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Việt Nam nên mang Giáo Dục ******** vào học đường

Chủ đề trong 'Hạnh phúc gia đình' bởi mylang, 14/03/2002.

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  1. mylang

    mylang Thành viên quen thuộc

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    Việt Nam nên mang Giáo Dục ******** vào học đường

    Đấy, đề tài ******** nên được bàn thảo là như thế đấy . Chứ tự do ******** thì làm gì có chuyện nên hay không nên . Lâu nay có ai cấm chuyện ******** đâu . Còn người lớn có quan hệ với trẻ em dưới 18 tuổi thì ở đâu lại chả cấm



    Được sửa chữa bởi - chitto vào 17/03/2002 23:40

    Được sửa chữa bởi - paladin vào 18/03/2002 02:37
  2. mylang

    mylang Thành viên quen thuộc

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    Tài liệu về ngừa thai, ******** sớm, bệnh tật, ....
    Information and Statistics on ***uality Issues Relating to Adolescents
    Almost 98% of ***ually active teens regret early ***ual involvement. (America's Health Network, September 25, l996)
    Prior contraceptive education increases odds of starting intercourse at age 14 by 50% (Planned Parenthood, Family Planning Perspectives, l986)
    Since the push for contraceptive education for teens in the 70's, teenage pregnancy has increased 87%, abortions among teens increased 67%, and unwed births went up 61%. (U.S. Department of Heath, l992)
    Currently, less than 1/2 of ***ually active teens use condoms during intercourse, despite the fact that the federal government spent over 3 billion dollars on contraceptive and safe *** education and despite the fact that over 95% of these teens know about herpes, AIDS transmission, and genital warts. (Family Planning Perspectives, June 1991 and Morbi***y and Mortality Weekly, January 1992)
    Of the 3.3 million unplanned pregnancies in the U.S. each year, over 1 million of these occur to girls age 15-19. This is higher than any other developed country. (U.S. Department of Health and Statistics, l99l)
    Over 90% of all women who have had abortions report having one or more symptoms of Post-Abortion Syndrome, ranging from PID infections and sterility to persistent guilt, anxiety and depression. (Alan Guttmacher Institute, l990)
    Teens are more likely *****ffer from both maternal and infant morbi***y and mortality; 13% higher for 15-19 year-olds than for mothers in their 20's; 60% higher for mothers under age 15. (University of Chicago Children's Policy Research Project, l980)
    Two-thirds of all single moms age 14-25 live in poverty. (U. S. Department of Health and Statistics, l991)
    Only 37% of all single moms report having completed high school. (U.S. Department of Health and Statistics, 1991)
    In Colorado alone, over 20 million dollars per year is allocated in public assistance to teen moms. (R.A.P. Newsletter, August 1992)
    43% of all unplanned pregnancies occur while using some form of birth control. (Boston Herald, 1989)|
    HIV/AIDS in hetero***ual teenage population increased 44% in 1989. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center of Disease Control, 1991, Division of STD/HIV Prevention, Annual Report, p.13)
    62% of teenagers who have been ***ually active regret getting started with ***ual activity. (Roper Starch World Wide Poll, in conjunction with SIECUS, 1994)
    1 million unplanned pregnancies between ages 15-19 is higher than any other developed country. (U.S. Department of Health Statistics, 1992)
    Costs to Colorado taxpayers and insurance companies: for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - $38 million in 1990. (Journal of American Medical Association, October 2, 1992), Chlamydia - $21 million (Physician's Financial News, January 15, 1992), teen parents and related expenses - $252 million in 1986 (Elaine Bennett, Best Friends Program Materials, 1986). This number doubled by 1996. (The Robin Hood Foundation, June 1996). Availability of condoms and contraceptives have not made an impact.
    Contraceptive based projects have been funded 27:1 to abstinence and other educational strategies since 1970. (Jacqueline Kasun, American Life League, 1986 and Lawrence Criner, Washington Times, "Planned Parenthood's War on Abstinence"
    Nearly 70% of juveniles incarcerated come from homes with no father. (University of Michigan Law School, Law Quadrangle Notes, 1994)
    Most gang members, 60% of rapists and 75% of teenage homicide perpetrators come from single parent homes. (Nicholas Diapason, Life Without Father, Policy Review, 1990)
    46% of women presented at University Health Center for a variety of complains were tested positive for HPV. (H. Bauer, et al., Genital HPV Infection in Female University Students as determined by a PCR Base Method. JAMA, Vol. 265(4), January 23, 1991.
  3. mylang

    mylang Thành viên quen thuộc

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    Ảnh hưởng ******** sớm và phá thai trên các cô gái
    PHYSICAL
    SPREAD OF DISEASE - BURNING, ITCHING, PUS, OOZING, PREGNANCY
    DIFFICULT DELIVERY
    SCARRING
    TEENS 2 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE IN CHILDBIRTH OR PREGNANCY THAN OLDER MOMS
    ABORTIONS
    STRETCH MARKS
    LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES
    WEIGHT GAIN
    SAGGING BREASTS & TUMMY
    NAUSEA
    PAIN
    CANCER
    TEARS
    DARK CIRCLES UNDER EYES
    NERVOUS BREAKDOWN
    LOWER FERTILITY
    IMPOTENCE
    PREMATURE AGING (LOOK OLD & USED)
    MORE FREQUENT DR. VISITS - PAP SMEARS, ETC.
    WARTS, LESIONS
    SORES
    WEIGHT LOSS
  4. abaddon

    abaddon Thành viên quen thuộc

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    Yess
    [red]
    IN METAL WE TRUST
  5. mylang

