Tư vấn luật - giải đáp các thắc mắc về vấn đề luật pháp

Bagai (trời nói chuyện với em mà em ba gai sao anh nói chuyện được - kidding)
Đây là câu hỏi dành cho sinh viên học corporation laws hay tương đương. Luật corporation law ở Mỹ là luật state law trong khi ở Anh và ở Úc lại là federal law. Tất nhiên là anh trả lời được nhưng mà bản thân anh không muốn "feed" cho học sinh mà anh bắt học sinh phải tự làm trước và sau đó anh chỉ cho chỗ sai. Có thể học sinh mới tự học và mới hiểu được bài. Bây giờ em đọc lại sách và cho anh biết em trả lời thế nào. Nếu em trả lời anh thấy em không có bỏ thời gian vào đọc sách thì anh sẽ không trả lời. Nếu em thấy anh im là em biết là em chưa có try hard em phải try lại.
Anh chỉ gợi ý nhỏ cho em là khi em đọc về Chapter Eleven em phải lưu ý điểm này:
(i) Khi người ta công bố bankruptcy họ sẽ chase trở lại your transactions (in the last five years thì phải) để xem là em có giấu tài sản hay không?
(ii) Thứ hai, khi em vay tiền của ngân hàng, nó là secured transaction hay là unsecured. Nói cách khác, đó là secured cre***ors hay là unsecured. Dựa vào đó, việc thanh lý tài sản sẽ được giải quyết accordingly.
Bây giờ là phần em trả lời cho anh nghe và phải quote ra luật nào chỗ nào (authority) - nó toàn là trong text book của em cả thôi. Sau đó anh xem anh sẽ chỉ cho chỗ nào đúng - sai hoặc cần phải nói thêm.

Bagai (trời nói chuyện với em mà em ba gai sao anh nói chuyện được - kidding)
Đây là câu hỏi dành cho sinh viên học corporation laws hay tương đương. Luật corporation law ở Mỹ là luật state law trong khi ở Anh và ở Úc lại là federal law. Tất nhiên là anh trả lời được nhưng mà bản thân anh không muốn "feed" cho học sinh mà anh bắt học sinh phải tự làm trước và sau đó anh chỉ cho chỗ sai. Có thể học sinh mới tự học và mới hiểu được bài. Bây giờ em đọc lại sách và cho anh biết em trả lời thế nào. Nếu em trả lời anh thấy em không có bỏ thời gian vào đọc sách thì anh sẽ không trả lời. Nếu em thấy anh im là em biết là em chưa có try hard em phải try lại.
Anh chỉ gợi ý nhỏ cho em là khi em đọc về Chapter Eleven em phải lưu ý điểm này:
(i) Khi người ta công bố bankruptcy họ sẽ chase trở lại your transactions (in the last five years thì phải) để xem là em có giấu tài sản hay không?
(ii) Thứ hai, khi em vay tiền của ngân hàng, nó là secured transaction hay là unsecured. Nói cách khác, đó là secured cre***ors hay là unsecured. Dựa vào đó, việc thanh lý tài sản sẽ được giải quyết accordingly.
Bây giờ là phần em trả lời cho anh nghe và phải quote ra luật nào chỗ nào (authority) - nó toàn là trong text book của em cả thôi. Sau đó anh xem anh sẽ chỉ cho chỗ nào đúng - sai hoặc cần phải nói thêm.

