Who can make corrections to my essay? (An EC's member need help!)

Sao bài dài thế ! Vậy là ngoài 3 lon bia, phải có thêm 2 con khô mực nướng. Here you go.
Mexican Immigrants in the U.S.
Migration has become a global issue as it touches both countries of immigration as well as emigration. Understandably, immigration have played an important part in a society?T cultures and economy. As the wealthiest country in the globe, the United States has long taken in many immigrants from every corner of the world, many of them are from the south border. Today the Mexican American communities are so big and influential that it has attracted attention from many anthropologists. On a macro level, this paper will discuss the anthropological views on Mexican immigration in America, particularly the roles of women, marriage, kinship, street gangs, then narrow down to a micro level case studies of Mexican immigrants.
Anthropological views on immigration
In the late 1980s, an American anthropologist Elizabeth Briody conducted research on Household Labor Patterns among Mexican Americans in South Texas, and discovered three prominent facets of Mexican immigration into the United States.
First we will examine the US southern states in general, and California and Texas in particular. Sharing the borders with Mexico, California and Texas are destinations of choice to many Mexicans. Coming to America the promised land has long been a dream to many Mexicans. However, most immigrants from the south ended up working in manual labor, earning low wages. Nearly sixty percent of them have non-agricultural jobs such as ?ostore clerks, drivers, or deliverers, factory workers and permanent employees on large ?~ranchos?T (ranches/farms)? (Briody 1986 : 110), which is a direct consequence of the immigrants?T lack of education. Statistics shows that ?osixty-five per cent of the principle income earners had completed three years or less of schooling and eighty-nine percent had attended only elementary school? (Briody 1986 : 111).
As Mexicans likely do not have to travel very far into America to find a job, their immigration process normally includes a transitional phase, in which ?oone household member comes to work in the U.S., while the other household members retain their residence in Mexico.? Unlike individuals who need to earn money in a short time and return to their homeland, the transitional phase is mostly found in household cases as these families, in an attempt to seek a better life, have to settle down as well as have long-term plans in the U.S.
It leads to the question whether one should be ?~alambre?T (undocumented) or ?~arreglado?T (documented). Because the cost of living in Mexico is lower, many choose to work temporarily in the U.S. and bring money back to Mexico. Becoming documented, therefore, never become an urgency. Moreover, even though family immigrants could illegally settle down in a new place, they will likely have to cope with an increasing number of difficulties such as daily needs, childcare, education, and healthcare - to name a few. Most immigrants as described in Briody?Ts book had to put up with lengthy and exhausted bureaucratic red tapes before they could obtain visas for other family members, a process that have gotten worse after the event of September 11, 2001. An example, Maria, a Mexican woman , worked as a maid in Texas while her husband, who had only two years of school, was a street vendor. The mother crossed the border back home on weekends only, and during the week her oldest son had to take care of his younger siblings. After twenty years of travelling back and forth, the family decided to stay permanently in the U.S. even if they were unable to obtain visas. In comparison with Maria, Ana?Ts family was better off as they own land in Mexico to raise maize, beans and cotton. However after her divorce, Ana had to work illegally on vegetable farms in South Texas. Only ten years later that she could manage to bring her children to America.
Thirdly, the number of "bread-winners" in a typical immigrant household in the U.S. has increased. Initially, ?othe household in Mexico relies primarily on the income of only one earner, the individual who migrated? (Briody 1986 : 118); however, due to the greater job opportunities and urbanization with changes in American economy, virtually all adult Mexican immigrants have to seek for jobs *****rvive. It should be noted that in Mexico women are not supposed to work *****pport their family. This gender disparity in labor force, nonetheless, is changed when they come to America where one income per household will not suffice. Therefore a large number of immigrants with both men and women participating in the labor market results in a reality that full-time and well paid employment becomes more and more scarce. While some people are fortunate enough to have skills plus a decent command of English are able to join the non-agricultural sector as carpenters, janitors, delivers, others end up with backbreaking low paying manual jobs.
The role of women, kinship, and gang identity among Mexican immigrants
As mentioned above, Mexican immigrant husbands have no choice but to let their wives work or they will not likely make ends meet. The fact that two incomes are necessary implies a more important role of women in immigrant households, because tra***ionally women are supposed to take care of their children only. Although taking a dual role - working and raising children - is a burden on women, they gradually become more independent from their husbands. The woman mentioned in the example earlier, Ana, found her way *****rvive in South Texas, then bought a small house and finally brought her children to America. It must be a miracle considering that Ana?Ts first job after divorce is working daily on American landowners?T vegetable fields. ?oEach day, Ana would go to the international bridge and wait to be hired by a crew leader?. No Social Security numbers (and thus, no legal documents were required in those days since the workers were paid in cash? (Briody 1986 : 112).
There is a shift in Mexican families from extended into nuclear ones, when they move from Mexico to America. Tra***ionally, family ties in Mexico are strong. The elder, especially the males, are well respected thus have more authority. However, in many cases, the parents would go to America to earn money, leaving the children to their grandparents. If the parents can apply for legal status, they will bring their children to the new lands and leave the grandparents in Mexico. Because the elders are unsuited for strenuous manual jobs, in most cases they opt to stay in Mexico and receive money sent from their children abroad. As a result, the Mexican immigrant households in America are mostly found as nuclear, or single families. The more a Mexican family integrates in American cultures, the more likely it is a nuclear one.