    mylang Thành viên quen thuộc

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    101 kiểu ngừa thai !
    Contraceptives.101
    Deciding to have ***ual intercourse is a big decision and one thing that comes along with it is deciding which method of contraception or birth control to use. Not using some form of protection exposes you to the possibility of becoming (or getting someone) pregnant and getting an STD (***ually transmitted diseases). It is very important to talk with your partner about birth control before you have ***ual intercourse and to get the facts to help you decide which methods are best for you and your partner.
    Here are some general facts about the different types of birth control available.
    Abstinence | Condoms | The Pill (Oral Contraceptives) | Depo-Provera (Injectable Progestin) | Norplant (Implantable Hormone System) | The Female Condom | The Diaphragm and the Cervical Cap | The IUD (Intrauterine Device) | Foams, creams, jellies, films and suppositories | Fertility Awareness Methods | Surgical Sterilization | Withdrawal (Coitus Interruptus)
    Abstinence:
    Abstinence means waiting to have ***ual intercourse. Some people remain abstinent until marriage.
    Effectiveness:
    When practiced all the time, abstinence is the only 100 percent effective method of preventing pregnancy AND STDs. This makes it the best overall choice for teens.
    Abstaining from ***ual intercourse is easier than you think! Here are tips that will help:
    Talk openly with your partner about your decision to wait. Talking to a parent or other adult can also be helpful in answering your questions and concerns about making the right decisions. Remember adults were once teenagers too.
    Practice using effective refusal skills:
    Use the word NO - there is no good substitute.
    Use strong nonverbal messages - your body language should also say "No!"
    Repeat the message as much as needed; do not give in!
    Suggest alternative activities.
    When appropriate - reject the activity not the person.
    Goal Setting: Set realistic long and short-term goals. Stick to your goals! Avoid getting involved in risky things that could interfere with your goals.
    Cost:
    There is no cost.
    Advantages:
    Offers 100% protection against HIV and other STDs.
    100% effective way to avoid pregnancy.
    No medical or hormonal side effects.
    Doesn't cost anything.
    Many religious groups support the choice of abstinence among unmarried people.
    Disadvantages:
    One partner may decide he/she no longer wants to remain abstinent while the other partner wants to continue practicing abstinence.
    Facts to know:
    Not everybody is having ***. About 75% of 15 year olds have not had *** and even many older teens that are 17 and 18 are practicing abstinence.
    It is okay to decide to practice abstinence even if you have had *** in the past.
    Women and men often stop practicing abstinence without being prepared to protect themselves from pregnancy and HIV/STDs. It is important to talk to your partner about relationship expectations. Talk before it's too late!
    Practicing abstinence every now and then does not offer the same amount of protection against pregnancy and HIV/STDs as practicing abstinence each and every time.
    It may be hard to remain abstinent, but be confident - you can do it!
    Back to Top
    Condoms:
    The male condom is made out of a thin piece of latex or natural rubber which is placed over the erect ***** in order to prevent sperm from entering the vagina. Condoms also protect both males and females from some STDs. However, sheep skin condoms do not prevent STDs. Because all condoms can slip off during ***, they are not as effective at preventing disease.
    Effectiveness:
    The condom is 86% to 97% effective at preventing pregnancy depending on if it is used correctly. The reason condoms break is usually because a person used it wrong rather than something being wrong with the condom.
    How to Use a condom:
    A condom is placed on the erect ***** before any genital contact.
    For detailed instructions on how to use the condom correctly look on the condom box or wrapper.
    ** Never re-use a condom!
    ** Never use oil-based lubricants! Lubricants such as Vaseline, hand lotion, or massage oil weaken latex and make condoms break!
    How to get condoms:
    Condoms are available in drugstores, family planning clinics, vending machines in restrooms, school-based health centers, and some supermarkets.
    Cost:
    Ranges from 25 cents each to $2.50 each.
    A pack of 12 condoms range from $5 to $15.
    Condoms are sometimes given away for free at clinics.
    Advantages:
    Only form of birth control other than abstinence that offers protection against some STDs and HIV.
    Very easy to get.
    Reliable back-up or second method of birth control. A lot of people use the condom with birth control pills. People who use both methods are not only using two effective methods to prevent pregnancy in case one method fails, but they are also getting protection from STDs. The pill does not offer any protection from STDs, but the condom does.
    Disadvantages:
    Some males or females may be allergic to latex rubber and feel irritation.
    Condoms do not offer protection from all STDs like Herpes and genital warts -- which is caused by HPV (Human Papilloma Virus). Both of these STDs can spread or infect areas the condom does not cover which means a person can still get an STD even when a condom is being used.
    Facts to know:
    Choose latex condoms. Make sure that the condom is not lubricated with nonoxynol-9. Recent research shows that nonoxynol-9 can increase your risk of STDs because it irritates the lining of the vagina.
    Contraceptive creams, jellies, suppositories, and foam containing anti-sperm agents (other than nonoxynol-9) are the best types of lubricant to use with condoms because they provide ad***ional protection from STDs. Do NOT use oil-based lubricants!
    Do not unroll condoms before putting them on.
    Do not reuse condoms or expose condoms to heat.
    Do not store condoms in wallets. They can get punctured easily in wallets without you even knowing it.
    Always check the expiration date before using a condom. If it is expired, throw it away.
    Back to Top
    The Pill (Oral Contraceptives):
    The most common type of birth control pill is the "combination pill" which has two synthetic or fake hormones in it called, estrogen and progestin which are similar to the hormones the ovaries normally produce. Mini-pills are a type of pill which only contains progestin. When the pill is taken daily and properly, it prevents ovulation or stops the ovaries from releasing an egg.