em sửa lại đây...
H has just graduated from CSU. He has accumulated student?Ts loans totaling $100,000. He finds employment and begins paying his student loans. However, H is involved in car accident and is on disability. During his disability period, the debts mount including his student loans. H contemplates filing bankruptcy. H stops paying his house notes, transfer his car for $5000. H runs up his cre*** cards o the maximum amount. H rents a safe deposit box and places all of his expensive jewelry in it. Then H files for bankruptcy.
Question: Is it valid transaction? How will his estate be distributed? Is the student loan dischargeable?
U.S.C, Title 11 > Chapter 7 > Subchapter Ii > § 727
The next three grounds for denial of discharge center on the debtor?Ts wrongdoing in or in connection with the bankruptcy case. They are derived from Bankruptcy Act § 14c [section 32(c) of former title 11]. If the debtor, with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud his cre***ors or an officer of the estate, has transferred, removed, destroyed, mutilated, or concealed, or has permitted any such action with respect to, property of the debtor within the year preceding the case, or property of the estate after the commencement of the case, then the debtor is denied discharge. The debtor is also denied discharge if he has concealed, destroyed, mutilated, falsified, or failed to keep or preserve any books and records from which his financial con***ion might be ascertained, unless the act or failure to act was justified under all the circumstances of the case. The fourth ground for denial of discharge is the commission of a bankruptcy crime, although the standard of proof is preponderance of the evidence rather than proof beyond a reasonable doubt. These crimes include the making of a false oath or account, the use or presentation of a false claim, the giving or receiving of money for acting or forbearing to act, and the withholding from an officer of the estate entitled to possession of books and records relating to the debtor?Ts financial affairs.
U.S.C, Title 11 > Chapter 5 > Subchapter Ii > § 523:
Paragraph (8) follows generally current law and excerpts from discharge student loans until such loans have been due and owing for five years. Such loans include direct student loans as well as insured and guaranteed loans. This provision is intended to be self-executing and the lender or institution is not required to file a complaint to determine the nondischargeability of any student loan.
Henry stops paying his house notes, transfer his car for $5000. He runs up his cre*** cards o the maximum amount. He rents a safe deposit box and places all of his expensive jewelry in it.
=>?... If the debtor, with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud his cre***ors or an officer of the estate, has transferred, removed, destroyed, mutilated, or concealed, or has permitted any such action with respect to, property of the debtor within the year preceding the case, or property of the estate after the commencement of the case, then the debtor is denied discharge?.?
Henry is denied discharge.
His property has to be distributed for the students loan first, and after that the cre***or.
The student loans cannot be dischargeable.
Được bagai sửa chữa / chuyển vào 01:14 ngày 20/03/2005

em sửa lại đây...
H has just graduated from CSU. He has accumulated student?Ts loans totaling $100,000. He finds employment and begins paying his student loans. However, H is involved in car accident and is on disability. During his disability period, the debts mount including his student loans. H contemplates filing bankruptcy. H stops paying his house notes, transfer his car for $5000. H runs up his cre*** cards o the maximum amount. H rents a safe deposit box and places all of his expensive jewelry in it. Then H files for bankruptcy.
Question: Is it valid transaction? How will his estate be distributed? Is the student loan dischargeable?
U.S.C, Title 11 > Chapter 7 > Subchapter Ii > § 727
The next three grounds for denial of discharge center on the debtor?Ts wrongdoing in or in connection with the bankruptcy case. They are derived from Bankruptcy Act § 14c [section 32(c) of former title 11]. If the debtor, with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud his cre***ors or an officer of the estate, has transferred, removed, destroyed, mutilated, or concealed, or has permitted any such action with respect to, property of the debtor within the year preceding the case, or property of the estate after the commencement of the case, then the debtor is denied discharge. The debtor is also denied discharge if he has concealed, destroyed, mutilated, falsified, or failed to keep or preserve any books and records from which his financial con***ion might be ascertained, unless the act or failure to act was justified under all the circumstances of the case. The fourth ground for denial of discharge is the commission of a bankruptcy crime, although the standard of proof is preponderance of the evidence rather than proof beyond a reasonable doubt. These crimes include the making of a false oath or account, the use or presentation of a false claim, the giving or receiving of money for acting or forbearing to act, and the withholding from an officer of the estate entitled to possession of books and records relating to the debtor?Ts financial affairs.
U.S.C, Title 11 > Chapter 5 > Subchapter Ii > § 523:
Paragraph (8) follows generally current law and excerpts from discharge student loans until such loans have been due and owing for five years. Such loans include direct student loans as well as insured and guaranteed loans. This provision is intended to be self-executing and the lender or institution is not required to file a complaint to determine the nondischargeability of any student loan.
Henry stops paying his house notes, transfer his car for $5000. He runs up his cre*** cards o the maximum amount. He rents a safe deposit box and places all of his expensive jewelry in it.
=>?... If the debtor, with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud his cre***ors or an officer of the estate, has transferred, removed, destroyed, mutilated, or concealed, or has permitted any such action with respect to, property of the debtor within the year preceding the case, or property of the estate after the commencement of the case, then the debtor is denied discharge?.?
Henry is denied discharge.
His property has to be distributed for the students loan first, and after that the cre***or.
The student loans cannot be dischargeable.
Được bagai sửa chữa / chuyển vào 01:14 ngày 20/03/2005