People tend to look for their identities when they join a bigger society. When Mexican immigrants arrive in America, they begin wondering who they are, what makes them different from the native people, as they are exposed to social discrimination and culture conflicts which they never experienced back in Mexico. Vigil in his book Barrio Gangs - Street Life and Identity in Southern California described how gangs are formed in Los Angeles and how blacks and Mexican Americans become gang members. Being minority in a new environment, immigrants tend to gather in their own territory?"barrios, which, like a coin, has both good and bad sides. The bigger the barrios become with more immigrants, the more they segregate themselves from the host society. When the second generations of Mexican immigrants grow up, they are the ones who most suffer discrimination and feel lost in the society which they hope to belong to. Because most of these youngsters identified themselves as American rather than Mexican, they ?ohold somewhat disparaging attitudes toward ?~chuntaros?T and ?~wetbacks?T? (Vigil 1988 : 42). However, they have hard time integrating themselves with white friends at school: ?o I did poorly in school because I couldn?Tt speak English. We used to segregate ourselves at school, because that?Ts what everybody did. This didn?Tt make me conscious of the injustice, because I took it as the order of things? (Vigil 1988 : 58). Other reasons that give rise to gang in barrios, according to Vigil, are economic hardship, and family stress (father''s absence or parents?T divorce). The street gang is also a mark of self identity, as the ?ogang members have adopted a distinctive street style of dress, speech, gestures, tattoos and graffiti? (Vigil 1988 : 2).
Braceros and mojados
Given the large number of Mexican Americans, such words as braceros or mojados (wetbacks) or border jumpers become more popular. Braceros were Mexican laborer admitted to America under a seasonal job contract. The first batch of braceros was perhaps in the 1940s, when they came to America to work as farm or railroad workers. Rigoberto Garcia Perez when talking about his father who went to Fresno from 1941 to the middle of 1942 explained that the reasons for braceros coming to America were both money and curiosity, a so different reason from that of Mexican border crossers today. As a result, Perez?Ts father went back and forth many times, with most of the time living in Michoacan, Mexico. Because of either his father''s influence on him or the respect Mexican families tra***ionally have on the male elders, Perez did not settle down in America until his father?Ts death. He brought his wife from Mexico together with their daughter, forming a nuclear family in the U.S. He said: "When I had my immigration status changed, I decided I would not go back. My father had died, and I decided to bring my wife here instead. I was tired of being alone. I thought, why am I leaving her there? I thought I''d bring her here. And once she''s here, she does not want to go back either. So the two of us are here then". Perez commented on his life as a bracero:
It was the beginning of the life I am leading now. They were good experiences, as I explained, because we survived. Thanks to those experiences, we survived. I found a good boss, and here I am. I can''t ask for more. I have two countries for just me, one person. I can cross the south border, and live happily in my land. And I can live happily in this country too. Because to me, people have been marvelous. And now I have a brother-in-law in the White House." [Laughs]
However, not many Mexican immigrants have a happy ending in America like Perez. There are a large number of mojados, who live in Mexico but cross the river daily to work. Depicted in Mojados (Wetbacks) by Santoli (1988) , Rosa Maria Urbina crossed the river five days a week to work as housekeeper in El Paso. She only met her children on weekend after taking them out of the orphanage. Rosa said that the male mojados prefer working in the fields, a harder and less steady job. Unlike bracero, mojados have more to worry about the immigrant status, if they want to settle down in America. ?oOn the farms where I work, some people are legal and others are not. If you drive your own car, the police usually will not question you. But if you come to work in the employer?Ts bus, they will take you away,? she said. Even if they have to confront many difficulties, America is still a paradise for Mexicans to dream of. ?oIf they [immigration officers] catch me again and send me back to Juarez, I will just come back across the river,? said Rosa when being asked about her migration obstacles.
It is not until the first batch of braceros came to America that Mexicans began to migrate into this country. The immigration stream has started for a couple of centuries, which makes it easy to understand why Mexican culture has become part of America. Compared to other immigrants from Asia and other Latin countries, Mexican Americans now have more chance to move upward in society, especially if their ancestors have settled in the US several generations ago. However, there are always newcomers, both legal and illegal, with disadvantages. The trend is irreversible, but what is important is how to help these people have a better living con***ions - a task which belongs to both America and Mexico as well as non-governmental organizations.
Được hbae787 sửa chữa / chuyển vào 22:12 ngày 02/01/2005