    Effectiveness:
    When taken according to instructions the pill is 99.9% effective. However, when people do not use the pills correctly they are only 95% to 98% effective. The most common reason for not using the pill correctly are skipping pills and using antibiotics while on the pill without a second method of birth control.
    How to use the Pill:
    Visit your doctor, family planning clinic, HMO, or health center to be prescribed oral contraceptives and take as directed.
    Pills must be taken daily. Pregnancy CAN happen anytime after you STOP taking the pill.
    Take the pill the same time every day.
    The pill is not effective during the first month of use. A backup method of birth control is needed during this time period.
    Ask your doctor or other health care provider any questions or concerns you have.
    Where to get pills:
    Visit a family planning clinic, HMO, or private doctor for a prescription. Pills may be purchased at a clinic or drugstore.
    Cost:
    A monthly package costs between $15 and $35. The cost is usually less at a clinic. Generic brands can also be purchased which can lower the cost. Be sure you first get a pelvic examination which ranges from about $35-$125, depending on insurance. Pelvic exams are usually cheaper at clinics.
    Advantages:
    Menstrual periods become more regular.
    Fewer menstrual cramps and a lighter flow during your menstrual period.
    Less iron deficiency anemia, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and ectopic (tubal) pregnancies.
    Protection against ovarian and endometrial cancers and non-cancerous breast tumors and ovarian cysts.
    Convenient and easy to use.
    Now there are pills available with lower doses of hormones that have fewer side effects.
    Disadvantages:
    Offers no protection against STDs and HIV.
    May cause side effects ranging from nausea to spotting between periods.
    Must remember to take it everyday.
    Facts to know:
    Pregnancy can happen if a person does not use the pill correctly. A second form of birth control should be used if:
    - pills are missed
    - pills are started too late in the cycle.
    Also, if you have been prescribed antibiotics MAKE SURE you use a second form of birth control. Antibiotics counteract with the pill and make them less effective or cause them to not work.
    Call your clinician/doctor immediately if you have:
    - sudden shortness of breath, pain in the abdomen, chest or arm, or blurred, double or loss of vision in one eye
    - severe headache
    - yellowing of the skin or eyes
    - severe depression
    - unusual swelling or pain in the legs.
    You shouldn't use the pill if you have ever had:
    - unexplained vaginal bleeding
    - blood clots in the veins
    - cancer of the breast or uterus
    - a skin cancer called "malignant melanoma".
    Women over 35 who smoke more than 15 cigarettes a day should NOT be on the pill.
    Back to Top
    Depo-Provera (Injectable Progestin):
    Depo-Provera is a synthetic or fake hormone which must be injected into a woman's body every 3 months (or 12 weeks) by a doctor or clinician. The hormone is shot into the muscles of the buttock or arm. A thorough physical examination and medical history is required before a person receives the shot. Depo-Provera prevents pregnancy in one of three ways: by causing the ovaries to stop releasing eggs; by thickening the cervical mucus which stops sperm from joining the egg; and by preventing the fertilized egg from implanting into the uterus.
    Effectiveness:
    Better than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.
    How to use Depo-Provera:
    A person on Depo-Provera needs to get a shot given by a doctor every three months.
    Where to get Depo-Provera:
    Depo-Provera must be given by a private doctor, HMO, or family planning clinic since it cannot be purchased in stores.
    Cost:
    Cost of an examination ranges from $35-$125.
    Cost of each injection ranges from $22-$30.
    Costs are cheaper at clinics.
    Advantages:
    Does not need to be taken daily or used right before ***ual intercourse.
    Prevents pregnancy for 12 weeks.
    Disadvantages:
    Offers no protection against STDs and HIV.
    Some women suffer from side effects such as hair loss, change in appetite, longer menstrual flow or spotting.
    Facts to know:
    Woman should not use Depo-Provera if they:
    - are pregnant
    - have unexplained vaginal bleeding
    - have ever had cancer of the breast
    - have recently had blood clots in the legs, lungs, or eyes
    - have a serious liver disease or any kind of growths of the liver
    - are allergic to Depo-Provera
    - are taking medication for Cushing's syndrome.
    Tell your clinician immediately if you have:
    - vaginal bleeding that lasts longer and is much heavier than your normal period
    - severe headaches
    - major depression
    - sudden severe abdominal pain.
    Back to Top
    Norplant (Implantable Hormone System):
    Norplant is implanted under the skin in the upper arm. It prevents pregnancy by releasing small amounts of progestin, a hormone, into a woman's body. Similar to Depo-Provera, the hormone interferes with ovulation and causes the cervical mucus to thicken.
    Effectiveness:
    Norplant is 99.5 percent effective against preventing pregnancy.
    Facts About Getting Norplant:
    First get a physical exam and medical history from your clinician or doctor.
    A clinician will numb a small area in your upper arm and will make one small cut. Six capsules that look like match sticks will be attached under the skin of the arm.
    The procedure takes about 10 minutes and protection against pregnancy begins within 24 hours after the procedure.
    A follow-up with the doctor is needed during the first 3 months after the implant.
    Norplant is removed after five years -- at this time it stops working. Getting Norplant removed is similar to getting it inserted. It takes about 15-20 minutes. When the old Norplant is removed, a new one can be inserted at this time.
    Where to get Norplant:
    Like Depo-Provera, you can get Norplant from a private doctor, HMO, or family planning clinic.
    Cost:
    Between $500 and $750 for the medical exam, implants, and getting it inserted. This equals a little over $100 a year over a five year period.
    Removal may cost $100 to $200.
    Advantages:
    Birth control that lasts up to five years.
    Can be used while breast feeding (six weeks after delivery).
    Does not have to be taken daily.
    Disadvantages:
    Offers no protection against STDs and HIV.
    Beginning costs are high.