thêm câu nữa:
Wilma, 76 years old widow, is very rich. She is authorized to sign the checks on behalf of the nonprofit corporation. The nonprofit corporation has an endowment of $1,000000.00. John, an employee of the nonprofit corporation knows that often times, W signs the documents submitted to her without ever reading the documents. One day, John submits a number of documents for W to sign. Included in the batch of documents is a type written draft disbursing $10,000.00 from W?Ts personal account to John. W signs the draft, not knowing it to be a draft. John takes the draft and give it to Bill. B gives John 50 cents on the dollar. B then deposits the draft in his account at his bank and B bank cre***s B?Ts account for the total amount on the draft. W?Ts bank contacts her when the draft is presented for payment from B?Ts bank. W informs them not to pay the draft.
Must W?Ts bank pay the draft?
West?Ts Business Law, p499:
Fraud in execution
UCC 3-305(a)(1)(iii)
If a person is deceived into signing a negotiable instrument, believing that she or he is signing something other than a negotiable instrument, (such as a receipt), Fraud in execution, or inception, is committed against assigner.
?.
This defense cannot be raised, however, if a reasonable inquiry would have revealed the nature and terms of the instrument. Thus, the signer?Ts age, experience, and intelligence are relevant because they frequently determine whether the signer should have know the nature of the transaction before signing.
Wilma is a 76 year-old widow. => ?o?the signer?Ts age?.?
Wilma signs the draft, not knowing it to be a draft. => ?o?signing a negotiable instrument, believing that she or he is signing something other than a negotiable instrument??
John makes a Fraud in execution. Therefore, the Wilma?Ts bank doesn?Tt have to pay the draft.

thêm câu nữa:
Wilma, 76 years old widow, is very rich. She is authorized to sign the checks on behalf of the nonprofit corporation. The nonprofit corporation has an endowment of $1,000000.00. John, an employee of the nonprofit corporation knows that often times, W signs the documents submitted to her without ever reading the documents. One day, John submits a number of documents for W to sign. Included in the batch of documents is a type written draft disbursing $10,000.00 from W?Ts personal account to John. W signs the draft, not knowing it to be a draft. John takes the draft and give it to Bill. B gives John 50 cents on the dollar. B then deposits the draft in his account at his bank and B bank cre***s B?Ts account for the total amount on the draft. W?Ts bank contacts her when the draft is presented for payment from B?Ts bank. W informs them not to pay the draft.
Must W?Ts bank pay the draft?
West?Ts Business Law, p499:
Fraud in execution
UCC 3-305(a)(1)(iii)
If a person is deceived into signing a negotiable instrument, believing that she or he is signing something other than a negotiable instrument, (such as a receipt), Fraud in execution, or inception, is committed against assigner.
?.
This defense cannot be raised, however, if a reasonable inquiry would have revealed the nature and terms of the instrument. Thus, the signer?Ts age, experience, and intelligence are relevant because they frequently determine whether the signer should have know the nature of the transaction before signing.
Wilma is a 76 year-old widow. => ?o?the signer?Ts age?.?
Wilma signs the draft, not knowing it to be a draft. => ?o?signing a negotiable instrument, believing that she or he is signing something other than a negotiable instrument??
John makes a Fraud in execution. Therefore, the Wilma?Ts bank doesn?Tt have to pay the draft.

anh analyst coi 1 lượt 3 câu luôn nhe ....em "tried hard" tới gần sáng rồi đó...nếu mà anh thấy chưa "tried hard" thì cũng nói giùm em nhe...để em biết ...chứ đừng có im im...tội nghiệp em nhỏ ...hihi...tiếng Mỹ ko rành mà học mấy cái luật này ...em dò từ điển muốn nổ con mắt chứ ko phải là ko cố gắng đâu...
Mong anh luật sư chỉ giáo ạ..
P works as a bookkeeper for Charles-the owner of small company named Rustic. P and C start a relationship. C tells P to start a bookkeeping service, get a separate tax identification number. In effect create her own business. Paula does in fact create her own business and contracts with Charles to provide his business bookkeeping service. C then considers P an ?oindependent contractor? whereupon the contract is for one year and she is to be paid in monthly installments. Everything is ok until C meets Linda. C then refuses to renew the contract with P.
What is P status? What laws might be applicable if P is an employee.
West?Ts Business law p613:
Section 2 of Restatement of Agency defines an independent contractor as follows:
[An independent contractor is] a person who contracts with another to do something for him but who is not controlled by the other nor subject to the other?Ts right to control with respect to his physical conduct in the performance of the undertaking. He may or may not be an agent.
West?Ts Business law p640:
Lapse of time: An agency agreement may specify the time period during which the agency relationship will exist. If so, the agency ends when that time expires.
Charles then considers Paula an ?oindependent contractor? whereupon the contract is for one year and she is to be paid in monthly installments. Paula is an ?oindependent contractor?. When the contract expires, Charles can decide to renew the contract or not.
If Paula is an employee, this case is ?olapse of time?. Charles can renew or not renew the contract, too.

