses with its development, deployment and proliferation of ballistic missiles as well as the nuclear problems in general," it said.
North Korea fired a missile over Japan into the Pacific in 1998, leading Japan and the United States to begin work on a missile defense shield.
The Defense Agency said Japan''s close alliance with the United States, which stations more than 40,000 troops in officially pacifist country, was important "in maintaining peace and stability" in the region but that China seemed "wary" of Washington.

Mỹ sẽ theo dõi chặt chẽ cuộc tập trận giữa Tàu và Nga.
U.S. Military Keenly Interested In Russian-Chinese Exercise: General
By AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE, WASHINGTON
The U.S. military is keenly interested in an unusual joint military exercise by Russian and Chinese troops and will attempt to monitor it, a top Pentagon official said August 3.
About 10,000 troops from Russia and China are expected to take part in the August 18-25 exercise, which will begin in Vladivostok and move to the Yellow Sea and the Jiaodong peninsula, the Chinese Defense Ministry said August 2.
The ministry said the exercise was aimed at improving trust and coordination between the Chinese and Russian militaries so they can better handle crises and ?omeet new challenges and threats.?
The U.S. Pacific Command will attempt to monitor the exercises, said Brigadier General Carter Ham of the U.S. Joint Staff.
?Clearly, there?Ts interest in anything that affects the security in the Pacific regions,? Ham said. ?oSo PACOM (Pacific Command) is keenly interested in that and will monitor that to the extent possible.?
?I wouldn?Tt say that that?Ts something they?Tre particularly worried about but certainly as it affects or may potentially affect security, they?Tre very interested,? he said.