    Some women suffer from side effects.
    Facts to know:
    Norplant can be removed anytime before the five year removal time period.
    Women should not use Norplant if they:
    -are pregnant
    -have unexplained vaginal bleeding
    -are breast feeding in the first six weeks after delivery
    -have blood clots or inflammation of the veins
    -have serious liver disease
    -have ever had breast cancer.
    Tell your clinician immediately if:
    -you have vaginal bleeding that lasts longer and is heavier than your normal period
    -your period is late after a long period of regular cycles
    -you have severe abdominal pain
    -there is pain, pus, or bleeding at the area where the implant was inserted
    -one of the implants seems to be coming out.
    Back to Top
    The Female Condom:
    The female condom is made out of lubricated polyurethane that fits into the vagina and prevents sperm and other bodily fluids from entering the vagina. There are flexible rings at both ends of the condom and it is inserted like a diaphragm is inserted (see below).
    Effectiveness:
    Because the female condom is more difficult to use and some people may not follow the instructions properly, it is about 79 to 95 percent effective at preventing pregnancy.
    How to use a female condom:
    It is recommended to use spermicide before the female condom is inserted.
    The inner ring fits behind the pubic bone and the outer ring remains outside of the body -- instructions on how to use it are on the package. Follow directions carefully.
    After intercourse, the condom is removed by first squeezing and twisting the outer ring to keep semen inside the condom, then by gently pulling the condom out of the vagina. Once it has been removed, throw it away--do not flush!
    Where to get female condoms:
    Female condoms can be purchased without a prescription at drugstores, clinics, and at some supermarkets.
    Cost:
    About $2.50 each.
    Advantages:
    Allows females to take responsibility for STD protection.
    Allows females to take responsibility for pregnancy prevention.
    When used correctly, it offers better protection against genital warts and genital herpes.
    It can be inserted before ***.
    It's made of polyurethane which has been proven to offer better protection than latex against viruses such as HIV.
    Disadvantages:
    Before you use the female condom, you must completely understand the directions and follow them exactly.
    The inner and outer rings may cause some women discomfort.
    Generally, the female condoms cost more than male condoms.
    Facts to know:
    Stop intercourse if the ***** slips between the condom and the walls of the vagina or if the outer ring is pushed into the vagina.
    Do not reuse the condoms!
    Back to Top
    The Diaphragm and the Cervical Cap:
    Both the diaphragm and the cervical cap are barrier methods of birth control that fit securely over the cervix -- the lowest part of the uterus -- to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. The uterus is where the egg is implanted and a baby grows. Both methods of birth control are used with a spermicidal cream or jelly that kills sperm.
    Effectiveness:
    The diaphragm is between 80 and 94 percent effective at preventing pregnancy. The cervical cap is between 80 and 91 percent effective at preventing pregnancy among women who have not had a child. The cervical cap is only 60 to 74 percent effective for women who have had children.
    How to use the diaphragm and the cervical cap:
    Both methods should always be fitted by a physician or other trained health care provider to get the right size.
    Place about one tablespoon of spermicide inside the dome of the diaphragm or cervical cap. Your doctor will tell you the proper way to insert and remove the diaphragm/cervical cap.
    Both methods may be inserted into the vagina up to 2 hours before intercourse and should be left in place for 8 hours after intercourse.
    The diaphragm and cervical cap should be washed with warm soap and water, rinsed and dried after each use.
    Where to get a diaphragm or cervical cap:
    To get the diaphragm or the cervical cap you need a prescription from a doctor, HMO, or family planning clinic. With the prescription, you may purchase them at a drugstore or clinic.
    Cost:
    Fitting visit may cost between $50 to $125.
    Cervical caps and diaphragms cost between $13 to $25.
    Spermicidal jelly or cream costs about $4 to $8 a kit.
    Advantages:
    The cervical cap may be left in the vagina for up to 48 hours and still work against preventing pregnancy.
    The diaphragm used with a spermicidal cream or jelly containing nonoxynol-9 may offer some protection against STDs and HIV.
    Disadvantages:
    An uncomfortable diaphragm may cause pain and cramping especially if it is too big.
    Women need to be very familiar with their reproductive organs and anatomy in order to use the cervical cap correctly.
    Even though side effects are rare with these methods, some women will develop bladder infections from using the diaphragm.
    Facts to know:
    You should not douche while using a diaphragm or cervical cap. As a matter of fact, doctors never recommend douching.
    Women who have had a full-term pregnancy, an abortion or miscarriage beyond the first three months of pregnancy, or pelvic surgery, should check to see if the diaphragm or cervical cap are still the right size.
    The diaphragm should also be checked after a weight gain or loss of 10 or more pounds.
    Check for weak spots or pin holes by holding the diaphragm or cervical cap up to the light.
    Perfumed powder and talc and petroleum jelly can cause damage to both methods.
    Tell your doctor/clinician if:
    -you or your partner have any discomfort while the method is in place
    -you have problems keeping it in place
    -you have irritation or itching in the genital area
    -you have frequent bladder infections or unusual discharge from the vagina.
    Never borrow or use someone else's diaphragm or cervical cap.
    Back to Top
    The IUD (Intrauterine Device):
    The IUD is a small device made of plastic that contains copper or a natural hormone. It prevents pregnancy by making sperm not able to move, by speeding the movement of the egg through the Fallopian tube, and by stopping the egg from implanting itself. The IUD can be left in place for eight years and is recommended for women who do not want any more children, who have had at least one child and who are in a monogamous relationship (a ***ual relationship with only one person). The reason it is not recommended for other women is because the IUD increases a woman's chance of infection and tubal scarring which can lead to infertility or not being able to have children. Only a doctor or other skilled health care provider can insert or remove the IUD.