Quý hoá quá ngày mồng một bác hbae787 đã lọ mọ lên đây sửa bài rồi. Đây là cái term paper em mất cả buổi sáng ngồi viết nên nó hơi dài một tẹo.
Thấy bác có dùng let''s và won''t để sửa cho bài trên, em hơi thắc mắc một tẹo, không hiểu mấy cái này có được chấp nhận trong văn phong academic hay không? Em vốn cầu toàn, có gì bác cứ mạnh tay sửa chữa nhé! (Tại vì em thấy bài này có nhiều đoạn bác giữ đến 80 - 90% cách viết của em .
Anyway, thanks bác nhiều,

"Let''s" và "Won''t" không làm giảm tính formality của một term paper. Những chữ này vẫn được dùng trong các bài bình luận, các reports, và các researches về khoa học. But if you are not comfortable I am taking them off the essay. I have added some more corrections as well - see the revision above.
Nói chung thì văn phong của academic style chú trọng nhất ở chỗ :
1. Syntax của câu văn có tính formal
2. Sử dụng từ ngữ bác học (nhất là danh tự, động tự, tĩnh tự)
3. Lập luận vững chắc có tính thuyết phục
Về bài viết của em, Goaty viết rất khá (em viết giỏi hơn nhiều sinh viên người Việt đã ở Mỹ hàng chục năm) nên tôi không sửa nhiều. Nếu sửa nhiều em sẽ không còn nhận ra bài văn của mình nữa. Tôi chỉ rewrite những đoạn tối nghĩa và hơi dài dòng lủng củng which are few and far in between; một vài spellings; một vài verb tenses, và một vài word choices.
Được hbae787 sửa chữa / chuyển vào 22:08 ngày 02/01/2005

i have some experience to share with you about writing short essay (less than 5000 words). I gained them from my lecturers when they corrected my essays.
The most important things to remember is, the essay should be a dialogue. Your essay should present your view among different views of differents authors. It means that you not only have your own opinion, but also you handle well other opinions. You have to do that just because at this stage (of study), your main job is to show the lecturers that you understand what they want you to know. That''s all. And among information you get, you can draw for yoursefl your position in that course of discussion. That is about the content of essay.
Style of your essay should be simple. There are 3 parts, Introduction, Body and Conclusion (some requires preamable). In the Introduction, it should be short and give readers brief information will be presented in the essay. Tell readers what the problem is, how to solve it, and how many issues you will write about. It should be short and do not make reades guess what you write about.
In the body, the essay should be presented in very simple structure. One argument in one paragragh. For each argument, there should be the introduction, a well-known view about that, citation for that view, how do you think about that and finally, present your opinion.
......
i have to go home now, c u 2morrow

các bác ở đây cứu em với tuần sau em phải viết essay rồi mà điểm essay của em thấp wa''
may ma` được giao essay về nhà ,thôi em tính thế này ,em cứ đưa đề bài lên đây các bác cùng làm với em ,nếu các bác giúp em được điểm cao thì em xin khao các bác 1 chầu cà fê,hahha,tiện thể off lai cho bóc luôn cung~ được,thank u các bác trước
PLEASE HEPL ME! <EMERGENCY,nếu các bác ko giúp em thi` ki` này em phải đúp môn này mất,hiện thời điểm essay của em toàn 50/100 híc híc>