anh analyst coi 1 lượt 3 câu luôn nhe ....em "tried hard" tới gần sáng rồi đó...nếu mà anh thấy chưa "tried hard" thì cũng nói giùm em nhe...để em biết ...chứ đừng có im im...tội nghiệp em nhỏ ...hihi...tiếng Mỹ ko rành mà học mấy cái luật này ...em dò từ điển muốn nổ con mắt chứ ko phải là ko cố gắng đâu...
Mong anh luật sư chỉ giáo ạ..
P works as a bookkeeper for Charles-the owner of small company named Rustic. P and C start a relationship. C tells P to start a bookkeeping service, get a separate tax identification number. In effect create her own business. Paula does in fact create her own business and contracts with Charles to provide his business bookkeeping service. C then considers P an ?oindependent contractor? whereupon the contract is for one year and she is to be paid in monthly installments. Everything is ok until C meets Linda. C then refuses to renew the contract with P.
What is P status? What laws might be applicable if P is an employee.
West?Ts Business law p613:
Section 2 of Restatement of Agency defines an independent contractor as follows:
[An independent contractor is] a person who contracts with another to do something for him but who is not controlled by the other nor subject to the other?Ts right to control with respect to his physical conduct in the performance of the undertaking. He may or may not be an agent.
West?Ts Business law p640:
Lapse of time: An agency agreement may specify the time period during which the agency relationship will exist. If so, the agency ends when that time expires.
Charles then considers Paula an ?oindependent contractor? whereupon the contract is for one year and she is to be paid in monthly installments. Paula is an ?oindependent contractor?. When the contract expires, Charles can decide to renew the contract or not.
If Paula is an employee, this case is ?olapse of time?. Charles can renew or not renew the contract, too.

Hi, em
Anh đâu có nói là anh đã chưa trả lời vì anh thấy em chưa tried hard. Hôm qua anh trả lời xong thì anh busy với chuyện khác cho nên, in general, cả ba câu hỏi của em em phải chờ một chút nghe. Anh sẽ cố gắng vào chỉ cho em các trả lời. Thật ra, em trả lời như vậy là chưa được (as a law student) nhưng không phải vì thế mà anh không chỉ cho em. Khi em trả lời một câu hỏi về luật em phải:
(i) first đọc và phân tích facts của case; và
(ii) sau đó tìm law or legal authority để viện dẫn cho arguments của mình.
Cái mà em làm trong câu số 1 là em đưa ra hết mấy cái sections của Chapter Nổi Tiếng (chapter Eleven) chuyên về bankruptcy. Trả lời câu hỏi luật không phải là như vậy mà em phải chỉ quote ra những sections nào đúng vào câu hỏi.
cont.

Hi, em
Anh đâu có nói là anh đã chưa trả lời vì anh thấy em chưa tried hard. Hôm qua anh trả lời xong thì anh busy với chuyện khác cho nên, in general, cả ba câu hỏi của em em phải chờ một chút nghe. Anh sẽ cố gắng vào chỉ cho em các trả lời. Thật ra, em trả lời như vậy là chưa được (as a law student) nhưng không phải vì thế mà anh không chỉ cho em. Khi em trả lời một câu hỏi về luật em phải:
(i) first đọc và phân tích facts của case; và
(ii) sau đó tìm law or legal authority để viện dẫn cho arguments của mình.
Cái mà em làm trong câu số 1 là em đưa ra hết mấy cái sections của Chapter Nổi Tiếng (chapter Eleven) chuyên về bankruptcy. Trả lời câu hỏi luật không phải là như vậy mà em phải chỉ quote ra những sections nào đúng vào câu hỏi.
cont.