    Effectiveness:
    The IUD is about 97.4 to 99.2 percent effective at preventing pregnancy.
    How to use the IUD:
    The IUD should be inserted by a physician during the first few days of menstruation.
    A string is attached to the IUD. After each menstrual period, the string should be checked to ensure that the IUD is in place.
    After the first six weeks of use, a doctor needs to check to make sure it is in the proper place.
    Depending on the type of IUD, the amount of time it can stay in a woman's body varies. Progestasert IUDs must be changed every year and ParaGard IUDs can be left in place for up to 10 years.
    Where to get IUDs:
    To get an IUD visit a private doctor, HMO, or family planning clinic.
    Cost:
    $250 to $450--this cost includes the exam, getting it inserted, and a follow-up visit.
    Advantages:
    The IUD does not change the hormone levels in the body.
    The IUD decreases blood loss during periods and reduces menstrual cramps.
    The IUD works as birth control for up to 10 years.
    Disadvantages:
    Some women experience side effects ranging from more menstrual cramps to pelvic infections.
    Offers no protection against STDs and HIV.
    Facts to know:
    This method of birth control is recommended for women with only ONE *** partner and/or a woman who have had a baby because the IUD can cause infections which lead to infertility.
    The IUD may cause infection of the fallopian tubes which can cause a woman to not be able to have children. This is why the IUD is not recommended for women who have not yet had any children or women who may want more children in the future. This method is not recommended for teenagers
    You should not use the IUD if you have:
    -unexplained abnormal vaginal bleeding
    -a recent history of pelvic infection
    -a history of tubal pregnancies
    -had an abnormal Pap test recently
    -any disease that decreases your ability to fight infections such as leukemia or HIV.
    Tell your physician immediately if you:
    -are not able to feel the string attached to the IUD
    -have a missed, late, or light period
    -have severe cramping or pain that won't stop in the lower abdomen
    -have unexplained fever and/or chills
    -have pain or bleeding during ***
    -have a larger amount than usual or a bad-smelling vaginal discharge.
    Back to Top
    Foams, creams, jellies, films and suppositories:
    These methods are liquids or solids that "melt" after they are inserted and spread around inside the vagina. They prevent pregnancy by blocking the entrance of the uterus. These methods contain spermicide which kills sperm.
    Effectiveness:
    How well these methods prevent pregnancy range from 74 to 95 percent effective. Effectiveness depends on a person's ability to follow directions. Most often these methods are only 78 percent effective because people may not use them correctly. Foams, creams, jellies, films and suppositories are more effective if used with condoms -- more than 99 percent effective at preventing pregnancy when both methods are used.
    How to use foams, creams, jellies, films and suppositories:
    Follow the instructions on the package carefully!
    Instructions are a little different for each method.
    Usually a person needs to wait 10 minutes between the time the method is inserted to the time they have ***.
    These methods do not work for more than an hour after they have been inserted.
    Where to get foams, creams, jellies, films and suppositories:
    Each of these methods may be purchased without a prescription at drugstores, some supermarkets, health centers and family planning clinics.
    Cost:
    A kit of foam and gel are about $8-$18. Refills cost $4 to $8. You get between 20 to 40 in each pack.
    Advantages:
    A person can get these methods without a prescription from a doctor.
    Disadvantages:
    These methods do not give a person much or any protection against STDs and HIV. Methods that have spermicide with nonoxynol-9 in them may only offer some protection.
    One or both partners may be allergic to the spermicides. If allergic, these methods can cause some irritation to the vagina or *****.
    Facts to know:
    Effectiveness depends mostly on being able to follow instructions exactly and very carefully.
    Using a condom with one of these methods, reduces your chance of pregnancy and STDs by a lot.
    Back to Top
    Fertility Awareness Methods:
    This method of birth control helps a woman predict when ovulation will happen. Ovulation is when an egg is released from the ovaries and ready for fertilization from a sperm. Women using this method can predict when pregnancy is most likely to happen. They can find out the "safe" and "unsafe" days to have ***. There are three different types of fertility awareness methods: basal body temperature method (BBT), cervical mucus method, calendar or "rhythm" method.
    Effectiveness:
    The more irregular a female's menstrual cycle, the less effective each method is. Teens are more likely to have irregular periods because they have just started their child-bearing years.
    BBT is 65 to 85 percent effective at preventing pregnancy. How well it works depends on how regular a woman's menstrual cycle is and how carefully instructions are followed.
    Cervical Mucus Method is 78 to 80 percent effective at preventing pregnancy when done correctly.
    Calendar method is 85 to 65 percent effective at preventing pregnancy when done correctly.
    How to use fertility awareness methods:
    BBT
    Consult with a doctor or trained health care provider to get detailed instructions.
    Take your temperature every morning before getting out of bed. Every day record the data on a chart.
    Your temperature rises between 0.4 and 0.8 degrees Fahrenheit on the day of ovulation and remains at this level until your next period.
    The first three full days after ovulation a woman is fertile. During this time women have the greatest chance of becoming pregnant; therefore, *** should be avoided or a form of birth control should be used.
    Before a woman can accurately tell when ovulation will happen, it takes 3 to 4 months in a row of recording body temperature.
    ** NOTE: Sperm can live up to 5 days inside a woman's body in the reproductive system. A person needs to remember this and make sure sperm is not inside the reproductive system during the fertile times of the month.
    Cervical mucus method
    Consult with a doctor or trained health care provider to get detailed instructions.