Hihi thế đề đâu? bạn viết đi rùi mọi người cùng sửa cho Yên tâm, nhưng ko có chuyện viết bài hộ đâu nhé.

ok,minh` ko nhớ rõ đề lém ,nhưng đại í là thế này
<about 500-750 words> nowaday *** education must be teach in school .but there are some people said that it''s private information <chà đếch biết co'' nhớ đúng ko,thôi cứ tàm tạm vậy đi,lói chung đại í của nó là ******** học đường đang trở thành phổ biến và chúng ta phải chứng minh rằng khuyên bảo các em học sinh là trách nhiệm của nhà trường ,ok>
để mai em mượn đề về rồi em pót lên cho mọi người cùng đọc thôi cứ tàm tạm vậy đi

Em cảm ơn bác hbae787 nhiều lắm! Vote bác 5 sao rồi mà vẫn phải quay lại vote thêm bác lần nữa. Về việc sửa bài thì quan điểm của em rất thoáng, bác sửa cho em càng nhiều thì em càng học hỏi được bấy nhiêu. Em cũng không ngại bản được e*** khác xa so với bản gốc, nên bác cứ mạnh tay mà làm.
Thôi bây giờ em lại nhờ bác tiếp một bài khác, ngắn hơn bài lần trước 1 tẹo. Thanks in advance!
French Revolution and the Development of Sociology
For any intellectual field, social settings play an important role in forming its development. It is particularly true of sociology, which is more profoundly shaped by actual crisis than any other science. Although the term ?~sociology?T was first coined by Auguste Comte in the early the early nineteenth century, the development of this academic discipline had a groundwork rooted in the Renaissance (started approximately 1300 ?" 1400 in Europe) that is also the beginning of an important period in history lasting for roughly five hundred years?"the Great Transformation. As the Great Transformation witnessed a ray of transformations in society and culture such as industrialization, the civil changes, commercial development, population growth, political revolutions, thinkers of this time sought to apply the scientific temper of natural history to the society, simultaneously explained the rapidly changing world around them. Within the matrix of the Great Transformation, there was one crucial event that contributed to the changes in society as well as influenced the ambience of classical sociological theory?"the French Revolution (1787 ?" 1799).
France, in the eve of the French Revolution, was ruled by the king, who also divided the society into three estates. The first estate consisted of the clergy, the second estate the nobility, and third estate everyone else. Although the first and second estates merely composed 1 ?" 2 percent of the population, they enjoyed the vast bulk of political and economic privileges. In a dynamic international setting of the increasingly developed England together with the harsh miliatary competition of European states, France were engaged in fighting wars and needed increasing amount of money to finance its military adventures, which forced the king and his associates to raised taxes and sold noble titles for money, fostering corruption. As world trade grew with the colonization of the Americans, merchants became more economically powerful. The trade and production for market, which replaced the customary lord-peasant relations, also gave opportunities for peasants to be wealthier in the economy. Both peasants and merchants, when becoming more affluent, resented the heavy taxes they had to bear for lacking a voice in the governing system. The internal elements in France along with the international settings enhanced the revolutionary transformation in 1787, which also marked the rise of the bourgeoisie and the emergence of the arbitrary, tra***ional authority.
Though the French Revolution ultimately failed, paving way for the dictatorship of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799, its history is tied to the increasingly radical demands of the third estate, as it moved from demanding a constitutional monarchy to a radical emphasis on political equality and a democratic republic?"an early version of socialism. The French Revolution also had tremendous social, economic, and political consequences, as it instituted the rule of the people, for a short time though, freed property from public control, and abolished all estates existing between the government and individuals.
For its importance and profound influence, the French Revolution attracted the attention of many early theorists. There were writers particularly concerned about the resulting chaos and disorders, who were consequently united in a desire to restore order to society. Some of the more extreme thinkers of this period, Louis de Bonald (1754 ?" 1840) for example, yearned for a return to the peaceful and relatively orderly days of the Middle Ages. They regarded such phenomena as tra***ion, imagination, emotionalism, and religion as useful and necessary components of social life. In that they disliked upheaval and sought to retain the existing order, they deplored developments such as the French Revolution, which they saw as disruptive forces. The conservatives tended to emphasize social order, an emphasis that became one of the central themes of the world of several classical, sociological theorists.
The more sophisticated thinkers recognized that social change had made such a return impossible. Thus they sought instead to find new bases of order in societies that had been overturned by the political revolutions of the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries. This interest in the issue of social order was one of the major concerns of classical sociological theorists, particularly Comte (1798 ?" 1857) and Durkheim (1858 ?" 1917).
Comte, who had enormous influence on Durkheim and the British sociological thinkers Spencer (1820 ?" 1903), reacted against the French Revolution, which partly can be seen from his works. Like Bonald, Comte was greatly disturbed by the anarchy that pervaded society. However, he pointed that the advances of science and industry made a return to the Middle Ages impossible. Consequently, he developed an evolutionary theory, which was much more sophisticated than his predecessors, known as the ?~law of three stages?T?"theological, metaphysical, positivistic stages, respectively. The first stage was the belief that supernatural powers and religious figures prior to 1300. The second one occurred roughly between 1300 and 1800, when was characterized by the abstract forces of ?~nature.?T Eventually, the world, as he believed, would enter the third stage of science by 1800. For this was an evolutionary process, positivism stage would finally come, he argued that there was no need to foment social upheaval and revolution.
An excellent inheritor of the conservative school was Durkheim. In his book of ?oThe Rules of Sociological Method? in 1895, he developed the term ?~social facts,?T which he considered as phenomena external and coercive of the individual. Durkheim, like Comte, abhorred social disorder, and believed that there was no point going back to the society where nonmaterial social facts (culture or social institutions, for example) dominated. Durkheim argued that social disorders were an unnecessary part of the modern world and could be eliminated by social reforms. Since he felt that the modern division of labor brought with it several ?~pathologies?T?"an inadequate method of holding society together, Durkheim suggested a variety of reforms that could ?~repair?T the modern system and keep it functioning. Also, common morality, as he believed, could be strengthened in the modern society and people thereby could cope better with the pathologies that they were experiencing.
The French Revolution was not merely bordered within France. Rather it inspired other democratic uprisings in much of Europe throughout the nineteenth century, and made issues of democracy central components in political discussions. It helped make the nation-state the primary focus of economic and social activity, and the demonstrated the possibility of a successful insurrectionary movement led by committed revolutionaries, becoming an important symbol for later Marxists. Marx (1818 ?" 1883) was not a sociologist and did not ever consider himself to be one. However, there is a sociological theory to be found in Marx?Ts work. Whereas Durkheim, along with most other classical theorists, did not see the problems of the modern world as inherent in society, Marx did. His interest was in revolution, which stood in contrast to the conservative concern for reform and orderly change. In the first place, Marx?Ts views, unlike Comte, were materialistic instead of mentalistic, and his societal evolution had five stages. Most importantly, despite being evolutionary like Comte?Ts theory, Marx?Ts general theory of societal change indicated that the unequal distribution of wealth was the cause of exploitation, repression and injustice. There was therefore a continuous struggle and conflict going on between classes, one class endeavoring to obtain greater wealth and equality and to enjoy the privileges of the other class.