    Observe the changes in your cervical mucus and record the changes daily on a chart. During a woman's menstrual cycle, the cervical mucus varies from dry to white and cloudy to clear and stringy.
    The consistency of your cervical mucus tells you when you are most fertile or most likely to become pregnant. A few days before ovulation the mucus will become clear and slippery.
    Calendar method
    Keep track of your menstrual cycles each month by marking on a calendar the days of your period.
    Consult with a trained health care provider to get detailed instructions.
    Where to learn about BBT, the mucus method, and the calendar method:
    Family planning clinics, church centers and health departments can give you more information about these methods.
    Cost:
    Charts for recording information are provided by family planning clinics. They usually cost very little or nothing.
    Temperature kits can be purchased at drugstores for $5 to $10.
    Advantages:
    Most religious groups find these methods of birth control acceptable and not against any of their beliefs.
    There are no hormonal side effects and little cost involved.
    BBT helps women understand and learn about their bodies and their fertility.
    BBT is very helpful for women who want to become pregnant.
    Disadvantages:
    Offers no protection against STDs and HIV.
    Sickness and not enough sleep can cause false temperature readings when relying on the BBT method.
    The cervical mucus method will not work as well if a woman has a vaginal infection or if a woman is using any products or medications for the vaginal area.
    The calendar method and BBT are not recommended for teens and for women with irregular periods.
    Some women do not produce enough mucus to track changes throughout the cycle.
    Facts to know:
    Women with irregular periods or irregular body temperature patterns should NOT use these methods.
    It is very important to be exact when using these methods!
    To prevent pregnancy with these methods, women must not have *** or must use a form of birth control during times of the month that pregnancy is possible.
    Back to Top
    Surgical Sterilization:
    Sterilization is a form of birth control that requires surgery. This method is meant to be permanent. Tubal sterilization is the surgery for women to become sterile or to not be able to have children. A vasectomy is the surgery for men to become sterile. Surgical sterilization for both men and women is a procedure done in an operating room where the transport tubes -- for women, the fallopian tubes; for men, the vas deferens -- are either tied shut or cut so that the sperm or eggs can't get through.
    Effectiveness:
    Sterilization is 98 to 99.4 percent effective at preventing pregnancy. How sterilization is used:
    Both men and women considering sterilization should first get a physical exam and complete a health history. A person needs to get all the facts before deciding to have this operation.
    For both men and women who have gone through sterilization, a back up method of birth control should be used after the surgery. Women need to use a second method of birth control until their first menstrual cycle and men need to use a second method of birth control for the next 20 ejaculations.
    Where to get the procedure done:
    A vasectomy may be performed as an out-patient in a hospital or in a medical office under local (the person is awake) anesthesia.
    Tubal sterilization can also be done as an out-patient procedure and must be done by a physician in a hospital or clinic. This procedure can be performed under local or general (the person is asleep) anesthesia and is often done following another gynecologic procedure, like delivering a baby.
    Cost:
    A vasectomy costs between $240 and $1,000.
    Tubal sterilization is more expensive because the costs include a physician, surgical fees, hospital costs, and anesthesia fees. Costs range from $1,000 to $2,500.
    Advantages:
    Permanent protection against pregnancy.
    One-time expense only.
    The procedure is effective and safe.
    Disadvantages:
    No protection against STDs and HIV.
    Mild side effects may occur after both operations.
    A person may decide in the future they want to have children.
    A person may experience pain for some time after the procedure.
    Facts to know:
    Pregnancy is rare after sterilization, but it may happen. If you have late or missed periods, severe lower abdominal pain, and/or nausea and breast tenderness contact your physician immediately.
    Sterilization is best for individuals who are sure they do not want any more children.
    A person may become pregnant after having a tubal sterilization if the tubes rejoin or if an error happened during the surgery.
    Males may not be sterile immediately after the operation and should use a second method of birth control during the first 20 ejaculations.
    Back to Top
    Withdrawal (Coitus Interruptus):
    Withdrawal is the removal of the ***** from the vagina before ejaculation occurs. Even though some people practice withdrawal, it is not a form of birth control. If you practice withdrawal because you think it prevents pregnancy, think again! This method is not very effective and should not be practiced! One reason it is not very effective is because of pre-ejaculatory fluid, which is a fluid that the ***** secretes during ***. Even though this fluid happens before ejaculation or "cum", it does contain sperm.
    Effectiveness:
    This method is between 75 and 96 percent effective at preventing pregnancy, if done correctly.
    How to use withdrawal:
    Ejaculation must happen outside of the vagina and away from the outside parts of the female's genitalia.
    Cost:
    There is no cost.
    Advantages:
    The method uses no chemicals or devices.
    Disadvantages:
    Offers no protection against HIV and other STDs.
    Withdrawal requires a great amount of self control, and trust.
    During ***, it is difficult for men to know exactly when they will or have ejaculated. Ejaculation can happen without either partner knowing it.
    Facts to know:
    When a guy gets excited ***ually a small amount of fluid known as pre-ejaculatory fluid comes out of the tip of the *****. Because the pre-ejaculatory fluid may contain sperm, a woman could get pregnant even if ejaculation did not happen inside the vagina.
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    Buổi hẹn an toàn xa lô. Làm sao để tránh bị hãm hiếp trong những buỐi hẹn hò
    Safe Dating Tips for Teens
    True or False? Rape only happens in dark alleys in dangerous areas of town to people who are asking for it. FALSE!! According to statistics on ***ual violence, one in three girls as well as one in seven boys will be assaulted before they reach their 18th birthday. ***ual assault not only includes rape, but also any unwanted ***ual act that is attempted or completed against you. Unlike a robbery or a murder, victims of ***ual assault are often unsure what they have experienced should be characterized as assault. This is true for victims of ***ual assault due to the fact that 84 percent of the time the perpetrator or attacker is an acquaintance if not a relative or friend. Make Every Date A Safe Date:
    First Time Together? Don't go out as a twosome. Go out with another couple or go in a group.
    Don't Isolate. Stay in places where other people are near enough to hear you and to be of help. Parking in a remote spot isn't a good idea at any age.
    Know Your Limits. Before a formal date, especially as a couple, think through your own limits regarding ***ual contact. It's easier to stick to principles you've determined when you're calm and alone.
    Express Your Wishes. Be wary when your relationship seems to be evolving with one person taking control or acting aggressively; this same pattern could occur in a ***ual situation.
    Date's Over. Be very clear in communicating what you feel, beyond just saying "No." It's important to be up front and tell the person you are dating your expectations, such as discussing abstaining from ***ual intercourse before you find yourself in a ***ual situation. If a person you are dating wants to go further ***ually than you are willing, insist that the date and/or the relationship is over. If he/she won't leave, leave your date.
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    Bệnh truyền nhiễm qua đường ********
    Here's the deal.....
    ***ually transmitted diseases (STDs) are very real and unfortunately do happen to a lot of teens. You'd probably be surprised to learn how many people you know in school that have an STD or who will get one during their teen years. Even worse, some risky behaviors that are practiced when you're a teen can show up years later and cause a life threatening illness. HIV/AIDS is what we're talking about. Many adults in their twenties or thirties got HIV when they were teens, but didn't find out until they were older. It can take HIV as long as 10 years to show up, even though you've had it all along.
    So what does all this mean? It means teens have to be very careful and learn all about STDs and how to protect themselves. Knowledge is your best protection. Many STDs do not have any warning signs until it's too late and permanent damage is done. And you can't tell if someone has an STD just by looking at them. So read up!
    Getting the Facts....
    Every year 3 million teens--about one in four ***ually experienced teens--become infected with a ***ually transmitted disease (STD).
    (The Alan Guttmacher Institute 1998 "Facts in Brief: Teen *** and Pregnancy". available: www.agi-usa.org. [accessed 1999, November 11.])
    In the United States during 1997, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was the seventh leading cause of death among individuals aged 15-24.
    (National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 47, No. 9, June 30, 1999.)
    Gonorrhea and chlamydia are the two most common STDs among teenagers and young adults.
    (State of Maryland Department of Health & Mental Hygiene/AIDS Administration. Maryland HIV/AIDS Update: Summer 98.)
    Gonorrhea and chlamydia are very common among adolescents and young adults for a few reasons:
    This age group is more likely to have many *** partners.
    This age group is more likely to have unprotected ***ual intercourse.
    Biologically, young women are more likely to get these infections due to the cell makeup in the cervix.
    (State of Maryland Department of Health & Mental Hygiene/AIDS Administration. Maryland HIV/AIDS Update: Summer 98.)
    Like chlamydia and gonorrhea, teens and young adults have the highest rates of syphilis in the U.S. Syphilis affects more people between the ages of 15 and 30 than among any other age group. It also affects people with many *** partners.
    (World Health Organization. December 1997 Fact Sheet. available: www.who.ch/.)
    Condoms do not offer protection against all STDs. For example, HPV (human papilloma virus) is the virus that causes genital warts. HPV can be found on the dry skin surrounding the groin and stomach. A condom does not protect this area which means a person could still become infected with HPV. Once infected with HPV, the virus can move from those areas to the vagina and cervix.
    (The Youth Connection. May/June 1999. "News & Trends.")
    In a recent Teen People survey, teens ages 15 to 17 reported that it is easier to have ***ual intercourse with a partner than to discuss STDs with a partner. Teens thought STDs were an embarrassing topic to discuss. But stop to think about it, what is more embarrassing talking about it or getting an STD and explaining it later?
    (The Youth Connection. May/June 1999. "News & Trends.")
    Forty-three percent (43%) of the teens surveyed also reported that they do not use a condom every time they have intercourse. If a person is not responsible enough to discuss STDs with a partner and to use protection, that person is not ready to have ***ual intercourse.
    (The Youth Connection. May/June 1999. "News & Trends.")
    Alcohol and drugs can make people do things they normally would not do which may increase their risk of STDs. Adolescent females who used alcohol were 70 percent more likely to have had several *** partners in the past three months than those who did not use alcohol. Similarly, males who used alcohol were 60 percent more likely to have multiple ***ual partners.
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    Áp lực từ bạn bè xúi ?
    Feeling Pressured?
    Peer pressure is a term that's thrown around all of the time. Teachers and parents warn you to "watch out" and "just say no". They see peer pressure as a very dangerous teen activity, but for the most part, they are wrong. Teens may make fun of this discussion, but deep down you know that peer pressure is a real issue. Not only are you often pressured by friends to do things, but you pressure other people as well. So what's the deal with teen peer pressure?
    What is PEER PRESSURE?
    A Peer is someone at your level, for teens this usually means someone your own age.
    Pressure is when someone tries to persuade you or get you to do something. It's also the feeling you get when someone is trying to get you to do something.