Social revolutions have been rare but momentous occurrences in modern world history. From France in the 1790s to Vietnam in the mid-twentieth century, these revolutions have transformed state organizations, class structures, and dominant ideologies. The French Revolution, in particular, gave the rise of sociological theories, especially in France where this crucial transformation occurred, with thinkers such as Comte, Durkheim, who set a foundation to the development of sociology as well as its important role in the ideology of Marx.

chethapcam,Thành viên từ 16:15, 21/12/04Chưa có ai bình chọn    Quản lý thành viên
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Các anh chị ơi , giúp em với. Em pha?i viết ba?i vê? đê? ta?i '''' tại sao tiếng Anh trơ? tha?nh ngôn ngưf thông dụng trên thế giới như hiện nay'''' , em muốn viết nhiê?u nhiê?u tí, nếu biết được nhưfng cái liên quan đến lịch sư? thi? ca?ng tốt. Em Gút Gô? mafi, chi? to?an la? nhưfng cách học tiếng Anh có hiệu qua?, phương pháp na?y nọ.. ( hay tại em Gút Gô? kém quá ). Anh chị na?o có ta?i liệu nói vê? vấn đê? na?y, xin chi? giúp em cái ạ, gấp lắm rô?i. Ta?i liệu bă?ng Tiếng Anh, hay tiếng Việt, tiếng Nhật cufng được ạ.Em xin cám ơn nhiê?u.

Gửi lúc 18:35, 16/01/05