    Peer pressure isn't always a bad thing! As a matter of fact, it's usually a good thing. Peers can pressure you to join a club or team, to do an after-school activity or pressure you to NOT try something you don't want to do - like alcohol, drugs or ***.
    In a recent poll conducted by the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, teen girls reported that 58 percent of teens felt that peers have a "very positive" or "somewhat positive" effect on teen girls decisions about ***ual intercourse.
    During the teenage years, it's normal for a teen to pull away from their family and gain some independence. As a teen this can be exciting and a little scary. Parents are terrified of this. When you are a teen, you will stop looking to your family for support and reinforcement of your decisions and you will want your friends to think what you do is "cool".
    As mentioned, this separation between parents and children is frightening for parents because they feel like they are losing control over your lives and.......THEY ARE!
    SO HOW DO YOU DEAL?
    What you need to do, is be a responsible teen and teach your parent that they can trust you. If you can successfully do this, then your parents won't be as threatened and they will give you more space. It's amazing how this works. Unfortunately, when teens act-out parents get mad and are more strict and institute more rules. Realize this too!
    Being responsible doesn't mean you have to be boring and not cool. A key to being responsible is being honest with your parents. It's normal to take risks as a teen - it's part of defining your identity. What you want to do is to take risks that are safe. Sounds silly, but it's true. There's nothing cool or fun about being addicted to drugs, having a baby when you're a teen, killing someone in a drunk driving accident or killing yourself for a stupid risk.
    Set your levels for experimentation and seek out friends who think like you do. Girls are pretty good at doing this. In general, for girls, if you hang-out with a group of girls who are mostly low-risk (meaning that they don't drink, do drugs or have ***) then you are less likely to engage in those high-risk activities. Even if there are a few girls in your group that would be called "high-risk", the effect of the group is larger than that of the individual and you're still pretty unlikely to take a risk. Boys are a bit more "risky" by nature, no matter what their friends are doing. So if you're a guy - be aware of the risks involved in what you are doing.
    As far as "just say NO" goes - try to put yourself in a situation where saying yes is a good thing, like joining a team, rather than something that is unsafe and unhealthy!
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    Thuốc trợ hiếp dâm, điều cần biết
    Date Rape Drugs: Facts You've Gotta Know
    It's hard to believe, but date rape drugs are for real and are really scary. There are things every person should know that will protect them from a skeevy trick like this. Check it out:
    What is the date rape drug?
    Rohypnol is also known as R-2, roofies, roophies, roaches and the date rape drug.
    What does it look like?
    Rohypnol has no odor, color or taste. It usually comes in a pill form, but sometimes can be a powder. Because you can't see, taste, or smell the drug, it's very easy to be fooled by it.
    What happens to people who have been slipped the date rape drug?
    It makes a person feel very relaxed, confused and spaced out. It can also make a person not able to move or talk. Too much of the drug can make a person pass out or slip into a coma. Hours later after the drug has worn off, the person usually has little or no memory of what happened. Combined with alcohol this drug can be deadly.
    Why do people use this drug?
    People will slip the pill into a person's drink without them knowing it just to take advantage of them ***ually. The abuser will wait until the victim is too out of it to say "no" and will have *** with them.
    What can I do to protect myself from this drug?
    There are several things a person can do to protect themselves from the date rape drug. Here are just a few:
    Don't let anyone fix you a drink. Always pour your own.
    Travel with a group of people and stick together at a party.
    Stay sober. Don't use drugs or alcohol so you have a clear head at all times.
    Look out not only for you, but also for your friends. A really good idea is to not let your friends get too drunk or wasted. If they do party too hard, take them home and stay with them to make sure they are okay. Don't let them disappear and don't let them wander off with a member of the opposite ***.
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    ******** và bạo động
    Facts About *** & Violence
    Unfortunately, date rape and violence do happen in relationships. As a teenager, there are some important facts you need to know that could possibly save you from being in one of these situations. Below are some facts about date rape and violence. But first, here are some definitions that will help you to understand the difference between different acts of violence.
    Rape: Any time a person is forced to have *** through verbal or physical coercion or force and their protests or objections are ignored. (Second Step)
    ***ual Assault: ***ual assault refers to any unwanted ***ual activity which includes all forms of rape and child ***ual abuse. (Standing Together Against Rape [STAR] www.akstar.com)
    Date Rape: ***ual assault by an individual with whom the victim has a "dating" relationship and the ***ual assault takes place in the context of this relationship. (National Victim Center)
    Acquaintance Rape: A ***ual assault by an individual known to the victim. (National Victim Center)
    About 68% of rape victims knew the rapist. In these cases, 28% were raped by husbands or boyfriends, 35% by acquaintances, or people they knew and 5% by other relatives.
    (Violence Against Women. Bureau of Justice Statistics, US Department of Justice, 1994. available: www.rainn.org)
    If a woman is forced to have *** by her boyfriend or husband, it is still rape. Having the title of being someone's husband or boyfriend does not give a person the right to force a person into having ***.
    At least 45% of rapists were under the influence of drugs or alcohol when they committed the crime.
    (Violence Against Women. Bureau of Justice Statistics, US Department of Justice, 1994. available: www.rainn.org)
    Teens between the ages of 16 and 19 are 3.5 times more likely than people of any other age to be victims of rape, or to attempt rape or ***ual assault.

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